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Multi-Principal Element Alloy Coatings: A Review of Deposition Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects

Metals and Materials International 2025年 1-45页

作者： Jeje, S.O. Mpofu, P. Malatji, N. Kanyane, L.R. Shongwe, M.B. Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria0001 South Africa

Multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) coatings, including medium entropy alloys (MEAs) and high entropy alloys (HEAs), have emerged as transformative materials with the potential to address critical challenges in industrial applications. These coatings offer exceptional properties such as high-temperature oxidation resistance, wear resistance, corrosion protection, and thermal stability, making them ideal for demanding environments. This review primarily focuses on MEA coatings, providing a comprehensive analysis of their deposition techniques, applications, and future prospects. The review highlights the key advantages of MEA coatings over traditional single-element or binary alloy coatings, emphasizing their superior toughness, strength, and deformability. Various deposition methods, including laser-based techniques, thermal spraying, physical and chemical vapor deposition, and electrodeposition, are discussed in detail, with an evaluation of their benefits and limitations. Where specific studies on MEAs are unavailable, insights from HEA coatings are incorporated to provide complementary perspectives, leveraging the shared characteristics of these multi-principal element systems. Applications of MPEA coatings in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy, and oil and gas industries are explored, showcasing their ability to enhance performance, durability, and efficiency. Future research directions are identified, including the development of novel compositions, advancements in deposition technologies, and a deeper understanding of structure–property relationships. The review also emphasizes the need for scalable, cost-effective manufacturing processes to accelerate the adoption of MPEA coatings in various sectors. By presenting a focused yet inclusive perspective on MPEA coatings, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry stakeholders working toward the advancement and widespread utilization of these innovative materi

关键词： Electrodeposition

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Circular Commons: Exploring Innate Spatial Tactics as Pathways toward a Circular built environment

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 1157-1199页

作者： Egger, Tamara van Dorst, Machiel Ioannou, Olga den Heijer, Alexandra Department of Architectural Engineering and Technology Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Urbanism Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Management in the Built Environment Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment TU Delft Delft Netherlands

The built environment significantly contributes to current socioenvironmental crises, necessitating systemic change. Circularity and the commons are re-emerging as potential pathways for such transition. A circular built environment (CBE) aims to close resource loops, but its implementation is often slow and neglects social and local aspects. The commons framework emphasizes local involvement and sustainable self-management of shared resources. However, the intersection of circularity and the commons in spatial production is underexplored. This paper explores their relationship as “innate spatial tactics,” referring to the ways ordinary people interact with the built environment to meet their daily needs. Through a literature review, we developed a conceptual framework of “circular commoning,” encompassing three dimensions: resources, people, and governance. We applied this framework to analyze 16 empirical examples of circular commoning in contemporary urban settings. Our research shows that circularity and the commons are closely linked and mutually beneficial. Circular commoning involves diverse resources, changing social roles, and innovative governance. We identified three forms of circular commoning as innate spatial tactics: building circular, circular use of space, and creating spaces for circular activities. The framework developed here provides a basis for further action research. The practice review demonstrates that circular commoning is not only a distant utopian ideal but is enacted daily in diverse urban contexts. Such often-overlooked innate spatial tactics can offer valuable lessons for pathways toward a CBE involving principles of a circular society. Additionally, they can help shape new narratives and channel hope for practical progress towards circular futures. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Circular built environment Circular Society Community Economies Innate Spatial Tactics Urban Commons

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Predictive modeling of climate change impacts using Artificial Intelligence: a review for equitable governance and sustainable outcome

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environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年第17期32卷 10705-10724页

作者： Ukoba, Kingsley Onisuru, Oluwatayo Racheal Jen, Tien-Chien Madyira, Daniel M. Olatunji, Kehinde O. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Cr Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Process Energy and Environmental Technology Station Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

The accelerating pace of climate change poses unprecedented challenges to global ecosystems and human societies. In response, this study reviews the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop advanced predictive models for assessing the multifaceted impacts of climate change. The study used the PRISMA framework to find, assess, and combine research on using AI in predicting climate change impacts. Integrating AI techniques, such as machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics, into climate modeling provides a robust framework for understanding and projecting the complex dynamics associated with global climate change. These models exhibit a high capacity for data collection, analyzing intricate patterns and integration, including their relationships within the datasets. They enable quick and accurate predictions of future climate scenarios, scenarios testing, historical eventualities, their magnitude, and adaptation. However, challenging issues like data gaps, especially in interconnected systems such as the atmosphere, are associated. Also, AI insight translation into an actionable recommendation recognizable by the policymakers, including ethical usage, is an emerging concern. Therefore, further advances to circumvent these will include the integration of AI with physical models, developing hybrid models, and generating synthetic climatic datasets to enhance data quality and gaps. Also, AI tools are being developed to aid decision-making for policy integration. AI-based predictive modeling is restructuring and bringing reformative change to the understanding of and approach toward climatic change through AI model development. AI guarantees an unfailing plan and a resilient future with sustainable approaches that empower scientists, policymakers, and communities. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Prediction models

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Neural Network-Based Ensemble Learning Model to Identify Antigenic Fragments of SARS-CoV-2

