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A region-based deep learning approach to instance segmentation of aerial orthoimagery for building rooftop extraction

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Geomatica 2022年第1期75卷 148-164页

作者： Gao, Kyle Chen, Mengge Fatholahi, Sarah Narges He, Hongjie Xu, Hongzhang Marcato Junior, José Nunes Gonçalves, Wesley Chapman, Michael A. Li, Jonathan Geospatial Sensing and Data Intelligence Lab Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Faculty of Engineering Architecture Urbanism and Geography Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Av. Costa e Silca MS Campo Grande79070-900 Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Ryerson University TorontoONM5B 2K3 Canada

Updated building information plays an important role in many fields such as environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, and the creation of base maps for urban planning. High-resolution images captured from Earth observation satellites and airborne platforms provide valuable data that cover large areas at high temporal frequencies. In recent years, deep neural networks have shown great potential in the semantic segmentation of Earth observation images for building detection, significantly exceeding the performance of traditional machine learning methods whenever high-quality training datasets are available. Instance segmentation methods further leverage object detection to focus segmentation onto regions of interest, avoiding certain types of false positives and false negatives when compared to semantic segmentation methods. In this study, we approach building rooftop detection as an instance segmentation problem and propose a regionbased deep learning approach to building rooftop extraction based on the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) framework. Our study indicates that searching for suitable hyperparameters results in considerable improvements in deep learning models. We found that hyperparameter optimization could be mandatory in some cases because in our experiments, the baseline Mask R-CNN achieved an unacceptable performance when compared to other methods. Our optimized Mask R-CNN, on the other hand, achieves a precision, recall, and F1-score of 92%, 86.6%, and 89.1%, respectively. Furthermore, we show that by using a region-based instance segmentation model, we can avoid the speckle-like errors sometimes found in semantic segmentation models, resulting in clean and accurate rooftop extraction that is more suited for practical applications. © 2022 The Author(s).

关键词： Buildings

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Design of an Angle Tracking Observer for Resolver Sensors using a Type-II System and Root Locus Technique 27

Design of an Angle Tracking Observer for Resolver Sensors us...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Electrical engineering and Computing, INTERCON 2020

作者： Modesto, Polynne Cordero, Raymundo D'Estefani, Andre Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and Geography Mato Grosso do Sul MS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193779

Resolver is an angular position sensor widely used in motor drives when robustness is critical. This sensor generates two high-frequency amplitude-modulated signals which give information about the angular position. A resolver-to-digital converter (RDC) is an equipment used to get the angular position from the resolver outputs. Many RDCs are based on angle tracking observer (ATO) which reduce the angle estimation error. The transient behavior of the angle estimation depends on the ATO parameters. This paper proposes the tuning of an ATO with two embedded integrators (a type-II system) through root-locus technique. It was used a lead compensator to improve the transient response of the ATO, while the embedded integrators make the steady-state error tend to zero for constant position and speed operation. Simulation results show that the ATO was properly tuned through root locus technique, allowing a good angle estimation. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Transient analysis

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Influence of local site effects on the typological fragility curves for class-oriented masonry buildings in aggregate condition

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Open Civil engineering Journal 2021年第Speacialissue1期15卷 149-164页

作者： Formisano, Antonio Chieffo, Nicola Clementi, Francesco Mosoarca, Marius Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture School of Polytechnic and Basic Sciences University of Naples “Federico II” Naples 80125 Italy Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Politehnica University of Timişoara Traian Lalescu Street Timișoara 300223 Romania Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture Polytechnic University of Marche Via Brecce Bianche Ancona 60131 Italy

