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Wireless modulation classification based on Radon transform and convolutional neural networks

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第5期14卷 6263-6272页

作者： Ghanem, Hanan S. Al-Makhlasawy, Rasha M. El-Shafai, Walid Elsabrouty, Maha Hamed, Hesham F. A. Salama, Gerges M. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Minia University Minia61111 Egypt Department of Computers and Systems Electronics Research Institute Cairo Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Engineering Egyptian-Russian University Cairo Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are efficient tools for pattern recognition applications. They have found applications in wireless communication systems such as modulation classification from constellation diagrams. Unfortunately, noisy channels may render the constellation points deformed and scattered, which makes the classification a difficult task. This paper presents an efficient modulation classification algorithm based on CNNs. Constellation diagrams are generated for each modulation type and used for training and testing of the CNNs. The proposed work depends on the application of Radon Transform (RT) to generate more representative patterns for the constellation diagrams to be used for training and testing. The RT has a good ability to represent discrete points in the spatial domain as curved lines. Several pre-trained networks including AlexNet, VGG-16, and VGG-19 are used as classifiers for modulation type from the spatial-domain constellation diagrams or their RTs. Several simulation experiments are presented in this paper to compare different scenarios for modulation classification at different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and fading channel conditions. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Fading channels

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A Wideband 4X4 Patch Array Antenna With Low Sidelobes for Radar-Based Obstacle Detection in Railway Transportation

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2025年第3期6卷 774-788页

作者： Phakaew, Thipamas Pongthavornkamol, Tiwat Torrungrueng, Danai Dallmann, Thomas Chalermwisutkul, Suramate National Science and Technology Development Agency National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Pathum Thani12120 Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Technical Education Bangkok10800 Thailand Ilmenau University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Ilmenau98693 Germany King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering Bangkok10800 Thailand Rwth Aachen University Institute of High Frequency Technology Aachen52074 Germany

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a 4W4 patch array antenna for radar-based obstacle detection systems in railway transportation. Sidelobe suppression is achieved through amplitude tapering of sub-array elements in the E-plane and asymmetric power dividers in the feed network for the H-plane. The array antenna is framed by a coplanar ground conductor to further reduce sidelobes and fed by a coplanar waveguide port for enhanced impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna offers an impedance bandwidth from 9.13 GHz to 9.76 GHz (6.3%) and a broadside gain of 18.15 dBi at the center frequency of 9.55 GHz. Sidelobe suppression exceeds 12.22 dB and 19.06 dB in the E-and H-plane, respectively. The 3-dB beamwidth is 17° in the E-plane and 16° in the H-plane with simulated radiation efficiency of 85%. A prototype was fabricated and measured, with sensitivity analysis conducted to assess performance variations due to fabrication tolerances and measurement fixture effects. To validate system performance, antenna prototypes were integrated into a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar system and tested in a realistic railway environment. The system successfully detected a truck crossing a railway track at approximately 1,260 meters, confirming the antenna's suitability for radar-based obstacle detection in railway transportation. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Obstacle detectors

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Secure beamforming designs for maximizing secrecy sum rate in MISO-NOMA networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第1期11卷 83-91页

作者： Yanbo Zhang Zheng Yang Jingjing Cui Xianfu Lei Yi Wu Jun Zhang Chao Fang Zhiguo Ding College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China School of Electronics and Computer Science University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Mobile Communications Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In this paper,the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential *** support secure transmissions from legitimate users,two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit Beam Forming(NOMA-SSR-TBF)schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station(BS)with sufficient and insufficient transmit *** BS with sufficient transmit power,an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate *** addition,for BS with insufficient transmit power,a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate *** specifically,iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial *** results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works,such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme,the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.

关键词： NOMA Secure transmission Artificial jamming Beamforming design

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Machine Learning-Based Calibration Approaches for Single-Beam and Multiple-Beam Distance Sensors

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第1期24卷 975-983页

作者： Syu, Jia-Hao Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Biernacki, Piotr Ziebinski, Adam National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Distributed Systems and Informatic Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland