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第3期6卷 651-660页

作者： Bukhari, Syed Nisar Hussain Ogudo, Kingsley A. J&K Srinagar191132 India University of Johannesburg Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Johannesburg2092 South Africa

The development of epitope-based vaccines (EBVs) necessitates the identification of antigenic fragments (AFs) of the target pathogen known as T-cell epitopes (TCEs). TCEs are recognized by immune system, specifically by T cells, B cells, and antibodies. Traditional wet lab methods for identifying TCEs are often costly, challenging, and time-consuming compared to computational approaches. In this study, we propose a neural network-based ensemble machine learning (ML) model trained on physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 peptides sequences to predict TCE sequences. The performance of the model assessed using test dataset demonstrated an accuracy of >95%, surpassing the results of other ML classifiers that were employed for comparative analysis. Through fivefold cross-validation technique, a mean accuracy of approximately 95% was reported. Additionally, when compared to other existing TCE prediction methods using a blind dataset, the proposed model was found to be more accurate and effective. The predicted epitopes may have a strong probability to act as potential vaccine candidates. Nonetheless, it is imperative to subject these epitopes to further scientific examination both in vivo and in vitro, to confirm their suitability as vaccine candidates. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： T-cells

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Calibration and validation of the CMADS-Driven SWAT model in the distributed hydrological simulation of the Baihe River Basin in Nanyang

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ISH Journal of Hydraulic engineering 2025年第1期31卷 97-107页

作者： BiYing, Xu Abd Rahman, Nor Faiza Tai, Vin Cent Faculty of Automation Engineering Henan Polytechnic Institute Henan Nanyang China Centre for Sustainable Design Modelling and Simulation Faculty of Engineering Built Environment & Information Technology SEGi University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia

The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Dataset for the SWAT model (CMADS) has gained widespread use for its accuracy. This study focuses on the Baihe River Basin in Nanyang, using the SWAT tool and CMADS dataset to construct two distributed hydrological models of different scales. The accuracy and effectiveness of these models were evaluated. Parameter uncertainty analysis on a monthly and annual scale was conducted usingSUFI-2 algorithm. The goal was to assess the applicability of the CMADS-driven SWAT model in theBasin by calibrating and validating flow data at both monthly and annual scales. The results form the calibration period (2009–2013) showedmonthly R2 and NSE values were 0.81 and 0.8, while the annual values were 0.91 and 0.9. During validation(2014–2016), the annual R2 and NSE values were 0.89 and 0.86, and the monthly values were 0.76 and 0.76, with reasonable values for the P-factor, R-factor, and percentage bias (PBIAS), indicating good model applicability. Seasonal variations in rainfall, surface runoff, water yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and potential evapotranspiration (PET) were analyzed. The results demonstrate that surface runoff and water yield is closely related to precipitation, while ET is largely controlled by land use types, providing insights for water resource management. © 2024 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

关键词： SWAT

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Untangling the Complexities of the Uptake of Smart Construction Sites in South Africa 20th

Untangling the Complexities of the Uptake of Smart Construct...

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20th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building engineering, ICCCBE 2024

作者： Ikuabe, Matthew Aigbavboa, Clinton Ngcobo, Ntebo Aghimien, Lerato cidb Centre of Excellence Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Department of Civil Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa School of Construction Economics and Management Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842078

Using technological applications, smart construction aims to improve the planning, management, and execution of construction project delivery. This has the potential to forestall several of the challenges associated with project execution and delivery using conventional methods. Therefore, this study evaluates the challenges of implementing smart construction sites in the South African construction industry. Employing a quantitative technique, data was elicited from the target respondents who were sampled using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Retrieved data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis extraction technique. The study’s findings showed that the significant challenges faced by implementing smart construction sites in South Africa are institutional drawbacks, financial impediments, and lack of technical expertise. The study contributes theoretically and practically to the growing call for construction digitalisation as it fills the gap in knowledge by unravelling the encumbrances of the use of smart construction sites. Furthermore, the study’s outcome is a sound theoretical base for future studies geared towards construction digitalisation in developing countries. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Techno Analysis of Solar PV with Storage 33

Techno Analysis of Solar PV with Storage

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33rd Southern African Universities Power engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2025

作者： Shumbayaonda, T.P. Kamanzi, J. Kahn, M.T.E. Cape Peninsula University of Technology Engineering and Built Environment Faculty Cape Town South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535162

Energy storage has gained significant interest in the last few years due to the falling prices of electrochemical storage technologies. South Africa is currently having a shortfall in generation capacity which results in the system operator having to implement load shedding to avoid the grid collapse. The country's consumption profiles show peak demand in the early evening times and the system operator runs fossil fueled generators to meet the *** research aims to investigate the techno economic feasibility of a utility sized electrochemical storage that is coupled to a Solar PV 2 MWp system to meet the peak demand and reduce dependence on fossil fueled generators. Literature review is used to determine the most suitable energy storage technology. PVSyst software and Homer software were used to run performance and energy yield simulations from the battery energy storage system. Results indicate that the levelized cost of electricity from the battery energy storage system is lower than the LCOE from the open cycle gas turbines. The LCOE for the open cycle gas turbines was determined from literature to be R7.07/kWh and that of the BESS was determined to be R1.92 /kWh. The findings can assist in the quicker uptake of the technology by the utility and other independent power producers to increase generation capacity and reduce the current generation deficit. Other economic opportunities of the storage facilities are highlighted as they can be used to support the grid without compromising their primary objective of supplying evening peak power. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Battery storage

