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Optimization and analysis of FPGA-based systolic array for matrix multiplication

AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2898卷

作者： Ahmad Husni Mohd Shapri Norazeani Abdul Rahman Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria Kiu Kwong Chieh Shakir Saat Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau 02600 Perlis Malaysia Centre of Telecommunication Research and Innovation Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 76100 Durian Tunggal Malaysia

Over the years, field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based accelerators have attracted interest and attention due to their performance and energy efficiency factors. This paper presents an optimized FPGA-based accelerator using a systolic array for matrix multiplication. In a systolic array, many identical processing elements (PEs) are arranged in a well-organized structure, and each PE is connected with the other PEs. The data will flow between neighboring elements in different directions synchronously. PE is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) with attached working registers and local memory. This paper coded the accelerator in Verilog and simulated using the Quartus Prime with PowerPlay Power Analyzer tool for power optimization. A 3-bit ALU has been implemented using the Synopsys electronic design automation (EDA) tool. The schematic diagram, layout and verification for a complete ALU design have been accomplished. This paper provides detailed results and analyses of the systolic array and ALU in power dissipation and area density based on method and circuit implementation. The results showed that the power consumption efficiency of the accelerator improved after optimization. Also, power dissipation and the area of 3-bit ALU are reduced by 0.2 mW and 4.55 % at the back-end, respectively.

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Low-Cost AiP Array Design Using Machine Learning for mmWave Mobile Systems

Low-Cost AiP Array Design Using Machine Learning for mmWave ...

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2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2021

作者： Nakmouche, Mohammed Farouk Idrees Magray, M. Allam, A.M.M.A. Fawzy, Diaa E. Lin, Ding Bing Tarng, Jenn-Hwan Izmir University of Economics Faculty of Engineering Izmir Turkey National Chiao Tung University Center For MmWave Smart Radar Systems And Technologies Hsinchu Taiwan German University In Cairo Department of Communication Engineering Cairo Egypt National Taiwan University of Science And Technology Department of Electronic And Computer Engineering Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789868478718

Based on low-cost PCB solution, an array antenna in packaging (AiP) dedicated for mmWave mobile systems is designed using machine learning. The proposed antenna operates at 28 GHz (26.5 - 29.5 GHz) with a gain ranging from 8 dB to 15 dB in the operating bandwidth. The development process of the proposed AiP is assisted by machine learning for prediction of the optimal radiating patch's length and width in terms of resonance frequency. © 2021 Taiwan Microwave Association.

关键词： Costs

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Sentiment Analysis on COVID-19 Twitter Data Streams Using Deep Belief Neural Networks

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Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022年 2022卷 8898100页

作者： Srikanth, Jatla Damodaram, Avula Teekaraman, Yuvaraja Kuppusamy, Ramya Thelkar, Amruth Ramesh Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Aurora's Technological And Research Institute TS Hyderabad500098 India Jntuh TS Hyderabad500085 India Department Of Electronic And Electrical Engineering The University Of Sheffield SheffieldS1 3JD United Kingdom Department Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam College Of Engineering Bangalore562106 India Faculty Of Electrical & Computer Engineering Jimma Institute Of Technology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia

Social media is Internet-based by design, allowing people to share content quickly via electronic means. People can openly express their thoughts on social media sites such as Twitter, which can then be shared with other people. During the recent COVID-19 outbreak, public opinion analytics provided useful information for determining the best public health response. At the same time, the dissemination of misinformation, aided by social media and other digital platforms, has proven to be a greater threat to global public health than the virus itself, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown. The public's feelings on social distancing can be discovered by analysing articulated messages from Twitter. The automated method of recognizing and classifying subjective information in text data is known as sentiment analysis. In this research work, we have proposed to use a combination of preprocessing approaches such as tokenization, filtering, stemming, and building N-gram models. Deep belief neural network (DBN) with pseudo labelling is used to classify the tweets. Top layers of the base classifiers are boosted in the pseudo labelling strategy, whereas lower levels of the base classifiers share weights for feature extraction. By introducing the pseudo boost mechanism, our suggested technique preserves the same time complexity as a DBN while achieving fast convergence to optimality. The pseudo labelling improves the performance of the classification. It extracts the keywords from the tweets with high precision. The results reveal that using the DBN classifier in conjunction with the bigram in the N-gram model outperformed other models by 90.3 percent. The proposed approach can also aid medical professionals and decision-makers in determining the best course of action for each location based on their views regarding the pandemic. © 2022 Jatla Srikanth et al.

关键词： COVID-19

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Stable optical beats between laser longitudinal modes for THz waves using chaotic supremacy 18

Stable optical beats between laser longitudinal modes for TH...

