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SSRN 2023年

作者： Forouzandeh, Nima Brembilla, Eleonora Nan, Liangliang Stoter, Jantien Jakubiec, Alstan Department of Architectural Engineering and Technology Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Urbanism Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment Delft University of Technology Netherlands John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design University of Toronto Canada

Optimizing the built environment via simulations of building models hinges on standardizing data acquisition. In this research, we put forward distinct levels of detail for geometry and material inputs, specifically tailored for indoor daylight applications. Our primary focus was on understanding the uncertainties arising from imprecise estimations of material optical properties and incomplete geometrical inputs in climate-based indoor daylight simulations. Employing a Monte Carlo approach, we analyzed six office and university spaces, creating 20 variations for each by altering geometrical completeness and material accuracy. The technique of excluding non-permanent objects below certain sizes in four graduated steps was used to derive and test the impact of various geometrical levels of detail. Our findings reveal that different levels of geometrical completeness lead to errors ranging from 1.08% to 18.05%. Additionally, a twofold increase in simulation time was noted when geometrical detail was enhanced relative to the most basic model. Errors stemming from imprecise definitions of material optical properties displayed a normal distribution. The uncertainty in simulation outcomes showed a linear rise with increasing input material uncertainty, lying between 10% to 30%, depending on space configurations. We observed heightened uncertainty near openings, attributed to window transmittance effects. The research underscores that daylight predictions are markedly more sensitive to transmittance uncertainties than to those in reflectance, regardless of the window-to-floor ratio. These insights may help to guide a more efficient data acquisition process of indoor spaces for daylight simulations. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical properties

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Brazilian payment for environmental services programs emphasize water-related services

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 276-289页

作者： Ingrid Mamedes Angélica Guerra Dulce B.B.Rodrigues Letícia Couto Garcia Raquel de Faria Godoi Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulMS79070-900Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduaçāo em Ecologia e Conservaaçāo Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil Laboratorio de Ecologia da Intervenaçāo-LEl Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering Sao Carlos School of EngineeringUniversity of Sao PauloSao CarlosSPBrazil

Based on"user pays"and"provider gets"principles,the Payment for Environmental Services(PES)consists of providing economic incentives or compensation for land users who adopt activities that promote ecosystem *** PES initiatives have grown rapidly in Brazil over the last few decades,however,studies that address the panorama of these programs in the country are still scarce,regional,or ***,we investigate the PES overview in Brazil through interviews and an extensive literature *** found in total 80 PES programs implemented in Brazil,of which 14 were *** pro-grams are poorly distributed across the country,mostly concentrated in the Atlantic Forest(56.25%)and Savanna(36.25%)biomes,in Southeastern *** majority of programs primarily prioritize improving water quality and ***,reforestation,protection of native vegetation,and soil and water conservation are their main proposed *** positive impacts of Brazil's PES experi-ences are evident;while the lack of transparency and monitoring,and poor spatial and financial dis-tribution are still major *** conclude that if correctly implemented,PES schemes offer a path to reconcile environmental conservation with agricultural production in Brazil.

关键词： Conservation funding Ecological restoration Environmental compliance Public policy Soil and water conservation

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Military archaeology and contemporary reality in Albania

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City, Territory and architecture 2021年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Vokshi, Armand Shehu, Elfrida Dervishi, Sokol Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Politecnical University of Tirana Rruga Muhamet Gjollesha 56 Tiranë Albania Faculty of Civil Engineering Polytechnic University of Tirana “Nene Tereza” Square No.4 Tiranë Albania Faculty of Architecture and Engineering Epoka University Rruga Tiranë-Rinas Km 12 Tiranë 1039 Albania

