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New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2749-2767页

作者： Shimaa M.Amer Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Amr H.Hussein Salman A.Alqahtani Mostafa H.Dahshan Hossam M.Kassem Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKafr ElsheikhEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHorus University EgyptNew DamiettaEgypt Department of Computer Engineering College of computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW2795Australia

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to ***,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar *** study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction *** techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,*** convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element *** M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,*** the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher *** the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the ***,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the ***,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is *** this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation *** provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

关键词： Array synthesis convolution process genetic algorithm(GA) half power beamwidth(HPBW) linear antenna array(LAA) side lobe level(SLL) quality of service(QOS)

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Innovative fuzzy logic type 3 controller for transient and maximum power point tracking in hydrogen fuel cells

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2024年 143卷 833-845页

作者： Doğan, Serhat Haydaroğlu, Cem Gümüş, Bilal Mohammadzadeh, Ardashir Dicle University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Diyarbakır21280 Turkey Sakarya University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sakarya54050 Turkey

This study introduces an advanced Fuzzy Logic Type 3 (FLT3) controller for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), aiming to optimize Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) under dynamically varying temperature conditions. The FLT3 controller advances fuzzy logic control by incorporating an additional layer of uncertainty modelling, which enhances its ability to manage the inherent nonlinearities in PEMFC systems, such as temperature fluctuations and gas pressure variations. The controller is developed and validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, using a refined rule based on mechanism with finely tuned membership functions for precise adaptation to changing conditions. When compared to traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Fuzzy Logic Type 2 (FLT2) controllers, the FLT3 controller demonstrates superior performance by achieving faster sitting times, minimizing power fluctuations, and maintaining operation closer to the nominal power point, particularly under transient conditions for hydrogen-based fuel cell. This innovative approach significantly improves the efficiency and stability of PEMFC systems, marking a substantial advancement in their operational management. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： MATLAB

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Adaptive algorithm for controlling the power management system on offshore jack-up drilling rigs

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Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 2024年第1期46卷 16717-16737页

作者： Cemeljic, Hrvoje Havelka, Juraj Jeremic, Aleksandar Kuzle, Igor Department of Energy and Power Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

The power systems of offshore jack-up drilling rigs consist of diesel generators running in parallel load-sharing mode, controlled by an automatic Power Management System (PMS). In this paper, the operational performance of the diesel generators (DG) and the PMS on a jack-up drilling rig is investigated, focusing on two critical offshore drilling operations: "pipe tripping" and "pulling/pumping out of the hole" (POOH). During these operations, large power swings occur in the system, subjecting the DGs to sudden load surges. These severe imbalances in the system cause the PMS to intermittently start and stop the engines throughout the operation, leading to various problematic conditions in the power plant. The paper provides a novel solution for intermittent starting and stopping of the DGs in the form of development and implementation of an adaptive PMS algorithm, a mathematical model of the system and a machine learning approach to event prediction of PMS operation in offshore drilling. Research demonstrates a noteworthy decrease in intermittent DG starting and stopping when the adaptive algorithm is implemented, with a 96% reduction during pipe tripping and an 87% reduction during POOH. This improvement comes at the expense of an 11% increase in engine running hours and a 1.5% rise in fuel consumption. Furthermore, by configuring the adaptive algorithm to economy mode, savings of up to 1700 liters of fuel per month are achievable. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Adaptive algorithms

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Classification of human target movements behind walls using multi-channel range-doppler images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期83卷 56021-56038页

作者： Acar, Yunus Emre Ucar, Kursad Saritas, Ismail Yaldiz, Ercan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Technology Selcuk University Konya42075 Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Konya Technical University Konya Turkey

Range-Doppler images represent one of the most informative radar data forms, providing range and frequency information. This study explores the performance of machine learning and deep learning techniques in classifying human activities behind walls using Range-Doppler images. Therefore, we input the HOG features of Range-Doppler images into various machine-learning approaches. Although the HOG feature enhances the performance of machine learning methods, we observe the superior performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures in a more complex scenario in which the number of target activity classes is higher. To obtain sufficient data for the CNN architecture, we combine the Uniform Linear Array (ULA) and stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) structures, enabling the acquisition of multi-channel data. The experimental results demonstrate both the improvement of the machine learning accuracy from 95.33% to 98.67% through the HOG + Range-Doppler approach and an approximately 6% enhancement in CNN performance achieved through the SFCW-ULA combination. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Chaos-based optimization for load frequency control in Islanded airport microgrids with hydrogen energy and electric aircraft