Background: The Municipality of Baranello, located in the province of Campobasso, is considered as a reference case study for implementing a systematic procedure for the assessment of local site effects. The territory is characterised by a heterogeneous soil, made of a basal interval formed in large part by outcrops found along with the middle-basal bands of the local slopes, which is particularly sensitive to geo-hazard effects. Aims: The present work aims to investigate the influence of local site effects on the seismic vulnerability of an oriented-class of masonry building compounds. The historical buildings surveyed are mainly made up of rough stone masonry, particularly vulnerable to seismic phenomena. The buildings are appropriately grouped in typological classes based on the CARTIS form and then subdivided into different categories according to the EMS-98 scale based on their geometrical and structural characteristics. Methods: The performed vulnerability analysis is based on a vulnerability-index method conceived for buildings grouped in aggregate condition. Moreover, the expected damage scenario is properly evaluated based on a specific attenuation law to take into consideration the effect produced by a reference scenario event. Furthermore, the local site conditions have been evaluated based on a 1D half space approach in order to predict the possible increment of the expected damage due to the soil stratigraphy. Results: The local site conditions provide a global increment of the expected vulnerability of 33% with respect to the case in which the geo-hazard effects are neglected. In this activity framework, typological fragility curves are derived for comparing the exceeding probability thresholds for the examined building classes. Conclusion: The proposed research represents an important starting point for large-scale vulnerability assessment since it provides a simplified and comprehensive method for predicting seismic damage scenarios of historic cente

关键词： Attenuation law Damage scenarios Fragility curves Large-scale analysis Masonry building compounds Site effects Vulnerability assessment Vulnerability curves

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Machine Learning Approaches for Detection/Classification and Prediction Purposes in Pavement engineering Studies: An Overview

Machine Learning Approaches for Detection/Classification and...

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International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics ( SACI)

作者： Nader Karballaeezadeh Ali Maaruof Mohammadzadeh S. Danial Sepehr Zamani Mohammed Mudabbiruddin Faculty of Civil Engineering Architecture and Art Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Faculty of Civil Water and Environmental Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and Urbanism Sadjad University of Technology Mashhad Iran Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran Doctorl School of Material Science and Technology Obuda University Budapest Hungary

In order to maintain, manage, and budget for pavement infrastructure, road pavement condition assessment is necessary. Several pavement characteristics are measured to assess its condition, including pavement strength, roughness, and surface distresses. It is important to categorize studies at deeper levels due to the rapid growth of articles published in this field. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of machine learning-based pavement evaluation studies and their contributions to the area. In order to facilitate the exploration of the studies employing similar methodologies, the studies are organized based on their goals. Therefore, studies are classified based on the two main categories of goals employed in them, namely: 1. Studies with aim of pavement condition prediction and 2. Studies with the aim of pavement distress detection/classification. It is observed that research of category 1 has grown very well during the past years. Also, category 2 includes studies that mostly focus on crack detection and it can be felt that there is a need for expanding the focus of studies on other types of distresses.

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GIS-based spatial prediction of landslide using road factors and random forest for Sichuan-Tibet Highway

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第2期19卷 461-476页

作者： YE Cheng-ming WEI Rui-long GE Yong-gang LI Yao Jose Marcato JUNIOR Jonathan LI Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo Grande 79070-900Brazil Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada

Accurate evaluation of landslide susceptibility is very important to ensure the safe operation of mountain *** Sichuan-Tibet Highway,which traverses the east of the Tibetan Plateau,frequently encounters natural *** studies generally use statistical methods to analyze the hazards along the Sichuan-Tibet *** this research,we present two road factors,namely aspect to road and road profile to increase the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping by considering the influence of landslide movement direction on ***,the aspect to road,which represents the impact of different landslide movement directions on the highway,was extracted by combining road direction with mountain ***,the road profile,which reflects the subgrade structure between the road and surrounding mountains,was extracted according to the terrain ***,the landslide susceptibility maps were produced based on the random forest(RF)method by using 473 landslides and 10 conditioning factors,including road factors(aspect to road,road profile)and primitive factors(slope,aspect,curvature,relief amplitude,peak ground acceleration,crustal movement velocity,faults,rainfall).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and the Gini importance were used to evaluate the performance of proposed road *** AUC values on two groups that add road factors and only use primitive factors were 0.8517 and 0.8243,*** Gini importance indicated that road profile(0.123)and aspect to road(0.116)have a significant contribution to landslides compared with the primitive *** results of multi-collinearity analysis and frequency ratio confirmed the suitability of the road factors for predicting hazards along the highway.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Spatial modeling Random forest Sichuan-Tibet Highway

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Quantifying the impact of Covid-19 on the energy consumption in the low-income housing in Greater London

Quantifying the impact of Covid-19 on the energy consumption...