Heritage conservation provides economic, cultural and social benefits to urban communities. The building conservation role has changed from preservation to being part of a broader strategy for urban regeneration process and sustainable development. Heritage buildings are vital in for transferring the cultural identity for upcoming generations. Where heritage buildings can no longer function with its original use, proposing a new function is necessary to preserve the significance of the heritage building. This study aims to explore the fascinating dialogue between totalitarian regimes introduced in two museums adapted within the anti-nuclear bunkers in Tirana. The architectural projects of the museum aim to preserve the identity of their interior. While the careful architectural intervention is necessary to create the atmosphere of totalitarian ideology, in many cases we have to do with the continuity of existing architectural and urban elements in these particular projects. The work explores two museums, BuncArt 1 and BunkArt 2, quite interesting reflection of the parts of history, during the years of world wars and the period of dictatorship of communism, with the facilities and elements exhibited there. In the meantime, thereafter, one can speak of a longer period for the period of the communist regime extending from 1945 to 1990. The impact of communist ideology, coming from the communist bloc of the East, also affects architecture and urban studies in Albania. In some respects, we have a silent follow-up to the monumental interventions that were made before the end of World War II. Another important element was the radical intervention in the bunkers in the territory and in the cities. Their quantity is considered with an amount of 700 thousand pieces. They were different in size and were seen more as defence-related parts rather than as a direct link to the new realist-socialist architecture. The return of some of them to the exhibition space was a good step to

关键词： Albania Bunkers Cold War museum Memory Military architecture

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From 3D survey data of cultural heritage artefacts to 3D-printed prototypes based on cement and lime-based mortars

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Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 2025年 37卷

作者： Jesus, Manuel Teixeira, João Guimarães, Ana S. Rangel, Bárbara Alves, Jorge L. CONSTRUCT Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal CEAU Centre for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism Faculty of Architecture (FAUP) University of Porto Porto 4150-564 Portugal Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI)/Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal

The preservation of historic structures and artefacts has evolved with new technologies, and reverse engineering emerges as a pivotal tool for capturing their geometry and intricate details, enabling their replication and restoration through additive manufacturing techniques. This article delves into the application of digital technologies in the rehabilitation of cultural heritage artefacts, using 3D survey technologies for data acquisition of the building element, 3D modelling and liquid deposition modelling for the fabrication of the prototype. The methodology and challenges encountered during the scanning phase, the digital modelling preparation, and the 3D printing trials are described, offering insights into the technical processes involved and paving the way for further advancements in this field. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： 3D printing 3D scanning Additive manufacturing Cultural heritage Design for additive manufacturing

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Artificial neural networks applied for flood forecasting in ungauged basin - the Paranaíba river study case 9

Artificial neural networks applied for flood forecasting in ...

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9th International Conference on Flood Management, ICFM 2023

作者： Brandão, Abderraman R. A. De Menezes Filho, Frederico C. M. Oliveira, Paulo T. S. Fava, Maria C. Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation University of São Paulo SP São Carlos Brazil Institute of Exact and Technological Sciences Federal University of Viçosa MG Rio Paranaíba Brazil Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and Geography Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul MS Campo Grande Brazil Civil Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos SP São Carlos Brazil

Flow simulation using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the modelling has been widely applied and has gained prominence in regions lacking data. The hydrological variables are subject to the influence of morphological characteristics and urbanization in the watershed. Statistical models, such as ANNs, need to be able to identify the relationship between the hydrological inputs and outputs of the model, without explicitly considering the other relationships involved in physical processes. This work aimed to apply a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network for predicting flows in an urban basin subject to recurrent floods, using precipitation and flow data from previous periods as inputs. After model calibration and validation for the current state of the basin (2018-2019), its responses were analysed using input data before the basin urbanization (1985-1986) to identify the error behaviour at the output as a proxy for the basin changes effect. Its efficiency was evaluated using hydrographs, showing satisfactory results in both periods. In the urbanization period, there is more dispersion for maximum flows. For the day 4 steps back in the current forecast, NSE = 0.59 was observed, whereas in the other period, NSE = 0.70. The evaluation of the models for the current period of basin urbanization showed that the model could capture the basin's physical dynamics within the established static relationship. Also, the result found in the statistical relationships for the inputs showed once again the impact of urbanization on the basin. Copyright © 2024 Abderraman R. A. Brandão et al.

关键词： Floods

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Bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade:Using dynamic transitory-sensitive area to improve multiple occupants’visual comfort

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第4期10卷 821-837页

作者： Seyed Morteza Hosseini Masi Mohammadi Torsten Schröder Olivia Guerra-Santin Smart Architectural Technologies Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenNetherlands Architectural Design and Engineering Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenNetherlands Department of Architecture and Energy Faculty of Architecture and UrbanismUniversity of TehranTehranIran

