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Optimization of PID Control Parameters for Quarter-Vehicle Model Active Suspension System Using Back Propagation Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Methods 6th

Optimization of PID Control Parameters for Quarter-Vehicle M...

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6th International Conference on Mechanical engineering, ICOME 2023

作者： Effendi, M.K. Pande, D.M.R. Harnany, D. Hendrowati, W. Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819778973

A suspension system is designed to attenuate vibrations and enhance passengers’ comfort levels when a vehicle traverses uneven road contours. With additional power to control the actuators’ force, the active suspension system produces better ride quality than passive suspension systems. System modeling will be carried out using a quarter-vehicle model with a disturbance input form of a step input of 0.1 m. In this study, the control system used is the PID controller, with the parameters of the controller being tuned using the Back Propagation Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA) metaheuristic method employing MATLAB R2022b software. In this method, BPNN is used to produce a network that represents the correlation between controller parameters (i.e., Kp, Ki, and Kd) and system response (i.e., Integral Times Absolute Error (ITAE)). The ITAE value represents the value of Settling Time (Ts) and Peak Overshoot (PO) in a damping system. Next, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the best BPNN's network with a minimum MSE (Mean Squared Error) value. The performance of BPNN-GA is then compared with Ziegler Nichols method. The best BPNN’s network is obtained with five hidden layers, ten nodes in each hidden layer, and the satlin activation function achieving an MSE training value of 1.6477 × 10–8. The most optimum Kp, Ki, and Kd values are identified through the BPNN-GA method, namely 809193, 621978, and 243984, with a settling time (TS) value of 1.33 s and a peak overshoot of −0.00834 m, along with a Root Mean Square (RMS) value of 0.5747 m/s2. Moreover, in accordance with the ISO 2631 standard, the active suspension system model is classified as slightly uncomfortable. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： MATLAB

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Modeling and Simulation of Sand Particle Trajectories and Erosion in a Transonic Fan Stage

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Journal of Turbomachinery 2025年第7期147卷 071012页

作者： Ghenaiet, Adel Laboratory of Energy Conversion Systems Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene BP32 El-Alia Bab Ezzouar Algiers16111 Algeria

In desert regions, there is a significant presence of dust and sand particles lifted by storms and drawn into aircraft engines, resulting in considerable erosion. This numerical study investigates the dynamics of sand particles affecting the front components of a high-bypass turbofan engine (HBTFE). The components under consideration include a Pitot intake, a spinner, a fan rotor, inlet guide vanes (IGVs), and outlet guide vanes (OGVs). This research focuses on the engine’s operating conditions during takeoff from a Saharan airfield. The flow field is solved separately, and the data are transferred to an in-house particle trajectory code based on the Lagrangian model. The finite element method (FEM) is used to track sand particles as they move through the mesh cells, facilitating an accurate assessment of impacts and conditions necessary for calculating erosion rates. The results obtained indicate that a significant number of sand particles frequently impact the rotor blade, from the hub to approximately 80% of its span, due to deflection by the Pitot intake lip and outer contour. The pressure side (PS) of the rotor blade experiences severe erosion, with the highest erosion rates occurring at the leading edge (LE) and toward the trailing edge (TE). At the exit of the rotor, a substantial amount of particles flows through the OGVs and erode the PS, while fewer particles from the lower sections of the fan blade pass via the IGVs to the engine’s core. These findings highlight erosion-prone regions that require special protective coatings. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Mechanical Properties of the Polyester Hybrid Composite Reinforced by Fiberglass and Bamboo Blades as the Replacement Materials for 10GT Boat 6th

Mechanical Properties of the Polyester Hybrid Composite Rein...

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6th International Conference on Mechanical engineering, ICOME 2023

作者： Ferdian, Muhammad Arsy Robi Wikarta, Alief Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819778973

Traditional hand-laid fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) 10 GT fishing boats often fall short of Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) standards, lacking the required tensile strength (98 MPa), modulus elasticity (6.86 GPa), and bending strength (150 MPa) with MOE 6.86 GPa. The extensive production of ships in Indonesia has led to increased demand for fiberglass, contributing to carbon emissions and air pollution, exacerbating global warming. This study explores the feasibility of environmentally friendly alternatives by partially replacing the fiberglass layer with a thin bamboo woven twill strip (5mm wide). Tensile and bending tests were conducted on composite specimens combining fiberglass and bamboo to assess compliance with BKI sailing standards. Tensile tests followed the American Standard Testing and Material (ASTM) D638, while bending tests adhered to ASTM D790 standards. Alkalized bamboo strips exhibited tensile strengths of 111.718 MPa (without alkalization) and 221.692 MPa (with alkalization). Hand lay-up FRP testing, with and without a press, indicated superior results for specimens with a press (tensile: 221.856 MPa, bending: 229.856 MPa) compared to those without (tensile: 112.227 MPa, bending: 228.476 MPa). Further experiments involved four-layer hybrid composites, replacing one fiberglass layer with woven bamboo in WR 800 and CSM 450 sections. The WR 800 replacement yielded tensile strengths of 106.316 MPa and 166.234 MPa, while the CSM 450 replacement resulted in strengths of 118.806 MPa and 62.451 MPa. The study successfully identified a hybrid composite composition, incorporating woven bamboo (WR800), that meets BKI standards for 10GT vessels in FRP composites with a press. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Deep Learning Classification of Simulated Surface EMG Signals across Maximum Voluntary Contraction Levels

