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Autocorrelation functions and ergodicity in diffusion with stochastic resetting

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Stojkoski, Viktor Sandev, Trifce Kocarev, Ljupco Pal, Arnab Faculty of Economics Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje1000 Macedonia Research Center for Computer Science and Information Technologies Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Institute of Physics & Astronomy University of Potsdam Institute of Physics Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ss Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ss. Cyril and Methodius University School of Chemistry The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems Tel Aviv University

Diffusion with stochastic resetting is a paradigm of resetting processes. Standard renewal or master equation approach are typically used to study steady state and other transport properties such as average, mean squared displacement etc. What remains less explored is the two time point correlation functions whose evaluation is often daunting since it requires the implementation of the exact time dependent probability density functions of the resetting processes which are unknown for most of the problems. We adopt a different approach that allows us to write a stochastic solution in the level of a single trajectory undergoing resetting. Moments and the autocorrelation functions between any two times along the trajectory can then be computed directly using the laws of total expectation. Estimation of autocorrelation functions turns out to be pivotal for investigating the ergodic properties of various observables for this canonical model. In particular, we investigate two observables (i) sample mean which is widely used in economics and (ii) time-averaged-mean-squared-displacement (TAMSD) which is of acute interest in physics. We find that both diffusion and drift-diffusion processes are ergodic at the mean level unlike their reset-free counterparts. In contrast, resetting renders ergodicity breaking in the TAMSD while both the stochastic processes are ergodic when resetting is absent. We quantify these behaviors with detailed analytical study and corroborate with extensive numerical simulations. The current study provides an important baseline that unifies two different approaches, used ubiquitously in economics and physics, for studying the ergodic properties in diffusion with resetting. We believe that our results can be verified in single particle experimental set-ups and thus have strong implications in the field of resetting. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

Design of a photonic crystal 4 × 2 encoder based on all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第4期57卷

作者： Shahi, Mohsen Sepahvandi, Vahid Saghaei, Hamed Nurmohammadi, Tofiq Bahloul, Faouzi Jafari, Behnam Karar, Abdullah S. Soroosh, Mohammad Adibnia, Ehsan Department of Electrical Engineering Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Faculty of Physics University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Energy and Environment Research Center Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz*** Iran SERCOM laboratory University of Carthage Tunisia Polytechnic School EPT B.P. 743 Carthage2078 Tunisia Department of Electronics Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada Optiwave Inc. OttawaONK2E 7X1 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran P.O. Box *** Zahedan Iran

This study presents the design and optimization of multi-functional all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effects within two-dimensional photonic crystal structures. Our approach aims to address the growing demand for high-performance components in next-generation photonic integrated circuits (PICs). We enhanced the structure’s applicability and performance by carefully optimizing the output waveguide configuration. Our design achieved impressive performance metrics, including a response time of approximately 0.15 ps, a contrast ratio of 32.88 dB, and a bit rate of roughly 6.67 Tbit/s. Notably, the compact size of 83.55 μm² makes our design particularly suitable for PICs. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we developed an optimized 4 × 2 encoder based on the same design principles. This more complex structure with a compact size of 133.67 μm² exhibited a contrast ratio of approximately 26.54 dB, further validating the flexibility and practicality of our designs for integration into optical circuits. Our methodology employed the plane wave expansion method for determining and analyzing the photonic bandgap range. In contrast, the finite-difference time-domain method was utilized to simulate and evaluate the proposed structures’ performance. These results collectively demonstrate the significant potential of our designs for future PIC applications, offering a promising pathway toward high-performance, integrated optical computing systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

Secure Performance Analysis of RIS-aided Wireless Communication Systems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Do, Dinh-Thuan Le, Anh-Tu Mumtaz, Shahid Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Faculty of Information Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Instituto de Telecomunicações Aveiro Portugal ARIES Research Center Universidad Antonio de Nebrija C/Pirineos 55 MadridE-28040 Spain

Since Internet of Things (IoT) is suggested as the fundamental platform to adapt massive connections and secure transmission, we study physical-layer authentication in the point-to-point wireless systems relying on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) technique. Due to lack of direct link from IoT devices (both legal and illegal devices) to the access point, we benefit from RIS by considering two main secure performance metrics. As main goal, we examine the secrecy performance of a RIS-aided wireless communication systems which show secure performance in the presence of an eavesdropping IoT devices. In this circumstance, RIS is placed between the access point and the legitimate devices and is designed to enhance the link security. To specify secure system performance metrics, we firstly present analytical results for the secrecy outage probability. Then, secrecy rate is further examined. Interestingly, we are to control both the average signal-to-noise ratio at the source and the number of metasurface elements of the RIS to achieve improved system performance. We verify derived expressions by matching Monte-Carlo simulation and analytical results. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Internet of things