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 143卷 1198-1214页

作者： Haydaroğlu, Cem Dicle University Engineering Faculty Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Sur Diyarbakır21280 Turkey

This study explores the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen energy into an airport microgrid (AMG) model to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. A novel two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative (2DOF-PID) controller is designed to regulate energy demands, and its parameters are optimized using the Chaos-based Blood sucking Leech Optimization (CB-BSLO) algorithm. The system is evaluated under five scenarios using four controllers (PI, PID, 2DOF-PI, and 2DOF-PID) and four optimization algorithms (WOA, MGO, ANT, and CB-BSLO). Simulation results demonstrate that the CB-BSLO-optimized 2DOF-PID controller achieves superior performance with significantly reduced error metrics across all scenarios, including low and high RES conditions and parameter uncertainty cases. For instance, under low RES conditions, ITAE and ISE values were minimized to 2.065 and 6.478, respectively, while maintaining system stability. Moreover, surplus renewable energy was efficiently converted into hydrogen via water electrolysis and utilized for energy storage and on-demand power generation, leading to a substantial reduction in carbon emissions. The findings highlight that the CB-BSLO algorithm outperforms other methods by 20–50% in terms of ITAE and ISE metrics, ensuring faster stabilization and improved energy efficiency. This research offers a sustainable and robust solution for integrating renewable energy and hydrogen storage into critical microgrid systems, particularly in the aviation sector, while addressing global challenges such as energy security and climate change. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Hydrogen storage

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A Multilevel Boost DC-DC Converter With MPPT Algorithm For The Rooftop PV System Of The Urban Railway Nhon - Hanoi Station

Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

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Journal of Applied Science and engineering 2025年第11期28卷 2127-2138页

作者： Cuong, Tran Hung Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Thuyloi University Viet Nam Department of Electrical Engineering University of Transport and Communications Viet Nam

Photovoltaic generators constantly change their maximum power point (MPP) because solar radiation and temperature at different times of the day are always different. The boost DC-DC converter used in energy conversion is controlled when solar radiation and environmental temperature changes are complex. These difficulties make it challenging to design control laws. Fast and reliable step-up DC-DC converters face many obstacles when applied in the field of high-capacity urban trains, causing the current quality of the conversion process to be limited. This paper proposes a multilevel boost DC-DC converter based on MMC configuration, applying the PWM modulation method and INC maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. MMC boost DC-DC converter can provide an N times conversion ratio and has a much lower operating frequency than conventional Boost Converter. The process of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed converter configuration and the algorithm is performed on Matlab/Simulink software, and the output parameters of the conversion process are compared with a conventional Boost DC-DC converter based on published analyses. © The Author(’s).

关键词： MATLAB

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Optimization of a hybrid microgrid for a small hotel using renewable energy and EV charging with a quadratic interpolation beluga whale algorithm

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Neural computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3973-4008页

作者： Güven, Aykut Fatih Hassan, Mohamed H. Kamel, Salah Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Engineering Faculty Yalova University Yalova Turkey Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy Cairo Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Aswan University Aswan Egypt

This study explores the optimization of a hybrid microgrid designed to meet the energy needs of a small hotel and four electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. In light of growing EV adoption, the research highlights the importance of vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle integration in enhancing grid stability and supporting EV infrastructure. Numerical results demonstrate that the quadratic interpolation beluga whale optimization (QIBWO) algorithm performs exceptionally well in terms of accuracy and robustness across seven benchmark functions. The study also employs advanced stochastic metaheuristic optimization algorithms to maximize system efficiency and sustainability. At the core of this optimized energy system is a hybrid microgrid tailored to the hotel’s specific load demands while powering four strategically placed EV charging stations. The system integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), and a battery energy storage system (BESS), carefully calibrated to balance energy production, storage, and consumption. The research prioritizes renewable energy and uses various metaheuristic algorithms to find the most cost-effective and technically feasible configuration. Notably, the QIBWO algorithm led to optimal capacities for PV (139.8515 kW), WT (175.0837 kW), and BESS (88.38023 kW), resulting in an annual system cost of $41,867.04, a total net present cost of $679,983.97, a loss of power supply probability (LPSP) of 0.001119%, and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.05333/kWh. The system’s renewable sources covered 95.81% of the hotel’s energy needs, significantly reducing dependence on conventional energy, with a grid contribution factor (GCF) of just 4.19%. The results emphasize the effectiveness of integrating renewable energy to meet substantial energy demands, including powering the EV charging stations. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis further confirmed the robustness of the system, laying the groundwork for future advancements in micro

