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Signal propagation parameters estimation through designed multi layer fibre with higher dominant modes using OptiFibre simulation

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Journal of Optical Communications 2024年 45卷 s453-s463页

作者： Zaki Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Ahammad, S.K. Hasane Daher, Malek G. Sorathiya, Vishal Siddique, Abrar Asaduzzaman, Sayed Rehana, Hasin Dutta, Nitul Patel, Shobhit K. Nyangaresi, Vincent Omollo Jibon, Rayhan Habib Ibrahim, Anas Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32951 Egypt Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram522302 India Physics Department Islamic University of Gaza P.O. Box 108 Gaza Palestine Department of Information and Communication Technology Marwadi University Rajkot India Department of Smart Robot Convergence and Application Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rangamati Science and Technology University Rangamati Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh Computer Science and Engineering Department SRM University Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Marwadi University Gujarat Rajkot India Tom Mboya University College P.O. Box 199-40300 Homabay Kenya Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline Khulna University Khulna9208 Bangladesh

The aim and scope of the paper is to simulate the signal propagation parameters estimation through designed multi-layer fibre with higher dominant modes by using OptiFibre simulation software. The multi-layer fibre profile has a length of 1000 m is designed and clarified with six layers. RI difference profile variations are clarified with radial distance variations. Modal/group index, group delay, dispersion, mode field diameter and total fibre losses are demonstrated with the fibre wavelength variations. All the dominant mode field distribution for multi-layer fibre are simulated and demonstrated. The other modes for designed multi-layer fibre with the theoretical fibre cutoff values for the different modes based the designed multi-layer fibre are analyzed and clarified clearly in details. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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6DMA-Aided Hybrid Beamforming with Joint Antenna Position and Orientation Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yichi Zhang, Yuchen Zhu, Lipeng Xiao, Sa Tang, Wanbin Eldar, Yonina C. Zhang, Rui National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Kash Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Kash 844000 China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

This paper studies a sub-connected six-dimensional movable antenna (6DMA)-aided multi-user communication system. In this system, each sub-array is connected to a dedicated radio frequency chain and collectively moves and rotates as a unit within specific local regions. The movement and rotation capabilities of 6DMAs enhance design flexibility, facilitating the capture of spatial variations for improved communication performance. To fully characterize the effect of antenna position and orientation on wireless channels between the base station (BS) and users, we develop a field-response-based 6DMA channel model to account for the antenna radiation pattern and polarization. We then maximize the sum rate of multiple users, by jointly optimizing the digital and unit-modulus analog beamformers given the transmit power budget as well as the positions and orientations of sub-arrays within given movable and rotatable ranges at the BS. Due to the highly coupled variables, the formulated optimization problem is non-convex and thus challenging to solve. We develop a fractional programming-aided alternating optimization framework that integrates the Lagrange multiplier method, manifold optimization, and gradient descent to solve the problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed 6DMA-aided sub-connected structure achieves a substantial sum-rate improvement over various benchmark schemes with less flexibility in antenna movement and can even outperform fully-digital beamforming systems that employ antenna position or orientation adjustments only. The results also highlight the necessity of considering antenna polarization for optimally adjusting antenna orientation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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‘Online grazing permit’: A review of novel digitalisation procedures of natural resources management projects in Iran

World Development Sustainability

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World Development Sustainability 2024年 5卷

作者： Amiraslani, Farshad Mortazavi Sarmad, Elham Fellow The Iran's Vice-Presidency for Science Technology and Knowledge-based Economy Department of RS/GIS Faculty of Geography University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Essex CO4 3SQ United Kingdom

Globally, there is a constant growth in digitalisation and e-services. Their main benefits include higher transparency, reliability and accountability of service providers while strengthening fair competition and collaboration. This article improves upon previous literature by adding a new innovative dimension to natural resources management through digitalisation processes. It also narrates a relatively swift alteration of public policies in response to growing access demands to digital data. Here, we examine one of the well-established Iranian public organisations for natural resources management, called 'Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Management Organisation'. This organisation has shifted its procedures to become a significant electronic service provider within a relatively short period. Given its extended offices, diverse range of activities, and human resources portfolio, it could become a role model for other similar organisations at the national, regional and global levels. This review paper highlights the challenges of forming a national digital-based authority for natural resource management. We will cover a few remarks on such quick transition strengths and failures. The lessons learned can be considered in other similar contexts. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Digitalisation FRWO Iran natural resources management Public services

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Autonomous Vehicles in 5G and Beyond: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hakak, Saqib Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Ramu, Swarna Priya Parimala, M. Maddikunta, Praveen Kumar Reddy de Alwis, Chamitha Liyanage, Madhusanka The Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Canada The School of Information Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology India The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Sri Jayewardeneprua Sri Lanka The School of Computer Science University Collage Dublin Ireland Centre for Wireless Communications University of Oulu Finland