Software Architecture for Quantum Computing Systems - A Systematic Review

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Khan, Arif Ali Ahmad, Aakash Waseem, Muhammad Liang, Peng Fahmideh, Mahdi Mikkonen, Tommi Abrahamsson, Pekka M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu90014 Finland School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Leipzig Germany School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China School of Business University of Southern Queensland QLD Australia Faculty of Information Technology University of Jyväskylä JyvaskylaFI-40014 Finland

Quantum computing systems rely on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform a multitude of computationally challenging tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. The architecture of software-intensive systems can empower architects who can leverage architecture-centric processes, practices, description languages to model, develop, and evolve quantum computing software (quantum software for short) at higher abstraction levels. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to investigate (i) architectural process, (ii) modeling notations, (iii) architecture design patterns, (iv) tool support, and (iv) challenging factors for quantum software architecture. Results of the SLR indicate that quantum software represents a new genre of software-intensive systems;however, existing processes and notations can be tailored to derive the architecting activities and develop modeling languages for quantum software. Quantum bits (Qubits) mapped to Quantum gates (Qugates) can be represented as architectural components and connectors that implement quantum software. Tool-chains can incorporate reusable knowledge and human roles (e.g., quantum domain engineers, quantum code developers) to automate and customize the architectural process. Results of this SLR can facilitate researchers and practitioners to develop new hypotheses to be tested, derive reference architectures, and leverage architecture-centric principles and practices to engineer emerging and next generations of quantum software. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Modeling languages

Gamified crowdsourcing for idiom corpora construction

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Eryigit, Gülşen Şentaş, Ali Monti, Johanna NLP Research Group Faculty of Computer&Informatics Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey UNIOR NLP Research Group Department of Literary Linguistic and Comparative Studies University of Naples L’Orientale Italy

Learning idiomatic expressions is seen as one of the most challenging stages in second language learning because of their unpredictable meaning. A similar situation holds for their identification within natural language processing applications such as machine translation and parsing. The lack of high-quality usage samples exacerbates this challenge not only for humans but also for artificial intelligence systems. This article introduces a gamified crowdsourcing approach for collecting language learning materials for idiomatic expressions;a messaging bot is designed as an asynchronous multiplayer game for native speakers who compete with each other while providing idiomatic and nonidiomatic usage examples and rating other players’ entries. As opposed to classical crowdprocessing annotation efforts in the field, for the first time in the literature, a crowdcreating & crowdrating approach is implemented and tested for idiom corpora construction. The approach is language independent and evaluated on two languages in comparison to traditional data preparation techniques in the field. The reaction of the crowd is monitored under different motivational means (namely, gamification affordances and monetary rewards). The results reveal that the proposed approach is powerful in collecting the targeted materials, and although being an explicit crowdsourcing approach, it is found entertaining and useful by the crowd. The approach has been shown to have the potential to speed up the construction of idiom corpora for different natural languages to be used as second language learning material, training data for supervised idiom identification systems, or samples for lexicographic studies. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

Multi-lingual Handwriting Recovery Framework based on Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder with Attention model

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TechRxiv

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Rabhi, Besma Elbaati, Abdelkarim Boubaker, Houcine Pal, Umapada Alimi, Adel M. University of Sfax National Engineering School of Sfax REGIM-Lab.: REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines LR11ES48 Sfax3038 Tunisia University of Monastir Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia REGIM-Lab.: REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines LR11ES48 Mahdia5121 Tunisia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 B. T. Road Kolkata700108 India Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

For several decades, the offline handwriting recognition problem has escaped a satisfactory solution. In the field of online recognition, researchers have had more successful performance, but the ability to extract dynamic information from static images has not been well explored yet. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-lingual word handwriting recovery framework based on a convolutional denoising autoencoder with an attention model for pen up / down, velocity and temporal order recovery. The proposed framework consists of extracting robust features from a handwriting image using a stacked denoising autoencoder and an encoder Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BGRU) model. Then, the obtained vectors are decoded to produce an online script with dynamic characteristics using a BGRU with temporal attention. Evaluation is done on a Latin and Arabic Online and offline handwriting character / word databases and the proposed framework achieves high competitive results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of its kind. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Recovery

Survival analysis of Kasturi tobacco plants in Jember district using the stratified cox and extended cox models.