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Wavelength division multiplexing techniques based on multi transceiver in low earth orbit intersatellite systems

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Journal of Optical Communications 2024年第1期45卷 125-135页

作者： Alatwi, Aadel M. Zaki Rashed, Ahmed Nabih El-Gammal, Eman Mohsen Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tabuk University Tabuk Saudi Arabia Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32951 Egypt

System performance, which depends on the data transmission rates and propagation distances between two satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques, is thoroughly studied. This study demonstrates the effect of WDM techniques on multi transceiver inter-satellite wireless optical communications. The system performance parameters with propagation distance at a multiple transceiver system are discussed using two previous models. The system performance parameters are investigated with 250 Gb/s transmission bit rates and 5000 km propagation distances for 16 transceiver systems. The maximum quality factor (Q factor), light peak signal per noise ratio, and signal peak per noise ratio are the primary important performance parameters in this study. © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Orbits

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Impact of integrating type-1 distributed generation on distribution network using modified genetic algorithm and voltage stability index: a technical and cost–benefit analysis approach

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 1-50页

作者： Olabode, Olakunle Elijah Akinyele, Daniel Oluwaseun Ajewole, Titus Oluwasuji Omogoye, Samuel Okeolu Raji, Akeem Abimbola Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of Engineering and Technology Lagos State University of Science and Technology Lagos Nigeria

The position of the distribution network and its peculiar topology calls for viable means of addressing the issue of severe power loss and voltage instability confronting its ability to truly wheel out the received energy from the transmission arm of the network to the end users. Based on this premise, the current work employed a Lévy flight genetic algorithm (LF-GA) for the placement of type-1 photovoltaic-based distributed generation (PV-DG) into a radial network. The IEEE 33 and Government Residential Area (GRA) 11 kV and 34-bus feeder in Nigeria were used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The backward-forward sweep formed the backbone of the load flow, while the voltage stability index was used to select the suitable buses where type-1 DG was integrated for optimal performance. The criteria considered for performance evaluation were the cost of energy loss, payback time, active power loss, and network voltage profile improvement without violating the essential network constraints. The paper proposed a relevant policy framework on DG integration, which filled knowledge gap in the previous studies. A multi-objective factor-based LF-GA subjected to appropriate constraints was used to optimize both the sizing and the locations of type-1 DG with the arrangements implemented in a MATLAB environment. The results obtained when compared with the existing contributions in the literature showed a credible improvement in line-loss reduction, voltage profile, and the system voltage stability index, including reduced cost of energy loss with minimal payback time on the investment of compensating devices. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Cooperative THz communication for UAVs in 6G and beyond

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Nazifa Mustari Muhammet Ali Karabulut A.F.M.Shahen Shah Ufuk Tureli Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityTurkey Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureKafkas UniversityKarsTurkey

One of the key components of any smart city is considered to be its intelligent transportation systems(ITSs).Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are envisioned in several ITS application fields because of their autonomous operation,mobility,communication/processing capabilities,and other *** this paper,cooperative terahertz(THz)communication is proposed for flying ad hoc networks(FANETs),which is a particular kind of network made up of a collection of small UAVs linked in an ad hoc fashion and working together to accomplish high-level *** frequency spectrum for wireless communication has been expanding continuously in order to meet the demand for *** the forthcoming 6G and beyond,communications in the THz range will be vital,similar to how mmWave-band communications are currently influencing the 5G of wireless mobile *** finite state machine(FSM)of the proposed cooperative communication system for THz band is presented.A Markov chain model-based analytical study is carried out,which derives relationships among ***,numerical results are provided to support the analytical study.

关键词： Cooperative MAC THz UAVs 6G

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