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Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave technology and Applications XVIII 2025

作者： Kuwashima, Fumiyoshi Jarrahi, Mona Cakmakyapan, Semih Wada, Kenji Haraguchi, Masanobu Kawakami, Yuki Moriyasu, Takeshi Morikawa, Osamu Kurihara, Kazuyoshi Kitahara, Hideaki Furuya, Takashi Nakajima, Makoto Tani, Masahiko Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fukui University of Technology 3-6-1 Gakuen Fukui910-8505 Japan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles 66-147E Engineering IV 420 Westwood Plaza Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics and Electronics Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuencho Naka-ku Osaka Sakai599-8531 Japan Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Science Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan Fukui College Geshi-Cho Sabae Fukui916-8507 Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui city910-8507 Japan Japan Coast Guard Academy Wakabacho 5-1 Hiroshima Kure737-8512 Japan School of Education University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui910-8507 Japan Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui910-8507 Japan Institute of Laser engineering Osaka Univ. 2-6 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684782

Efficiency of optical beats in a chaotically oscillating laser is confirmed comparing that of free running CW laser using a highly efficient plasmonic photomixer. Ultra-stability of optical beats with laser chaos continues down to the laser threshold level. The great potential of chaotically oscillating lasers is verified for THz systems. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Optical phase conjugation

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Adaptive PI-Fuzzy Like Control of a Stack Pneumatic Actuators Testbed for Multi-Configuration Small Scale Soft Robotics

Adaptive PI-Fuzzy Like Control of a Stack Pneumatic Actuator...

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International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS)

作者： Ammar K. Al Mhdawi Nick Wright Amjad J. Humaidi Ahmad Taher Azar Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle UK Edge Hill University UK ASSCL Lab Prince Sultan University KSA Control and Systems Engineering Department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq College of Computer & Information Sciences Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Egypt

It has become evident that pneumatic muscle-based robots are the most compliant of all soft and semi-soft robotic testbeds under investigation, despite the fact that the artificial muscle-based robot is the most challenging due to its hyperelastic behavior resulting from the constitutive elastic material. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of a physical pneumatic actuation testbed and the application of control strategies for precision small scale soft robotics control. Moreover, an adaptive PI-Fuzzy like control is proposed for reference signal tracking. It is imperative to note that in this application, the controller's performance is determined by its ability to track a reference signal as well as its ability to minimize the absolute tracking error. The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) controller, including the nature of the membership functions and the rule base, is described in detail. Simulations and hardware testing have revealed that the adaptive PI-Fuzzy like controller outperforms the traditional FLC controller in terms of experimental results. Additionally, the actuation speed is controlled under different loading conditions. It is considered that the proposed testbed is capable of controlling and managing multi-configurations of medium to small scale soft-based robots efficiently and effectively.

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Nearest-Better Network for Fitness Landscape Analysis of Continuous Optimization Problems

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年

作者： Diao, Yiya Li, Changhe Zeng, Sanyou Yang, Shengxiang Coello, Carlos A. Coello China University of Geosciences School of Automation Wuhan China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Wuhan China Anhui University of Sciences and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Hefei China China University of Geosciences School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information Wuhan China De Montfort University School of Computer Science and Informatics LeicesterLE1 9BH United Kingdom Department of Computer Science CINVESTAV-IPN 07360 Mexico Tecnologico de Monterrey Faculty of Excellence The School of Engineering and Sciences N.L. Monterrey Mexico

Fitness landscape analysis (FLA) is quite important in evolutionary computation. In this paper, we propose a novel FLA method, the nearest-better network (NBN), which uses the nearest-better relationship to simplify the original fitness landscape of continuous optimization problems. We introduce an efficient algorithm to calculate NBN for continuous problems. We also propose four numerical measurements and a 3D visualization method based on NBN. Experiments show that compared to the other main FLA methods, the four numerical measurements proposed here can effectively measure the four intended features: neutrality, ruggedness, modality, and basin of attraction, respectively, and common features of the fitness landscape can be maintained in 3D NBN visualization, regardless of the scale of the problem. NBN also provides a view of how algorithms search in high-dimensional problems with the help of the 3D NBN visualization. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Non-volatile optical switch based on Sb2Se3-loaded three-mode interference

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Optics letters 2025年第12期50卷 4022-4025页

作者： Xinxin Zhao Xiaolong Liu Yujiao Tao Lei Yang Kai Xu Hongtao Lin Peipeng Xu Wei Zhang Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detecting Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province Ningbo 315211 China The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronics and Smart System of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China

In this Letter, we propose a non-volatile switch based on multimode interference in an SbSe-loaded waveguide. By implementing low-loss phase control within a multimode interference coupler, this design effectively manages the self-imaging phase shift length during a single phase change cycle. The fabricated multiplexed optical switch exhibits impressive performance characteristics, including a low insertion loss of ∼ 1.5 dB, a compact length of ∼35 μm, and minimal cross talk below -6 dB over a 35 nm bandwidth for both the amorphous and crystalline states. The ability to reconfigure light routing via SbSe phase transitions opens new avenues for optical field-programmable gate arrays and high-density photonic processors.

