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2023 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology, SENNANO 2023

作者： Syn Yi, Michelle Ang Hussin, Razaidi Rokhani, Fakhrul Zaman University Malaysia Perlis Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Arau Malaysia University Putra Malaysia UPM Department of Computer and Communications System Engineering Serdang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333312

This paper presents the resistance mitigation techniques for comparator design. Resistance plays an important role to semiconductor field. If resistance value higher than the design specification value, this might cause the electronic device burning and destroy. This project implements the techniques to mitigate resistance for the comparator design layout which are using multiple metal layers for routing, routing track improvement, increase metal width, increase number of vias and using higher metal layer for routing by using Cadence Virtuoso tools in 45 nanometer process technology. Based on the result, the total percentage for resistance mitigation for using multiple metal layers for routing is 73.66%, routing track improvement is 67.67%, increase metal width is 51.74%, increase number of vias is 50% and using higher metal layer for routing is 18.79%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Comparators (optical)

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Lightning and Surge Arrester Simulation in Power Distribution System 8

Lightning and Surge Arrester Simulation in Power Distributio...

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8th IEEE International Conference on engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences, ICETAS 2023

作者： Ibrahim, Babul Salam Soomro, Dur Muhammad Sundarajoo, Sharman Akhir Tahrir, Muhammad Noor Gulf University for Science & Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Kuwait Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327090

Lightning is a very significant occurrence that exists on earth. One stroke of lightning on a distribution network can be enough to be the root of a power outage. Therefore, this study examines and investigates the consequences of lightning and surge arresters in the power distribution system. A lightning surge is designed to examine consequences on a network. The metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) performance illustration is pointedly diverse during significant impulse transients are considered. The MOSA is selected after comparing the shielding stages, momentary overvoltage, and power captivation competency. Picking a greater valued surge arrester raises its momentary overvoltage scope. Hence, its capability to endure against network voltage pressures develops but decreases the arrester's safety level for a specified shielding range. However, for the fast front surge arrester, its vital features are important for overvoltage related investigations relating quick front surges. Lightning surge and surge arrester simulation were carried out in the PSCAD software environment to investigate the effects of lightning and surge arresters in the distribution system. This study's simulation results indicate the significance and requirement of lightning defense systems installation in distribution networks. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computer software

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Development of Boost Converter System with Solar Charging Controller for Electrical Equipment 8

Development of Boost Converter System with Solar Charging Co...

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8th IEEE International Conference on engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences, ICETAS 2023

作者： Ibrahim, Babul Salam Soomro, Dur Muhammad Sundarajoo, Sharman Shahirin, Mohd Fakhrul Gulf University for Science & Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Kuwait Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327090

There are numerous DC to DC energy alteration utilizations where the origin voltage needs to be transformed to a larger resulting voltage. Boost converters utilization includes energy equipment for semiconductor manufacturing supplies, ultrasound instruments, X-ray devices, solar systems, and mercury ion motors. Notably, this type of converter is used to step up the photovoltaic generator's voltage to the required load voltage in solar systems. Hence, this study's principal interest is to form and compose a boost converter and a solar charging controller circuit. This system aims to change the uncontrolled input of DC to a regulated output of DC with the wanted level of voltage. There are three critical procedures involved to produce a boost converter. The first process was to design. Next was to simulate, and the final process was to construct the boost converter and a solar charging controller circuit. The operational frequency was configured at 20 kHz, and a duty cycle of 50% was employed. In this study, the OrCAD PSpice, Multisim, and Proteus software environments were used to simulate the develop the circuit to obtain results. Every parameter value was obtained from the hardware. The values obtained were compared with the calculation, simulation, and hardware results from the boost converter circuit as a validation procedure. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Boost converter

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TELEX: Two-Level Learned Index for Rich Queries on Enclave-based Blockchain Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data engineering 2025年第7期37卷 4299-4313页

作者： Wu, Haotian Tang, Yuzhe Shen, Zhaoyan Tao, Jun Lin, Chenhao Peng, Zhe The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Hong Kong Syracuse University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Shandong University School of Computer Science and Technology China Southeast University School of Cyber Science and Engineering China Xi'an Jiaotong University Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Hong Kong