Fifth Generation (5G) technology is an emerging and fast adopting technology which is being utilized in most of the novel applications that require highly reliable low-latency communications. It has the capability to provide greater coverage, better access, and best suited for high density networks. Having all these benefits, it clearly implies that 5G could be used to satisfy the requirements of Autonomous vehicles. Automated driving Vehicles and systems are developed with a promise to provide comfort, safe and efficient drive reducing the risk of life. But, recently there are fatalities due to these autonomous vehicles and systems. This is due to the lack of robust state-of-art which has to be improved further. With the advent of 5G technology and rise of autonomous vehicles (AVs), road safety is going to get more secure with less human errors. However, integration of 5G and AV is still at its infant stage with several research challenges that needs to be addressed. This survey first starts with a discussion on the current advancements in AVs, automation levels, enabling technologies and 5G requirements. Then, we focus on the emerging techniques required for integrating 5G technology with AVs, impact of 5G and B5G technologies on AVs along with security concerns in AVs. The paper also provides a comprehensive survey of recent developments in terms of standardisation activities on 5G autonomous vehicle technology and current projects. The article is finally concluded with lessons learnt, future research directions and challenges. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Sensing With Random Communication Signals

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Lu, Shihang Liu, Fan Xiong, Yifeng Du, Zhen Cui, Yuanhao Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Yang, Jie Jin, Shi Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing100876 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing210044 China Technical University of Berlin Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berlin10587 Germany Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security China Southeast University MOE Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Nanjing211189 China

Communication-centric Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a promising methodology to implement wireless sensing functionality over existing network architectures, due to its cost-effectiveness and backward compatibility to legacy cellular systems. However, the inherent randomness of the communication signal may incur huge fluctuations in sensing capabilities, leading to unfavorable detection and estimation performance. To address this issue, we elaborate on random ISAC signal processing methods in this article, aiming at improving the sensing performance without unduly deteriorating the communication functionality. Specifically, we commence by discussing the fundamentals of sensing with random communication signals, including the performance metrics and optimal ranging waveforms. Building on these concepts, we then present a general framework for random ISAC signal transmission, followed by an in-depth exploration of time-domain pulse shaping, frequency-domain constellation shaping, and spatial-domain precoding methods. We provide a comprehensive overview of each of these topics, including models, results, and design guidelines. Finally, we conclude this article by identifying several promising research directions for random ISAC signal transmission. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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TEVA: Training-Efficient and Verifiable Aggregation for Federated Learning for Consumer electronics in Industry 5.0

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer electronics 2024年

作者： Xia, Yuanjun Liu, Yining Chen, Jingxue Liang, Yangfan Khan, Fazlullah Alturki, Ryan Wang, Xiaopei Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software School of Computer and Information Security Guilin541004 China Wenzhou University of Technology School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou325027 China University of Technology School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences SydneyNSW2007 Australia Jiaxing University Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Perceiving and Intelligent Systems The Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province The Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province Jiaxing314001 China University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Engineering Zhejiang Ningbo315104 China Umm AI-Qura University Makkah Department of Software Engineering College of Computing Saudi Arabia Riverside Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California CA92521 United States

Federated learning (FL) has been widely used for privacy-preserving model updates in Industry 5.0, facilitated by 6G networks. Despite FL's privacy-preserving advantages, it remains vulnerable to attacks where adversaries can infer private data from local models or manipulate the central server (CS) to deliver falsified global models. Current privacy-preserving approaches, primarily based on the FedAvg algorithm, fail to optimize training efficiency for non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data. This article proposes training-efficient and verifiable aggregation (TEVA) for FL to resolve these issues. This scheme combines threshold Paillier homomorphic encryption (TPHE), verifiable aggregation, and an optimized double momentum update mechanism (OdMum). TEVA not only leverages TPHE to protect the privacy of local models but also ensures the integrity of the global model through a verifiable aggregation mechanism. Additionally, TEVA integrates the OdMum algorithm to effectively address the challenges posed by non-IID data, promoting rapid model convergence and significantly enhancing overall training efficiency. Security analysis indicates that TEVA meets the requirements for privacy protection. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that TEVA can accelerate model convergence while incurring lower computational and communication overheads. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Optimization on Purity K-Means Using Variant Distance Measure 3

Optimization on Purity K-Means Using Variant Distance Measur...

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3rd International Conference on Mechanical, electronics, computer, and Industrial technology, MECnIT 2020

作者： Sebayang, Fransisca Angelia Lydia, Maya Silvi Nasution, Benny Benyamin Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Medan Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Medan Electronic Engineering Department Medan Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781728174037