Sensors are the foundation to facilitate smart cities, smart grids, and smart transportation, and distance sensors are especially important for sensing the environment and gathering information. Researchers have developed various methods to calibrate distance sensors;however, they mainly focus on using external information for calibration, which is inefficient and computationally expensive. To alleviate the above problems, we propose machine learning (ML)-based calibration approaches for distance sensors. We develop two calibration mechanisms, where the naive mechanism directly predicts the true distance, while the residual mechanism predicts the residual for calibration. The conventional ML regression algorithms are then adopted to predict the true distance or calibration residual. Experimental results show that the designed residual calibration mechanism outperforms the naive mechanism by reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 92.2% and mean absolute error (MAE) by 93.3% in the fitting task. In prediction, the proposed 2-D-residual mechanism achieves an improvement of 78.6% and 65.7% compared to the state-of-the-art method. The experimental results show the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed ML-based calibration method, especially for the 2-D mechanism, which achieves the highest robustness in all fitting and prediction tasks. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Calibration

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A New Hybrid Model for Segmentation of the Skin Lesion Based on Residual Attention U-Net

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5177-5192页

作者： Saleh Naif Almuayqil Reham Arnous Noha Sakr Magdy M.Fadel Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Department of Communications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology(DHIET)MansouraEgypt Computers Engineering and Control Systems Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt

Skin segmentation participates significantly in various biomedical applications,such as skin cancer identification and skin lesion *** paper presents a novel framework for segmenting the *** framework contains two main stages:The first stage is for removing different types of noises from the dermoscopic images,such as hair,speckle,and impulse noise,and the second stage is for segmentation of the dermoscopic images using an attention residual U-shaped Network(U-Net).The framework uses variational Autoencoders(VAEs)for removing the hair noises,the Generative Adversarial Denoising Network(DGAN-Net),the Denoising U-shaped U-Net(D-U-NET),and Batch Renormalization U-Net(Br-U-NET)for remov-ing the speckle noise,and the Laplacian Vector Median Filter(MLVMF)for removing the impulse *** the second main stage,the residual attention u-net was used for *** framework achieves(35.11,31.26,27.01,and 26.16),(36.34,33.23,31.32,and 28.65),and(36.33,32.21,28.54,and 27.11)for removing hair,speckle,and impulse noise,respectively,based on Peak Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR)at the level of(0.1,0.25,0.5,and 0.75)of *** framework also achieves an accuracy of nearly 94.26 in the dice score in the process of segmentation before removing noise and 95.22 after removing different types of *** experiments have shown the efficiency of the used model in removing noise according to the structural similarity index measure(SSIM)and PSNR and in the segmentation process as well.

关键词： Skin tumor speckle noise impulse noise hair noise deep learning segmentation

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Investigation of Standard Test Condition Requirement in Establishing Alternative Measurement Platform for Photovoltaic Cell 4

Investigation of Standard Test Condition Requirement in Esta...

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4th International Conference on Science, engineering, and technology, ICSET 2024

作者： Amran, Nik Fatin Qistina Zulkifli, Wan Nur Ainna Amirah Wan Jaalam, Norazila Arith, Faiz Shah, Ahmad Syahiman Mohd Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gambang Kuantan Pahang 26300 Malaysia Faculty of Electronics & Computer Technology & Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Durian Tunggal76100 Malaysia

The output characteristics of any solar modules or solar cells are typically assessed according to the standard requirements known as Standard Test Conditions (STC). To meet the STC requirement before commercializing products, manufacturers must subject every fabricated solar cell or module to various tests. These tests include conducting current-voltage characteristics under specific conditions: a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2, a cell temperature of 25°C, and an air mass (AM) of 1.5. This study investigates this STC requirements for developing an alternative measurement platform for photovoltaic cells, specifically focusing on current-voltage characterization of solar cells. Utilizing calibrated photovoltaic cells, the optimal angles for Air Mass 1.0 and 1.5 was identified to be 48.2° and 41.8° respectively. Main methodology was segregated in three stages: first, correlating solar irradiance and illuminance under different light conditions, both outdoor and indoor;second, designing a system with a cooling device to stabilize cell temperature at 25°C;and third, developing a platform to meet AM 1.0 and 1.5 requirements. Results demonstrated varying irradiance outputs for sunlight, halogen lamps, and LED Grow Lights, with the latter achieving 810.2 W/m2 under AM 1.5. The study also established optimal voltage and current settings for temperature stabilization, achieving 25°C in 3 minutes. Although the proposed solar simulator design did not reach the targeted 1000 W/m2, it offers a feasible low-cost alternative for small-scale applications. The research underscores the technical viability of developing cost-effective solar simulators that meet STC requirements, despite challenges in achieving high irradiance levels with LEDs. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar irradiance

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Leveraging AI to Unlock the Potential of Data Science 15