Blockchain has become a popular paradigm for secure and immutable data storage. Despite its numerous applications across various fields, concerns regarding the user privacy and result integrity during data queries persist. Additionally, the need for rich query functionalities to harness the full potential of blockchain data remains an area ripe for exploration. In order to address these challenges, our paper first utilizes a framework based on the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) and oblivious RAM technique to achieve both privacy and data integrity. To enhance the query efficiency over the entire blockchain, we then devise a two-level learned indexing methodology named TELEX within the TEE for both integer and string keys. We also propose different query processing algorithms for versatile query types, including exact queries, aggregate queries, Boolean queries, and range queries. By implementing the prototype and conducting extensive evaluation, we demonstrate the feasibility and remarkable improvement in efficiency compared to existing solutions. © 1989-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Query languages

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Privacy preserving large language models: ChatGPT case study based vision and framework

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2024年第S1期4卷 706-724页

作者： Ullah, Imdad Hassan, Najm Gill, Sukhpal Singh Suleiman, Basem Ahanger, Tariq Ahamed Shah, Zawar Qadir, Junaid Kanhere, Salil S. School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Higher Colleges of Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Management Information Systems Department College of Business Administration Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Sydney International School of Technology and Commerce SydneyNSW Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Sydney Australia

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical information such as context, specific details, identifying information, use this information in the training process, and generate responses for the requested queries. The extracted data also contain sensitive information, seriously threatening user privacy and reluctance to use such tools. This article proposes the conceptual model called PrivChatGPT, a privacy-preserving model for LLMs consisting of two main components, that is, preserving user privacy during the data curation/pre-processing and preserving private context and the private training process for large-scale data. To demonstrate the applicability of PrivChatGPT, it is shown how a private mechanism could be integrated into the existing model for training LLMs to protect user privacy;specifically, differential privacy and private training using Reinforcement Learning (RL) were employed. The privacy level probabilities are associated with the document contents, including the private contextual information, and with metadata, which is used to evaluate the disclosure probability loss for an individual's private information. The privacy loss is measured and the measure of uncertainty or randomness is evaluated using entropy once differential privacy is applied. It recursively evaluates the level of privacy guarantees and the uncertainty of public databases and resources during each update when new information is added for training purposes. To critically evaluate the use of differential privacy for private LLMs, other mechanisms were hypothetically compared such as Blockchain, private information retrieval, randomisation, obfuscation, anonymisation, and the use of Tor for various performance measures such as the model performance and accuracy, computational complexity, privacy vs. utility, training latency, vulnerability to attacks, and

关键词： Blockchain

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Advanced Power and Voltage Regulation in a DC Microgrid with Solar Energy and Battery Storage 15

Advanced Power and Voltage Regulation in a DC Microgrid with...

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15th International Renewable Energy Congress, IREC 2025

作者： Elrashid, M. Rajab, Z. Elhashane, M. Younis, A. Gomez-Romero, J. Tnatin, Salah I.S Mohamed, F. Benghazi University Faculty if Engineering Electrical and Electronic Department Libya University of Granada Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Spain Omar Al-Mukhtar University Faculty of Engineering Electrical Department Libya Authority of Natural Science Research and Technology Tripoli Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516772

This research investigates the modeling, design, and simulation of a microgrid with advanced energy management controller, developed using MATLAB/Simulink. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis, modeling, and simulation of a smart controller for a boost converter, using an artificial neural network (ANN) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance power output. The study begins with a comparison between traditional MPPT techniques and the ANN-based approach. These MPPT strategies are compared in terms of their response to dynamic weather conditions (such as temperature and irradiance variations) and their ability to minimize oscillations around the maximum power point. The simulation results demonstrate that the ANN-based MPPT method outperforms the conventional P&O and IC methods, providing faster response times and higher output power. Additionally, the system's performance was evaluated under conditions of power shortage and during battery charging and discharging cycles, showing the effectiveness of the smart controller in maintaining system stability and optimizing energy management. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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NFC Implementation Methods for ESP32 Based IoT Systems 16

NFC Implementation Methods for ESP32 Based IoT Systems

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16th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications, TELSIKS 2023

作者： Mitrovic, Nikola Pousibet-Garrido, Antonio Veljkovic, Sandra Ruiz-Garcia, Isidoro Dankovic, Danijel Palma, Alberto J. Ristic, Goran Carvajal, Miguel A. University of Niš Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Microelectronics Serbia University of Granada Department of Electronics and Computer Technology Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347029