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Variable Length Multi-Objective Whale Optimization for Trust Aware Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Network

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 32100-32121页

作者： Saad, Mohammed Ayad Jaafar, Rosmina Chellappan, Kalaivani Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Department of Electrical Electronics and System Engineering Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Al-Kitab University Department of Medical Instrumentations Technique Engineering Kirkuk36001 Iraq Universitas Airlangga Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Surabaya60115 Indonesia

Efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is crucial. While traditional approaches rely on stationary data sinks, the use of mobile sinks, like unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has shown promise in enhancing data-gathering capabilities. However, existing methods often overlook the importance of trust, leaving the network susceptible to malicious or faulty nodes. To address this issue, we propose a novel trust-aware data-gathering algorithm, Variable Length Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Data Gathering (VLMOWO-DG). Our algorithm simultaneously optimizes energy consumption, delay, and trust while employing mobile sinks to collect data from sensor nodes. By considering trust as a key performance metric, we improve data reliability and security. The VLMOWO-DG algorithm introduces flexibility through variable-length solution representation and application-oriented operators, allowing for efficient exploration of the solution space. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms established benchmarks, NSGA-II and NSGA-III, in terms of domination and hypervolume. This leads to a remarkable improvement of 200% in data gathering performance. © 2015 The Authors.

关键词： Data collection

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Bio-Based Polymer Composites Used in the Building Industry: A Review 1st

Bio-Based Polymer Composites Used in the Building Industry: ...

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1st International Conference on Net-Zero built environment: Innovations in Materials, Structures, and Management Practices, NTZR 2024

作者： Nwankwo, Chinyere O. Mahachi, Jeffrey Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Department of Civil Engineering Technology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9783031696251

Material development science in the construction industry is saddled with the responsibility of seeking alternative materials that can alleviate the reliance on virgin resources, reduce the energy use associated with building material production, mitigate the pollution associated with the disposal of building materials, and ultimately foster a more sustainable environment. In recent years, fibre-reinforced polymer composites have garnered attention across diverse sectors like automobiles, consumer products, transportation, packaging, and construction. However, bio-based alternatives to these composites offer a promising avenue towards creating more environment-friendly building materials. This paper explores the practical applications of bio-based polymer composites in non-structural contexts, such as building panels, partitions, facades, and structural applications, including internal and external reinforcement. It examines the benefits and challenges inherent in these applications, drawing insights from a comprehensive review of research in the field. Through this review, the paper sheds light on the potential of bio-based polymer composites in developing more sustainable construction materials, providing a pathway towards a greener and more sustainable built environment. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Biocomposites Construction industry FRP Natural fibres Sustainable building materials

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Direct spot-welding of zirconia ceramic to Ti-6Al-4V alloy for ultrahigh strength joint using pulsed Nd: YAG laser

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Ceramics International 2025年第14期51卷 18762-18774页

作者： Zhao, Zhanyong Janasekaran, Shamini Fong, Go Tze Tayier, Walisijiang Zhang, Nan Centre for Advanced Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Faculty of Engineering Built Environment & Information Technology SEGi University Selangor Petaling Jaya47810 Malaysia School of Electromechanics Handan University Handan056006 China

The reliable and efficient joining of ZrO2 ceramic to Ti-6Al-4V alloy is critical in aerospace and biomedical fields. However, conventional methods, such as brazing or diffusion bonding, face limitations in large-scale production due to cumbersome and time-intensive processing requirements. This work proposes an innovative method for fabricating ultrahigh-strength Ti-6Al-4V/ZrO2 lap-joint by direct spot-welding of metal-to-ceramic using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at room temperature. Serrated-like features were formed between the Ti-6Al-4V and ZrO₂ interfaces. The effects of laser pulse duration and spot diameter on the microstructure and shear strength of the joint were investigated, and the mechanical properties were optimized by these parameters. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were studied to characterise the microstructure, composition and phases of the joints. The interfacial microstructure can be described as Ti-6Al-4V alloy/β-Ti + TiO2/α-Ti + TiO + TiO2/TiO + Al0.52Zr0.48O1.74+Y2[Zr0.3Ti0.7]2O7/ZrO2-x + TiO/ZrO2. The maximum shear strength of the joint was about 99.06 MPa under laser pulse duration of 1.6 ms and spot diameter of 1.1 mm. After the shear test, fractures mainly occurred at the ceramic edge or within the ceramic. Experimental results demonstrated that laser spot welding possesses significant advantages over brazing or diffusion welding, including superior reliability, higher efficiency and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the welding mechanism, emphasizing the role of non-linear laser absorption in Ti-6Al-4V/ZrO2 joints, thereby offering valuable insights into the emerging technology for advanced metal-ceramic joining. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Brazing

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