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174037

The initial center point of the cluster (centroid) affects the results of the K-Means algorithm. In this study is discussing the results of K-Means clustering with initial centroid determination using purity and different distance measures performed on various datasets with varying amounts of attributes and amounts of data. So this paper presents the best distance in the process of clustering the K-Means algorithm. Based on the results of test conducted on the Iris dataset with 150 data amounts, the number of attributes 4 and 4 clusters, the results obtained using Euclidean Purity K-Means of 0.2935 is better than the Canberra Purity K-Means of 0,5949 and City Block Purity K-Means of 0.4771. The next comparison is the results of test conducted on the Birth and Death Rates dataset with 70 data, the number of attributes 2 and 4 clusters obtained the results are using the Canberra Purity K-Means of 0.4925 better than the Euclidean Purity K-Means of 0.5411 and City Block Purity K-Means of 0.4938. The last comparison of the results of test conducted on the Wholesale Customers dataset with a total of 440 data, the number of attributes 6 and 4 clusters are obtained using Canberra Purity K-Means of 0.9357 better than Euclidean Purity K-Means of 1.0357 and City Block Purity K-Means of 0.9619. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： K-means clustering

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UCLOUDNET: A RESIDUAL U-NET WITH DEEP SUPERVISION FOR CLOUD IMAGE SEGMENTATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yijie Wang, Hewei Wang, Shaofan Lee, Yee Hui Pathan, Muhammad Salman Dev, Soumyabrata School of Computer Science University College Dublin DublinD04V1W8 Ireland Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China The ADAPT SFI Research Centre DublinD04V1W8 Ireland School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Innovation Value Institute Maynooth University Ireland

Recent advancements in meteorology involve the use of ground-based sky cameras for cloud observation. Analyzing images from these cameras helps in calculating cloud coverage and understanding atmospheric phenomena. Traditionally, cloud image segmentation relied on conventional computer vision techniques. However, with the advent of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly applied for this purpose. Despite their effectiveness, CNNs often require many epochs to converge, posing challenges for real-time processing in sky camera systems. In this paper, we introduce a residual U-Net with deep supervision for cloud segmentation which provides better accuracy than previous approaches, and with less training consumption. By utilizing residual connection in encoders of UCloudNet, the feature extraction ability is further improved. In the spirit of reproducible research, the model code, dataset, and results of the experiments in this paper are available at: https://***/Att100/UCloudNet. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Hydrovoltaic–Piezoelectric Hybridized Device for Microdroplet-Pressure Dual Energy Harvesting and Piezo Sensing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Trung, Vuong Dinh Le, Phuoc-Anh Natsuki, Jun Zhao, Weili Bac Phung, Thi Viet Tan, Jing Yang, Weimin Natsuki, Toshiaki Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda386-8567 Japan Shinshu University Nagano Ueda Japan College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Center for Environmental Intelligence College of Engineering & Computer Science VinUniversity Hanoi10000 Viet Nam Institute of Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Nagano Ueda386-8567 Japan

Microdroplet energy has emerged as a viable renewable energy source. Previous droplet triboelectric nanogenerators have made significant advancements in mechanical energy harvesting performance. However, these generators mainly focus on capturing liquid–solid contact energy while neglecting substrate deformation energy. Moreover, certain issues, such as inability to store energy and surface deterioration due to continuous impact of droplets, lead to output instability and a reduced lifespan, thus narrowing the scope of their potential applications. Here, a novel hydrovoltaic-piezoelectric hybridized device (HPeD) is reported that integrates hydrocapacitor, aluminum–air (Al–air) battery, and piezoelectric nanogenerator technologies through a green design strategy. Impinged by a 40-μL water droplet, the HPeD yields a potential window of 1.54 V within approximately 1 minute, further boosting to 1.86 V under external vertical pressure. The generated energy was greatly stored for up to 5.7 days. This all-solid-state device also inhibits electrolyte leakage during idle periods and controls reversible reactions to minimize corrosion, thereby extending its lifespan. Furthermore, the HPeD is successfully used as a piezoelectric nanogenerator/sensor that can operate continuously to detect external mechanical stimulus. This study paves the way for the advancement of next-generation flexible hybrid devices, capable of multifunctionality in both energy harvesting and sensing. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deterioration

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Fundamentals of Delay-Doppler Communications: Practical Implementation and Extensions to OTFS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Shuangyang Jung, Peter Yuan, Weijie Wei, Zhiqiang Yuan, Jinhong Bai, Baoming Caire, Giuseppe Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia State Key Lab. of ISN Xidian University Xi'An710071 China

The recently proposed orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, which is a typical Delay-Doppler (DD) communication scheme, has attracted significant attention thanks to its appealing performance over doublyselective channels. In this paper, we present the fundamentals of general DD communications from the viewpoint of the Zak transform. We start our study by constructing DD domain basis functions aligning with the time-frequency (TF)- consistency condition, which are globally quasi-periodic and locally twisted-shifted. We unveil that these features are translated to unique signal structures in both time and frequency, which are beneficial for communication purposes. Then, we focus on the practical implementations of DD Nyquist communications, where we show that rectangular windows achieve perfect DD orthogonality, while truncated periodic signals can obtain sufficient DD orthogonality. Particularly, smoothed rectangular window with excess bandwidth can result in a slightly worse orthogonality but better pulse localization in the DD domain. Furthermore, we present a practical pulse shaping framework for general DD communications and derive the corresponding input-output relation under various shaping pulses. Our numerical results agree with our derivations and also demonstrate advantages of DD communications over conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Pulse shaping

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