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International Journal Bioautomation 2025年第1期29卷 33-50页

作者： Hammachi, Radhouane Belkacem, Samia Messaoudi, Noureddine Bekka, Raïs El’hadi Electrical Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Technology University of Boumerdès Boumerdès35000 Algeria LIST Laboratory Faculty of Technology University of Boumerdès Boumerdès35000 Algeria LIMOSE Laboratory Faculty of Technology University of Boumerdès Boumerdès35000 Algeria LIS Laboratory Department of Electronics Faculty of Technology University of Sétif Sétif19000 Algeria

The growth of suburbs alters the traditional villagescape due to increasing population and new housing developments. This not only affects the buildings but also alters the green spaces within the settlements. The amount of green space is decreasing as more densely populated developments are built. Additionally, most green spaces in villages are privately owned, with gardens making up the majority of these areas. Our study examines the attitudes of the population towards gardening and greening in four settlements near Nitra, Slovakia. Through questionnaires we explore how the attitudes of both newcomers and local residents differ and how this varies between the different settlements, to identify any differences in attitudes towards gardening. © 2025 by the authors. Licensee Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Electromyography

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DIGITAL TWIN CONCEPT FOR MANUAL WASTE SORTING MANAGEMENT

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Environment Protection engineering 2025年第1期51卷 65-74页

作者： Giel, Robert Dąbrowska, Alicja Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Operation and Maintenance of Technical Systems Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw50-370 Poland

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to waste management. It is mainly related to the promotion of the Circular Economy as a key policy objective in the EU. The aim is to shift from a linear approach to a circular one, which is based on reuse and recycling. To enable recycling, it is necessary to separate waste mixtures into different fractions. Therefore, it is crucial to consider and optimize different waste sorting techniques. Despite advances in technology that have emerged as part of Industry 4.0, manual sorting is still widely used as support for automatic/mechanical sorting. Current manual sorting research is mainly focused on human health and ergonomics. There is a definite lack of studies dedicated to the management of this process which is critical for the transformation to a circular economy. Therefore the objective of the paper is to present the digital twin concept for manual waste sorting management. Four stages of research work have been introduced. Within these stages, the motion capture gloves for data collection from physical objects (workers) were proposed. Additionally simulation model for virtual representation was considered and a data exchange system for connection between physical objects and their virtual representations. © 2025 Wroclaw University of Science and technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waste management

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Robotic Artistic Writing—Reproduction of Signs Drawn on the Surface of Plastically Deformable Materials

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 18090-18105页

作者： He, Xin Zielinska, Teresa Matsumaru, Takafumi Dutta, Vibekananda Waseda University Graduate School of Information Production and Systems Fukuoka Kitakyushu808-0135 Japan Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering Warsaw00-661 Poland Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Mechatronics Warsaw00-661 Poland

Existing surface shaping methods focus on hard materials with stable physical properties. This means that the approaches developed are insufficient for shaping soft materials. The article describes a cheap method of reproducing plastic deformations using a robotic manipulator. The shape recording and reproduction system consists of two RGB-D cameras, two containers with kinetic sand, and a manipulator with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). Volunteers create templates by drawing on the surface of kinetic sand with a wooden stylus or finger. Some pressure is exerted while writing. The resulting shapes recorded by the RGB-D camera have the form of ribbon ditches (grooves). The obtained point cloud is processed to create a sand deformation model. In the first stage, a dedicated local smoothing technique is used. Then, special algorithms are implemented to create a description of the main curvatures and key dimensions of recorded signs. A spline-based approach is used. The method allows for the representation of various shapes in a unified form. In the final stage, modulated sinusoidal functions define the robot’s trajectory. The effects of the robot’s operation are recorded to assess the reproduction quality. The point cloud structural similarity measure (Point SSIM) evaluates the results. Experimental research takes into account many different shapes. Copies of shapes created by humans and robots are compared with the originals. The outcomes show that the quality of reproduction achieved by humans and robots is comparable. The median-based curvature similarity measure obtained for the human was only 1.92% higher than the robot’s result, and the covariance-based geometric similarity measure was only 0.74% higher than the robot’s score. The system can be used to mass-produce souvenirs or special implants. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wooden containers

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An Improved OMP-Based mmWave Channel Estimation for MIMO systems 3rd

An Improved OMP-Based mmWave Channel Estimation for MIMO Sy...