This paper presents research on methods for implementation of NFC technology into ESP32 based IoT systems. Two main methods are proposed, first with the commercial modules that incorporate built-in antenna and module that is universal transceiver and decoder, and second method, where all of the integral parts of the system are designed separately. Methods are analyzed and compared in terms of feasibility, speed, resources and cost, using specially developed tests. Tests consist of multiple writing and reading tasks from the NFC tag, ESP32 and the smartphone. Tests also examine the compatibility with the ESP32 for IoT applications and with NFC enabled smartphones. Results point out that first implementation method offers higher performance rate in terms of the most of criteria, while the second method gives broader versatility and wider compatibility range. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Smartphones

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An Efficient Approach of Drowsiness Detection Based on ResNet50 and Xception Architectures 3

An Efficient Approach of Drowsiness Detection Based on ResNe...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on electronic engineering, ICEEM 2023

作者： El-Nabi, Samy Abd El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Emam, Ahmed Ramadan, Khalil F. Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Artificial Intelligence Engineering South Sinai46511 Egypt Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Communications Menouf32952 Egypt Menoufia University Dept. of Computer Science and Math Faculty of Science Menoufia Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323511

This paper delves into a critical aspect of road safety by investigating a method to detect drowsiness in images. The accurate utilization of this technology by fatigued drivers holds the potential to prevent numerous fatal accidents, as the proposed models exhibit swift responsiveness in identifying instances of driver drowsiness. Within the realm of eye closure detection, two drowsiness models, namely ResNet50 and Xception, are employed to portray various eye state classifications. Nonetheless, the scarcity of readily available and reliable eye datasets poses a formidable challenge. Leveraging the power of ResNet50, deep facial features are extracted, resulting in an impressive accuracy of 98.06%. Similarly, the utilization of Xception yields a commendable accuracy of 95.69% when evaluated with the MRL dataset. These experimental outcomes firmly establish the higher accuracy and cost-effectiveness of eye closure estimation, thereby underscoring the efficacy of the proposed framework for drowsiness recognition. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Proposed Different Signal Processing Tools for Efficient Optical Wireless Communications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3293-3318页

作者： Hend Ibrahim Abeer D.Algarni Mahmoud Abdalla Walid El-Shafai Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Naglaa F.Soliman Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufia32952Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science DepartmentPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 11586Saudi Arabia

Optical Wireless Communication(OWC)is a new trend in communication systems to achieve large bandwidth,high bit rate,high security,fast deployment,and low *** basic idea of the OWC is to transmit data on unguided media with *** system requires multi-carrier modulation such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM).This paper studies optical OFDM performance based on Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection(IM/DD)*** system requires a non-negativity *** paper presents a framework for wireless optical OFDM system that comprises(IM/DD)with different forms,Direct Current biased Optical OFDM(DCO-OFDM),Asymmetrically Clipped Optical OFDM(ACO-OFDM),Asymmetrically DC-biased Optical OFDM(ADO-OFDM),and *** also considers channel coding as a tool for error control,channel equalization for reducing deterioration due to channel effects,and investigation of the turbulence *** evaluation results of the proposed framework reveal enhancement of *** performance of the IM/DD-OFDM system is investigated over different channel models such as AWGN,log-normal turbulence channel model,and ceiling bounce channel *** simulation results show that the BER performance of the IM/DD-OFDM communication system is enhanced while the fading strength is *** results reveal also that Hamming codes,BCH codes,and convolutional codes achieve better BER ***,two algorithms of channel estimation and equalization are considered and *** algorithms include the Least Squares(LS)and the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE).The simulation results show that the MMSE algorithm gives better BER performance than the LS algorithm.

关键词： Optical communication systems OWC IM/DD OFDM MMSE LS ADO-OFDM DCO-OFDM ACO-OFDM

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Reinforcement of Medical Image Security Through Steganography and Encryption Techniques 3

Reinforcement of Medical Image Security Through Steganograph...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on electronic engineering, ICEEM 2023

作者： Khallaf, Fatma El-Shafai, Walid El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Ahram Canadian University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Giza Egypt Prince Sultan University Security Engineering Laboratory Department of Computer Science Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323511

Patients' data is stored in electronic Health Records (EHRs) for confidentiality purposes. However, the insecure networks of hospitals and clinics puts patient information at risk. To address this ethical issue, secure communication is crucial. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard governs the transmission of EHRs to maintain data integrity and confidentiality. This paper combines cryptography and steganography techniques to transmit medical information and images across hospital networks, securely. The introduced framework comprises encryption of patients' data using DNA-based Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), hiding the information within images using Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding, compressing the stego images using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and reversal of the process at the receiver end. Simulation experiments demonstrate that this framework comprising both encryption and steganography outperforms existing methods in securing the medical data. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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