The architectural form of the façade determines its identity as well as interactions with micro-climate forces of the ambient environment,such as solar *** dynamic nature of daylight and occupants’positions can cause some issues such as heat gains and visual discomfort,which need to be controlled in real-time *** daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort for multiple occupants simultaneously is ***,integrating the biomimicry principles of morphological adaptation with dynamic,complex fenestration,and human-in-loop systems can lead us to find an optimal *** research builds on relevant literature study,biomimicry morphological approaches,and parametric simulations,to develop a bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade for improving multiple occupants’visual comfort simultaneously,inspired by plant’s stomata movement and behavior *** from the transitory stage and hunting new position of stomata’s patchy patterns,leads us to identify the dynamic transitory-sensitive area of attraction point on the façade that is triggered by the dynamic sun-timing position and multiple *** annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation results of 810 bioinspired interactive kinetic façade alternatives prove that the elastic-deformable-complexkinetic form triggered by the dynamic transitory-sensitive area can improve the visual comfort of multiple occupants *** particular,the bio-inspired interactive kinetic façade with grid division 8x1 displays extraordinary daylight performance for south direction that prevents visual discomfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while providing an adequate average Spatial Daylight Autonomy of 60.5%,Useful Daylight illuminance of 90.47%,and Exceed Useful Daylight illuminance of 2.94%.

关键词： Interactive kinetic facçade Transitory-sensitive area Biomimicry morphological adaptation Dynamic daylight and multiple occupants Visual comfort

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Assessing Indoor Thermal Comfort of Rock-Cut architecture in Meymand World Heritage Site During Winter and Summer

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Mangeli, Mohammad Aram, Farshid Balderlu, Sajjad Akbari Babayi, Salman Mosavi, Amir Faculty of Architecture Urbanism and Art Urmia University Urmia*** Iran Faculty of Scince Urmia University Urmia*** Iran Institute of Information Engineering Automation and Mathematics Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia

Rock-cut architecture is among the special types of ancient architecture in Iran, which creates human living space by excavating the stone mass in the rocks, as well as easing the utilization of the temperature of the ground mass in cold and hot weather by penetrating its heart. The World Heritage Site of rock-cut architecture in Meymand with more than 360 architectural units is considered as an evolved and appropriate example of such architecture in the semi-hot and dry foothill climate of Iran. The present study aims to determine the indoor thermal comfort level of some buildings in the aforementioned site to measure its fitness to climatic conditions of the area without energy consumption. To this aim, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index was determined for four selected buildings through the indoor bioclimatic monitoring, as well as calculating the level of the above-mentioned index during December-February and June-August. Then, the ASHRAE standard questionnaire was prepared to evaluate and compare the comfort sensation feedback of the occupants in the aforementioned buildings with the indoor PMV calculation results. The results indicated that the average indoor PMV during the winter and summer equaled -2.17 and -1.07 with a cold and cool sensation, respectively, which is in line with those of the questionnaire in which most occupants reported a neutral and cold sensation during the winter and a cool one during the summer. In addition, the indoor environment of the above-mentioned buildings was 22 and 36% better than the outdoor during the winter and summer, respectively. Finally, the rock-cut architectural buildings have provided conditions by applying the high thickness of their architectural layers, low heat exchange coefficient of the walls, and temperature of the ground mass, resulting in obtaining the necessary thermal comfort for residence with or without minimal energy consumption. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal comfort

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Deciphering Urban Morphogenesis: A Morphospace Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Netto, Vinicius Cacholas, Caio Daems, Dries Ribeiro, Fabiano Davis, Howard Lenz, Daniel Research Centre for Territory Transports and Environment CITTA Faculty of Engineering FEUP University of Porto 4200-465 Portugal Graduate Programme in Architecture and Urbanism Fluminense Federal University PPGAU UFF Brazil Department of Archaeology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Physics Federal University of Lavras UFLA Brazil Department of Architecture University of Oregon in Eugene United States Institute of Architecture Urbanism and Design Federal University of Ceará UFC Brazil