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3rd International Conference on Advances in Information and Communication technology, ICTA 2024

作者： Duong, Ngoc-Son Nguyen, Thu-Trang Vu-Thi, Lan-Nhi Lam, Sinh-Cong Dinh-Thi, Thai-Mai Department of Telecommunications Systems Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications VNU University of Engineering and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9783031809422

In this paper, we tackle the problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mmWave channel estimation in a hybrid analog digital architecture by exploiting the structure of the mmWave channel and the physical constraints of paths therein. We accomplish this by applying a novel Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm to the beamspace channel. The proposed OMP method leverages two properties of beamspace channel, which are i) relatively sparse structure, and ii) uniqueness of angle values of each path. Simulation results show that our proposed OMP method outperforms standard OMP in terms of probability of successful recovery and mean square error. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Mean square error

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Influence of surface layer and screw angle on tribological wear of sliding pedicle screws used in a growth guidance system

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Archives of Civil and Mechanical engineering 2025年第3期25卷 1-23页

作者： Szkoda-Poliszuk, Klaudia Dobrowolska-Brończyk, Anna Żak, Malgorzata Pezowicz, Celina Department of Mechanics Materials and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology ul. Lukasiewicza 7/9 Wroclaw50-371 Poland Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Mechatronic Systems Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology ul. Lukasiewicza 5 Wroclaw50-371 Poland

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the type of surface layer (passive vs. diamond-like carbon coated) and the angle of pedicle screw implantation on abrasive wear of sliding screw caps used in spinal growth guidance systems. The scope of the experiment included the performance of high-cycle mechanical tests using reciprocating motion, imitating friction processes that occur during the use of implants. Measurements and identification were also carried out of the type of wear generated by friction (tests of surface topography and changes in chemical composition). Examination of friction surfaces revealed all mechanisms of abrasive wear, i.e., microcutting, scratching, and furrowing. In the case of traditional locking caps, furrowing and scratching were most frequently observed, while for caps coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC), the dominant mechanism was scratching. For most of the friction nodes tested, those with a passive coating showed significantly greater wear than friction nodes with a DLC layer, regardless of the screw implantation angle. On one hand, the use of DLC coatings improves durability owing to increased resistance of the coated surfaces to abrasive wear, but on the other hand, it carries the risk of emergency wear when the DLC coating wears out. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Tribology

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Development and Investigation of Vision System for a Small-Sized Mobile Humanoid Robot in a Smart Environment

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International Journal of Crowd Science 2025年第1期9卷 29-43页

作者： Abu-Jassar, Amer Tahseen Attar, Hani Amer, Ayman Lyashenko, Vyacheslav Yevsieiev, Vladyslav Solyman, Ahmed Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman11937 Jordan Faculty of Engineering Zarqa University Zarqa2000 Jordan College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah21448 Saudi Arabia Department of Media Systems and Technology Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics Kharkiv61166 Ukraine Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Nişantaşı University Istanbul34398 Turkey

The conducted research aims to develop a computer vision system for a small-sized mobile humanoid robot. The decentralization of the servomotor control and the computer vision systems is investigated based on the hardware solution point of view, moreover, the required software level to achieve an efficient matched design is obtained. A computer vision system using the upgraded tiny-You Only Look Once (YOLO) network model is developed to allow recognizing and identifying objects and making decisions on interacting with them, which is recommended for crowd environment. During the research, a concept of a computer vision system was developed, which describes the interaction between the main elements, on the basis of which hardware modules were selected to implement the task. A structure of information interaction between hardware modules is proposed, and a connection scheme is developed, on the basis of which a model of a computer vision system is assembled for research, with the required algorithmic and software for solving the problem. To ensure the high speed of the computer vision system based on the ESP32-CAM module, the neural network was improved by replacing the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG-16) network as the base network for extracting the functions of the Single Shot Detector (SSD) network model with the tiny-YOLO lightweight network model, which made it possible to preserve the multidimensional structure of the network model feature graph, resulting in increasing the detection accuracy, while significantly reducing the amount of calculations generated by the network operation, thereby significantly increasing the detection speed, due to a limited set of objects. Finally, a number of experiments were carried out, both in static and dynamic environments, which showed a high accuracy of identifications. © The author(s) 2025.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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