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14th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, SCIA 2005

作者： Payne, Janet S. Stonham, John Centre for Applied Computing Faculty of Technology Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College High Wycombe HP11 2JZ United Kingdom Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel University Uxbridge UB8 3PH United Kingdom

Images are being produced and made available in ever increasing numbers;but how can we find images "like this one" that are of interest to us? Many different systems have been developed which offer content-based image retrieval (CBIR), using low-level features such as colour, texture and shape;but how can the retrieval performance of such systems be measured? We have produced a perceptually-derived ranking of similar images using the Brodatz textures image dataset, based on a human study, which can be used to benchmark retrieval performance. In this paper, we show how a "mental map" may be derived from individual judgements to provide a scale of psychological distance, and a visual indication of image similarity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Image analysis

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A boundary meshless method for transient Eddy current analysis

A boundary meshless method for transient Eddy current analys...

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International Conference on Magnetics (INTERMAG)

作者： Yong Zhang K.R. Shao Youguang Guo J.D. Lavers College of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Faculty of Engineering University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada

A boundary meshless method (BMLM) for transient analysis was presented. This method combined a point interpolation method for construction of spatial shape functions for the governing equations. The spatial shape functions satisfied the Kronecker delta function and the essential boundary condition can be directly imposed on the boundary. Eddy current distribution and eddy current density on symmetry axis were also given using the proposed method. The results all proved that BMLM is an effective technique to analyze the transient eddy current problems.

关键词： Transient analysis Eddy currents Shape Interpolation Equations Boundary conditions Magnetic fields Magnetic analysis Educational institutions Australia

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Multiple packet recirculation in an optical buffer using a crosspoint switch

Multiple packet recirculation in an optical buffer using a c...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： R. Geldenhuys N. Chi Z. Wang I. Tafur Monroy T. Koonen H.J.S. Dorren F.W. Leuschner G.D. Khoe S. Yu Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Bristol UK COBRA Research Institute Faculty of Electrical Engineering Eindhovan University of Technology Netherlands

Multiple recirculations through an optical buffer using a fast-reconfigurable AVC based crosspoint switch matrix is shown. A 10 Gbit/s payload is used and a small power penalty for each additional recirculation is ach... 详细信息

关键词： Optical buffering Optical packet switching Optical switches Optical waveguides Packet switching Optical crosstalk Optical refraction Optical variables control Fabrics Optical fiber polarization

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SOFTLY SWITCHED MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 76-81页

作者： Jingsong Wang Michal Grochowski Mietek A. Brdys School of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-952 Gdansk Poland

This paper presents a new approach to soft switching between two model predictive controllers. The motivation for this work comes from the control of large scale hierarchical systems where different operating scenario asking for different control objective makes a single model predictive controller (MPC) unsuitable. The proposed soft switching approach shows much better switching performance both in system output and control input than the traditional hard switching. The stability of the designed soft switching process is analysed and sufficient conditions for stability are derived. Numerical examples with simulation results show that the proposed approach can be useful in practical applications.

关键词： predictive control discrete-time systems constraints stability analysis supervisory control sequential switching

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Speeding-up normalized neural networks for face/object detection

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Machine Graphics and Vision 2005年第1期14卷 29-59页

作者： El-Bakry, Hazem M. Zhao, Qiangfu University of Aizu Aizu Wakamatsu 965-8580 Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems Mansoura University Egypt Multimedia Device Laboratory University of Aizu Japan Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Department of Electronic Engineering Tohoku University of Japan University of Aizu of Japan

Finding an object or a face in an input image is a search problem in the spatial domain. Neural networks have shown good results in detecting a certain face/object in a given image. In this paper, faster neural networks for face/object detection are presented. Such networks are designed based on cross correlation in the frequency domain between the input image and the input weights of neural networks. This approach is developed to reduce the computation steps required by these faster neural networks for the search process. The principle of divide and conquer strategy is applied through image decomposition. Each image is divided into small-size sub-images, and then each of them is tested separately using a single faster neural network. Furthermore, the fastest face/object detection is achieved using parallel processing techniques to test the resulting sub-images simultaneously using the same number of faster neural networks. In contrast to using faster neural networks only, the speed-up ratio is increased with the size of the input image when using faster neural networks and image decomposition. Moreover, the problem of local subimage normalization in the frequency domain is solved. The effect of image normalization on the speed-up ratio for face/object detection is discussed. Simulation results show that local subimage normalization through weight normalization is faster than subimage normalization in the spatial domain. The overall speed-up ratio of the detection process is increased as the normalization of weights is carried out off line.

关键词： Face recognition

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Hierarchical model predictive control of integrated quality and quantity in drinking water distribution systems

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Urban Water Journal 2005年第2期2卷 125-137页

作者： Duzinkiewicz, K. Brdys, M. A. Chang, T. Department of Control Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Automatic Control Gdánsk University of Technology. G. Narutowicza 11/12 Gdánsk 80-952 Poland Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

An integrated approach to control of quantity and quality in water supply and distribution systems is proposed. The integrated control consists in optimising the operational cost, meeting a demand on water of desired quality and maintaining the system constraints. This constrained optimising control problem is complex due to nonlinearities, large dimension, output constraints, mixed-integer structure of the variables involved, at least two time scales in the system dynamics and an uncertainty. A sub-optimal two-level hierarchical control structure is proposed that allows incorporating the desired controller functions and yet making the synthesis of these functions possible. The algorithms for implementing the functionalities are proposed and discussed. Detail design of the lower level controller is presented and investigated. The controller performance is validated by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Bounding method Chlorine residuals Constraints Predictive control Transport delay Uncertain dynamic systems Water quality control

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Low-Complexity Diversity Enhanced OFDM for Wireless Communications

Low-Complexity Diversity Enhanced OFDM for Wireless Communic...