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2023 International Conference on the Built Environment in Transition, CISBAT 2023

作者： Mohajeri, N. Javanroodi, K. Fergouson, L. Zhou, J. Nik, V. Gudmundsson, A. Anvari, E. Arab Taylor, J. Symonds, P. Davies, M. Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London United Kingdom Division of Building Physics Department of Building and Environmental Technology Lund University Lund Sweden Energy Institute University College London United Kingdom Department of Earth Sciences Royal Holloway University of London United Kingdom Department of Architectural Technology Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Tehran Art University Tehran Iran Dept of Civil Engineering Tampere University Tampere Finland

Covid-19 has caused great challenges to the energy sector, particularly in residential buildings with low-income households. This study investigates the impact of the confinement measures due to the Covid-19 outbreak on the energy demand of seven residential archetype buildings in Greater London. Three levels of confinement for occupant schedules are proposed and compared with the base case before Covid-19. The archetypes, their boundary conditions, and input parameters are set up according to statistics from English Housing Survey (EHS) sample data for low-income housing. The base case scenario (normal life without confinement measures) is validated against the measured data energy consumption from the National Energy Efficiency Data-Framework (NEED) statistics. The results show that electricity consumption is significantly lower than that for heating and hot water for all the archetypes. By comparing the base case scenario with the full Covid-19 lockdown scenario, the results indicate that heating and hot water consumption (kWh) for all the residential archetypes increases, on average, by 10%, and total electricity demand (kWh) increases by 13%. The study highlights the importance of introducing detailed occupancy profiles in multi-zone building energy simulation models during a pandemic that leads to a greater shift towards home working, which may increase the risk of fuel poverty in low-income housing. © 2023 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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A novel Water-Food-Energy nexus approach integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process and Google Earth Engine using global datasets for photovoltaic energy generation

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Renewable Energy Focus 2022年 43卷 210-227页

作者： Martins Moreira, Rodrigo Conceição Paranhos Filho, Antonio Sieber, Stefan Geomatic and Statistics Laboratory - Department of Environmental Engineering 76907-742 - Federal University of Rondônia 351 Rio Amazonas St Jardim dos Migrantes RO Ji-Paraná76900-726 Brazil Laboratory of Geoprocessing applied to environment - Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and Geography Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Av. Costa e Silva – Pioneiros 79070-900 Brazil Müncheberg15374 Germany Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Resource Economics Berlin Germany

Brazil has a continental proportion where many regions have limited access to basic services to guarantee life quality, such as electricity. The universalization of access to electricity is a challenge for remote areas with difficult access to the electrical distribution lines. Energy security modeling offers technological and governance solutions. Our paper presents a script for Google Earth Engine to identify suitable areas for photovoltaic microgrids and a worksheet to calculate the weights of criteria according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The script was applied to a case study in the Taquari Watershed. The Digital Elevation Model of the basin with spatial resolution of 30 meters was used to calculate its solar power generation suitability. The Taquari Watershed has 50% of its area highly suitable for solar power plants installation. Solar radiation ranged from 2.5 to 7.8 kWh.m−***.−1. This research presents an analysis that is highly reproducible for larger areas or other countries due to using globally available datasets, providing decision-making tools to solve problems regarding energy security, tackling water-food-energy threats to remote communities and strengthening the sustainability of territorial planning dynamics. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process

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Reformulating the Rational Method Considering Dissimilar Land Use Types

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Journal of Irrigation and Drainage engineering 2025年第4期151卷

作者： Vasconcelos, Jose G. Gomes, Marcus N. Oliveira, Paulo Tarso S. Yang, Dingyu Fang, Xing Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn Univ. 238 Harbert Engineering Center AuburnAL36849 United States Dept. of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Univ. of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and Geography Federal Univ. of Mato Grosso Do Sul CxP. 549 Campo Grande MS 79070-900 Brazil