关键词： Crosstalk Effective refractive index Field programmable gate arrays Multimode interference Optical neural systems Phase shift

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Data Identification Optimal Control for Quantized Linear Systems under DoS Attacks

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and electronic Systems 2025年

作者： Wang, Xianming Li, Liwei Shen, Mouquan Zhao, Xudong Wang, Qing-Guo Zhu, Zheng Hong Nanjing Tech University School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing211816 China Nanjing Tech University College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing211816 China Dalian University of Technology Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Dalian116024 China Beijing Normal University Institute of Ai and Future Networks Zhuhai519087 China BNU-HKBU United International College Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Irads Department of Computer Science Zhuhai519087 China York University Department of Mechanical Engineering TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada

This paper is devoted to data identification optimal control for quantized linear systems under denial of service (DoS) attacks. A least-squares algorithm is provided to identify the unknown system matrices using a data-based representation. An output estimation algorithm utilizing identified matrices is supplied to offset DoS attacks. Consequently, an optimal controller is built on the quantized and attacked data by adaptive dynamic programming. Sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee that the resultant closed-loop system is ultimately uniformly bounded. An example is produced to verify the validity of the proposed approach. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Optimal control systems

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HfO2-Blue Phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide hybrid structure-based surface plasmon optical refractometric sensor with multiple light source for rapid novel coronavirus detection

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Optik 2025年 322卷

作者： Emon, Wahiduzzaman Rafsan, Ahmed Afif Nayan, Md. Faysal Mahmud, Russel Reza Hai, Nguyen Hoang Hossain, Md. Anwar Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille Université 163 Avenue de Luminy Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Marseille13288 France Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology 141-142 Love Road Tejgaon Industrial Area Dhaka1208 Bangladesh Metropolitan University Bateshwar Sylhet3104 Bangladesh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McGill University MontréalQuébec Canada Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1 Dai Co Viet Road Hanoi10000 Viet Nam Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Rupnagar Mirpur-2 Dhaka1216 Bangladesh

This paper presents a novel hybrid multilayered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor composed of CaF2/TiO2/Ag/HfO2/BP-MoS2 for rapid and precise detection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Utilizing the angular probe attenuation total reflection (ATR) technique, the sensor detects changes in the refractive index (RI) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resulting from interactions between varying ligand-analyte concentrations. Functionalized with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as probe ligands and the virus spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as the analyte, the sensor enables specific binding that increases concentration in the sensing region, leading to a shift in RI and the SPR angle, thereby affecting the reflectance level. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using numerical analysis techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) and the transfer matrix method (TMM), demonstrating high sensitivity with an angular shift of 412.7972 degrees per refractive index unit (RIU), detection accuracy of 0.3916 degrees per degree, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 161.6627 RIU−1. The multilayered sensor swiftly detects the COVID-19 virus with exceptional angular sensitivity and has been validated for use with a range of biological components within the RI range of 1.20 to 1.35. The study also discusses compatibility with various light sources and potential production techniques with fabrication tolerance, making it broadly applicable for virus detection and advanced biosensing technologies. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH

关键词： Transfer matrix method

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Self-centering characteristics of a petal-shaped capsule robot

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 619-627页

作者： ZHANG YongShun CHEN Jun ZHANG Yu MENG Kang Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Dalian University of Technology

Based on the multiple wedge effects, a petal-shaped capsule robot(PCR) is proposed, and the self-centering phenomenon of the PCR is discovered. For investigating the self-centering characteristics, an innovative concept of the instantaneous fluid membrane(FM) thickness, along with the dynamic FM thickness, is proposed; thus a dynamic FM thickness model and a hydrodynamic pressure(HP) model are derived when the PCR axis deviates from the pipe axis under the effect of gravity. A kinematics equation during suspending process in the vertical direction and a swimming kinematics equation in axial direction are derived respectively. Four capsule robots with different eccentricities of the tiles were manufactured and tested, the theoretical and experimental results show that the HP gradient is a fundamental reason for the self-centering phenomenon. The PCR with the self-centering ability can directly avoid the contact with the bottom of the gastrointestinal(GI) tract, achieving the excellent obstacle surmounting ability in the GI complex environment with the less twisted impact on the GI tract, which has a promising application prospect in the GI diagnosis.

关键词： petal-shaped capsule robot self-centering characteristics multiple wedge effects complete suspension phenomenon

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