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IEEE Region 10 International Conference TENCON

作者： K. Sathananthan C. R. N. Athaudage School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Australia ARC Special Research Center for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks (CUBIN) Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne Australia

We propose a low complexity frequency diversity technique for OFDM to improve its error performance in a frequency-selective wireless channel. Recently, linear precoding has been proposed to achieve frequency diversity (multipath diversity) in OFDM, which overcomes the problem of channel nulls (deep fades in frequency-domain). However, currently reported precoding techniques for OFDM have high computational complexity due to associated maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding or pseudo-inverse of large matrices (linear decoding). In the proposed diversity enhanced-OFDM (DE-OFDM), the decoding complexity is minimal as maximum ratio combining (MRC) is incorporated at the receiver to generate a decision variable for each repeatedly transmitted symbol over multiple subcarriers. Moreover, we show that DE-OFDM does not cause any effective data rate (throughput) loss as DE-OFDM using a higher-order modulation scheme (thus the same data rate as conventional OFDM) can provide a better error performance. Both analytical and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of DE-OFDM in achieving frequency diversity benefit with low receiver complexity in multipath (frequency-selective) channels. DE-OFDM also outperforms the previously proposed ICI self-cancellation schemes in a frequency-selective fading channel with small frequency offset error.

关键词： Wireless communication Frequency diversity Diversity reception Maximum likelihood decoding Computational complexity Throughput OFDM modulation Performance loss Analytical models Frequency-selective fading channels

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Design of an optimal fuzzy controller for antilock braking systems

Design of an optimal fuzzy controller for antilock braking s...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： A. Mirzaei M. Moallem B. Mirzaeian B. Fahimi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas Arlington USA Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Isfahan University Isfahan Iran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas Arlington TX USA

Antilock braking systems (ABS) have been developed to improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. The objective of such control is to increase wheel tractive force in the desired direction while maintaining adequate vehicle stability and steerability and also reducing the vehicle stopping distance. In this paper, an optimized fuzzy controller is proposed for antilock braking systems. The objective function is defined to maintain wheel slip to a desired level so that maximum wheel tractive force and maximum vehicle deceleration are obtained. All components of fuzzy system are optimized using genetic algorithms. The error based global optimization approach is used for fast convergence near optimum point. Simulation results show fast convergence and good performance of the controller for different road conditions.

关键词： Fuzzy control Fuzzy systems Optimal control Control systems Wheels Convergence Road vehicles Force control Stability Genetic algorithms

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Properties of a room temperature Terahertz detection array

Properties of a room temperature Terahertz detection array

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30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz electronics, 2005. IRMMW-THz 2005

作者： Klaassen, T.O. Adam, A.J.L. Kasalynas, I. Hovenier, J.N. Pandraud, G. Iordanov, V.P. Sarro, P.M. Kavli Institute of NanoScience Delft Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5046 2600 GA Delft Netherlands Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology P. Box 5031 2600 GA Delft Delft Institute of Microelectronics and Submicron Technology DIMES Electronic Components Technology and Materials Lab. Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5053 2600 GB Delft Netherlands Health Care Devices and Instrumentation Philips Research Prof. Holstlaan 4 5656 AA Eindhoven Netherlands

An 8×8 pixel array has been designed and fabricated for broadband THz detection. Each pixel consists of a 500×500 μm thin film absorber on a SiN membrane with thermopile temperature readout. The expected pe... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0780393481

关键词： Antenna arrays

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Effects of speaker normalization based on vocal tract length ratios on word recognition using compound parameters

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Systems and computers in Japan 2005年第12期36卷 51-62页

作者： Ikeda, Naomitsu Sakata, Tadashi Hirayama, Tomoaki Ueda, Yuichi Watanabe, Akira Yatsushiro National College of Technology Yatsushiro 866-8501 Japan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Kumamoto Prefectural College of Technology Kumamoto 869-1102 Japan Department of Information and Electronic Engineering Yatsushiro National College of Technology Acoustic Society of Japan Video Information Media Society Department of Computer Science Acoustic Society of Japan Panasonic Communications Co. Department of Computer Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Prefectural College of Technology

This paper describes effectiveness in applying speaker normalization based on a vocal tract length ratio between two speakers to spoken word recognition. One of the two speakers is a speaker who utters unknown words to be recognized and the other is a standard speaker. The vocal tract length ratio between them is estimated, by using the method we proposed previously, from formant trajectories of the same words uttered by them. Speech parameters of the speaker for recognition are normalized into those of the standard speaker's vocal tract length by the estimated ratio. Speech recognition system in this research is featured by making use of compound parameters. When recognizing words uttered by diverse speakers in terms of age and sex using a phoneme template of a mixed speaker set (adults and children), the recognition rates after normalization are somewhat higher than those using advantageous templates constructed from the respective sets of adults and children without normalization. The same tendency is observed for both a single parameter and compound parameters. Thus, it is verified that the proposed normalization method is effective in recognition when speakers are unknown in age and sex. In addition, it is seen that the use of compound parameters is very effective regardless of whether or not vocal tract length ratio normalization is applied. When the IPA 5000-word dictionary is used, the recognition rate is improved by approximately 7% or more by the use of compound parameters compared to the case of a single parameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Speech recognition

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