Cities emerged independently across different world regions and historical periods, raising fundamental questions: How did the first urban settlements develop? What social and spatial conditions enabled their emergence? Are these processes universal or context-dependent? Moreover, what distinguishes cities from other human settlements? This paper investigates the drivers behind the creation of cities through a hybrid approach that integrates urban theory, the biological concept of morphospace (the space of all possible configurations), and archaeological evidence. It explores the transition from sedentary hunter-gatherer communities to urban societies, highlighting fundamental forces converging to produce increasingly complex divisions of labour as a central driver of urbanization. Morphogenesis is conceptualized as a trajectory through morphospace, governed by structure-seeking selection processes that balance density, permeability, and information as critical dimensions. The study highlights the non-ergodic nature of urban morphogenesis, where configurations are progressively selected based on their fitness to support the diversifying interactions between mutually dependent agents. The morphospace framework effectively distinguishes between theoretical spatial configurations, non-urban and proto-urban settlements, and contemporary cities. This analysis supports the proposition that cities emerge and evolve as solutions balancing density, permeability, and informational organization, enabling them to support increasingly complex societal functions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Atlas of precipitation extremes for South America and Africa based on depth-duration-frequency relationships in a stochastic weather generator dataset

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 726-742页

作者： Andrew Fullhart David C.Goodrich Menberu B.Meles Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Cristiano das Neves Almeida JoséC.de Araújo Shea Burns Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS 2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719United States Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS 239 Hopkins RoadDavisCA95616United States Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMS79070-900Brazil Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoao PessoaPB58051-900Brazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Campus do Pici Fortaleza Universidade Federal do CearáFortaleza60020-181Brazil

Information about extreme rainfall is lacking in regions of South America and *** study attempts to fill this scientific gap by use of a gridded parameterization for the stochastic weather generator,CLIGEN,to map depth-duration-frequency(DDF)*** of 500-year point-scale precipitation time series generated at each grid point allowed maps of return period precipitation to be produced for a se-lection of sixteen durations ranging from 10-min to 1-year and for nine return periods from 2 to 500 *** generalized extreme value(GEV)probability distribution was fitted for all durations,and given GEV quantiles,an interpolation method was applied to produce maps at 0.1° resolution that better resolve small-scale spatial climate *** addition to uncertainties related to GEV fitting,this study quantifies prediction intervals based on ground *** validation was important for identifying biases in CLIGEN,although uncertainties were not always satisfactorily defined due to sampling design and other *** daily/multi-day durations,100 stations with daily observations and ≥50-year records were selected for validation against the 0.1° CLIGEN map series,resulting in a median and average absolute error of 13%and 16%,*** sub-daily durations,prediction errors were larger *** analogy using available *** established the degree of bias in CUGEN for sub-daily durations,and three records in Brazil with high temporal resolutions were used to confirm that applied bias adjustments resulted in error ranges similar to the daily/multi-day *** atlas is freely available for study of extreme precipitation.

关键词： Africa Depth-duration-frequency Extreme precipitation South America

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Modeling Road Roughness Through Vibration Analysis for Driving Quality and Extended Discussion on AI Potential

Modeling Road Roughness Through Vibration Analysis for Drivi...

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International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics ( SACI)

作者： Nader Karballaeezadeh S. Danial Mohammadzadeh Mohammed Mudabbiruddin Armin Hatami Rad Faculty of Civil Engineering Architecture and Art Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urbanism Sadjad University of Technology Mashhad Iran Doctorl School of Material Science and Technology Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran

Driving quality is a concept that includes factors affecting the quality of a vehicle trip. Pavement damages, including roughness, has negative effects on travel comfort and driving quality. The vibration created in the car is one of the most important negative effects. In general, the main reasons for this type of vibration are: The mechanical structure of the vehicle and the surface roughness of the road. In short trips, the quality of driving is affected by safety and driving comfort indicators. While, in long-term trips, the threat to human health is also raised due to long-term vibration on the body. Therefore, it can be concluded that the evaluation of the driving quality and especially the impact of road surface roughness, which is responsible for the phenomenon of vibration, is a vital issue for pavement engineers. As the most common method of assessing road surface roughness, the IRI index is considered an essential element in the framework of this research due to its intrinsic relationship with the vehicle’s reaction. This study seeks to reconsider the IRI index according to the vibration created in the car during a trip. For this purpose, first, some pavement segments with certain roughness were defined. Then, with the help of ProVAL software, IRI values were calculated for them. After that, in the main part of the research, the defined pavement segments were made in the ADAMS software, and the vibration results were outputted when a passenger car passed over them. The results of the review and comparison of vibration data and IRI values showed that the IRI method contains an important problem: not fully covering the concept of passenger travel comfort and driving quality. Considering that the IRI index is an important and common factor in the decisions of pavement management systems around the world, this research confirms that this index needs important modifications to effectively include the concept of driving quality in roads’ maintenance and repair

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