Leveraging AI to Unlock the Potential of Data Science

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15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Yadav, Rakesh Kumar Sudhamsu, Gadug Goyal, Manish Kumar Yuvaraj, S. Deshpande, Leena A. Maharishi University of Information Technology Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology Uttar Pradesh India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karnataka Bangalore India Vivekananda Global University Department of Computer Science & Application Jaipur India Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Chennai127 India Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Department of Computer Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

The application of synthetic Intelligence (AI) to records science has spread out a massive array of new possibilities. Via the combination of advanced evaluation strategies, effective understanding-pushed system gaining knowledge of algorithms, and modern computing architectures, AI is allowing researchers to quick and as it should be discover insights from huge and complicated datasets. Furthermore, AI tools are offering corporations with the ability to make higher and more knowledgeable choices from the evaluation of hundreds of thousands of statistics points. The skills of information technology powered by means of AI are revolutionizing industries which includes healthcare, finance, and manufacturing-producing savings, uncovering efficiencies, and identifying new opportunities. As AI-driven records technology maintains to strengthen, organizations that capitalize on its ability stand to gain precious insights and unlock new degrees of overall performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart manufacturing

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Comparison of *** and Spring Boot in Web Development 15

Comparison of *** and Spring Boot in Web Development

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15th International Conference on electronics, computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023

作者： Novac, Ovidiu Constantin Ghiurau, David Novac, Mihaela Cornelia Gordan, Cornelia Emilia Oproescu, Mihai Bujdoso, Gyongyi Mihalca, Vlad Ovidiu University of Oradea Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Department of Computers and Information Technology Oradea Romania University of Oradea Management in Information Technology Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Oradea Romania University of Oradea Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Department of Electrical Engineering Oradea Romania University of Oradea Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Oradea Romania University of Pitesti Faculty of Electronics Communication and Computer Science Department of Electronics Computers and Electrical Engineering Pitesti Romania University of Debrecen Faculty of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Library and Information Science Debrecen Hungary School of Engineering Sciences University of Oradea Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Oradea Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321388

In this paper we present two types of server implementation, we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. *** server application, built with ***, a single threaded server which will treat the requests in an asynchronous manner, with a non-blocking principle, whilst Spring Boot is a more robust and more common approach of a server technology with the benefits of having a strongly typed architecture and multiple threads available. These types of application will behave the same, making almost impossible to tell the difference between a *** and a Spring Boot web server. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Node.Js non-blocking single-multi threaded Spring Boot web server

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AI and IoT in Energy Conservation: Challenges, Opportunities, and Trends 12

AI and IoT in Energy Conservation: Challenges, Opportunities...

引用

12th Iranian Conference on Renewable Energies and Distributed Generation, ICREDG 2025

作者： Shirinabadi, Parisa Bonab, Amirreza Samadi Siddiqui, Khadim Moin University of Tabriz Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tabriz Iran S.R. Institute of Management & Technology Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department Lucknow India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525132

The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have paved the way for innovative solutions to address global energy challenges. This paper explores the integration of AI and IoT in energy conservation, focusing on their combined potential to optimize energy consumption, enhance system efficiency, and support sustainable development. AI-driven predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms enable accurate energy demand forecasting and real-time decision-making, while IoT devices facilitate seamless data collection, monitoring, and control of energy systems. The synergy of these technologies has been instrumental in transforming energy management across various sectors, including smart grids, industrial automation, and smart buildings. However, their adoption comes with significant challenges, such as data security, interoperability, and the high cost of deployment. This review discusses the current state of AI and IoT in energy conservation, identifies key challenges, highlights emerging opportunities, and examines future trends, such as the role of blockchain and edge computing in decentralized energy systems. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research and collaboration to unlock the full potential of AI and IoT in creating sustainable energy solutions. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Image Classification Method to Identify Mature Coconut 3

Image Classification Method to Identify Mature Coconut

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3rd International Conference on Image Processing and Robotics, ICIPRoB 2024

作者： Adikaram, K.K.L.B. Senevirathna, A.M.N.N. Wijesinghe, W.P.P.M. Premachandra, Chinthaka University of Ruhuna Computer Unit Faculty of Agriculture Sri Lanka Shibaura Institute of Technology Department of Electronics Engineering Japan University of Wayamba Department of Biosystems Engineering Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374766

This study focuses on developing an automated image classification method to identify mature coconuts, a critical phase in coconut harvesting. By emulating the technique of expert coconut pickers who assess color and texture, our goal is to revolutionize the industry, enhancing efficiency, reducing labor costs, and mitigating environmental impact. The preliminary model developed using Teachable Machine an established image classification software tool showed highly promising results in the identification of mature coconuts. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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