The rational method (RM) is one of the most used approaches in engineering practice to determine peak runoff flows. Despite its limitations and the increasing availability of more sophisticated hydrological models, the RM is intuitive, simple, and easy to use, providing rapid estimates frequently used in urban drainage design. The modified rational method (MRM) is an RM-based model that assumes a linear concentration of flows so that there is a linear increase of the runoff off peak flow until the basin time of concentration is reached. In both methods, the design practice averages runoff coefficients when the land use in the drainage areas is dissimilar and assumes that the design rainfall duration should match the whole area's time of concentration (Tc). These methods may provide underestimated peak flows in areas with varied land use in case of very different Tc values. This work introduces the peak flow search approach (PFSA), which generalizes the method for peak flow computation from drainage subareas with different land use types, resulting in the critical rainfall duration not matching the drainage area Tc. The PFSA proposes a heuristic search to determine the critical rainfall duration associated with the peak flow from the combined dissimilar areas. For the tested cases, and depending on the adopted formulation for Tc, the discrepancy in peak flows yielded by RM and the PFSA reached 158%. This easily implementable approach can potentially improve engineering practice through more representative estimates of peak runoff flows. © 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Land use

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The environmental performance of temporary urban interventions: Technical assessment of regeneration initiatives in the city centre of São Paulo, with focus on thermal and acoustic performance 35

The environmental performance of temporary urban interventio...

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35th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy architecture Planning Post Carbon Cities, PLEA 2020

作者： Michalski, Ranny L.X.N. Rodrigues, Lucélia Gonçalves, Joana C.S. Mulfarth, Roberta C.K. Monteiro, Leonardo M. Tubelo, Renata Shimomura, Alessandra R.P. Bley, Carolina O. Vitti, Mariana S. Bilesky, Daniel F. Guimaraes, Maysa M. Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism University of Sao Paulo FAUUSP LABAUT Sao Paulo Brazil University of Nottingham Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9788497497947

Temporary urbanism is an approach to reactivate urban spaces through short-term interventions in a range of urban contexts. In central São Paulo, the Luz and Santa Ifigênia neighbourhoods, characterized by deprivation of their physical environments and social structures, were the focus of this investigation. The Mungunzá Container Theatre and the General Osório Square, located within these neighbourhoods, were selected as case-studies. Whilst the thermal performance of the container theatre itself was the main interest, in the case of the Square the fundamental issue was the environmental noise. The objective was to identify adequate strategies to improve environmental conditions in these locations in order to enhance positive social impact, and, then, contribute to the regeneration of these neighbourhoods. This research was based on fieldwork and analytical procedures of thermal and acoustic performances. In the container theatre building, the adoption of external shading and wider openings for ventilation reduced its indoor peak temperatures and delivered thermal comfort during the warmest period of the year. In the Square, sound absorber road surface material and an acoustic shell were proposed to reduce noise and promote better acoustic quality for outdoor performances. © 2020 PLEA 2020 - 35th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy architecture Planning Post Carbon Cities, Proceedings. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Carbon

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The air velocity’s comparation of different low ventilation heights in model buildings

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2710卷

作者： Augi Sekatia Erni Setyowati Gagoek Hardiman Doctoral Program of Architecture and Urbanism Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

Passive cooling systems in buildings are inseparable from thermal comfort, particularly in regions with tropical climates. Natural Ventilation (NV) as one of the passive cooling systems can be the solution to issues of thermal comfort and energy conservation as it is proven to achieve thermal comfort in a building. Low ventilation is one of the Natural Ventilation systems that is proven to increase indoor air velocity and thermal comfort in a building. This study examines how the height of low ventilation affects indoor air velocity and thermal comfort in a building model with dimensions 2.5 m x 2.5 m. The research employed 180 data of indoor and outdoor air velocity (m/s) with an interval of 1 minute for each height of vents. The heights of the low ventilation in the research are 10 cm, 40 cm, and 70 cm from the floor surface of the model building. From 540 data, it is concluded that with relatively the same wind speed, the low ventilation with a height of 10 cm has the highest air velocity. The lowest air velocity is obtained from the low ventilation with the highest height, which is 70 cm. The research significance is to give a new consideration of the location of the vent holes, particularly low ventilation holes. With their effectiveness in increasing the air velocity, thermal comfort in the building can also be achieved without the use of an active cooling system.

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