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MethodsX 2025年 14卷

作者： Pratama, Angga Iryanto Rantini, Dwi Ningrum, Ratih Ardiati Ramadan, Arip Othman, Fazidah Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Research Group of Data-Driven Decision Support System Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Information System Study Program School of Industrial and System Engineering Telkom University Surabaya Campus Surabaya 60231 Indonesia Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaya Malaysia

In 2022, tobacco was the top export commodity, generating $106.3 million in sales. East Java Province contributes significantly to Indonesia's tobacco production, with an annual output of 188.6 thousand tons. Jember Regency is the area in East Java Province which is a Kasturi tobacco cultivation area. The productivity of Kasturi tobacco continues to decrease due to several factors that can affect the survival of the tobacco. This study aims to analyze the survival of Kasturi tobacco by creating stratified Cox and extended Cox models in order to handle factors that cannot fulfill the proportional hazard assumption. Based on the results of the analysis, the stratified Cox model is the best model with AIC and BIC values of 798.108 and 805.5748 respectively, while the extended Cox has AIC and BIC values of 840.2186 and 850.1732 respectively. Variables that can significantly affect the survival of Kasturi tobacco are the variable concentration of ZA fertilizer, pesticide concentration. The addition of ZA fertilizer must be appropriate, because if excessive it can cause poisoning of tobacco plants. Likewise with pesticides, if excessive it will cause damage to the leaves. This policy can increase the productivity of Kasturi tobacco. Then, Jember Regency contributes greater export capacity. • This paper aims to determine the factors that affect the survival of Kasturi tobacco plants in Jember • By using the extended Cox model, the best one is obtained using the Heaviside function with AIC and BIC values of 840.2186 and 850.1732, respectively • The stratified Cox model is better than the extended Cox model, which has AIC and BIC values of 798.108 and 805.5748, respectively © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Cox proportional hazard Extended cox Kasturi tobacco Productive agriculture Stratified cox

A Hybrid Intelligent Framework for Maximising SAG Mill Throughput: An Integration of Expert Knowledge, Machine Learning and Evolutionary Algorithms for Parameter Optimisation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ghasemi, Zahra Neshat, Mehdi Aldrich, Chris Karageorgos, John Zanin, Max Neumann, Frank Chen, Lei School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide North Terrace AdelaideSA5005 Australia Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research & Optimisation Torrens University Australia Brisbane4006 Australia Western Australian School of Mines Curtin University PerthWA6845 Australia Manta Controls Pty Ltd 1 Sharon Pl GrangeSA5022 Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide North Terrace AdelaideSA5005 Australia School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering The University of South Australia AdelaideSA5095 Australia School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace AdelaideSA5005 Australia Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia

In mineral processing plants, grinding is a crucial step, accounting for approximately 50% of the total mineral processing costs. Semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mills are extensively employed in the grinding circuit of mineral processing plants. Maximising SAG mill throughput is of significant importance considering its profound financial outcomes. However, the optimum process parameter setting aimed at achieving maximum mill throughput remains an uninvestigated domain in prior research. This study introduces a hybrid intelligent framework leveraging expert knowledge, machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms to address this research need. In this study, we utilise an extensive industrial dataset comprising 36,743 records and select relevant features based on the insights of industry experts. Following the removal of erroneous data, a comprehensive evaluation of 17 diverse machine learning models is undertaken to identify the most accurate predictive model. To improve the model’s performance, feature selection and outlier detection are executed. The resultant optimal model, trained with refined features, serves as the objective function within three distinct evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms are employed to identify parameter configurations that maximise SAG mill throughput while adhering to the working limits of input parameters as constraints. Notably, our analysis revealed that CatBoost, as an ensemble model, stands out as the most accurate predictor. Furthermore, differential evolution emerges as the preferred optimisation algorithm, exhibiting superior performance in both achieving the highest mill throughput predictions and ensuring robustness in predictions, surpassing alternative methods. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

Diversity Schemes in Multi-hop Visible Light Communications for 6G Networks

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Procedia computer Science 2021年 182卷 140-149页

作者： Alice Faisal Rawan Alghamdi Hayssam Dahrouj Hadi Sarieddeen Nasir Saeed Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri Mohamed-Slim Alouini Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John\x92s NL A1C 5S7 Canada Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence for NEOM Research Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia National University of Technology Islamabad Pakistan

With the fast-emerging trend of deploying Internet-of-things (IoT) in smart homes and cities, next-generation wireless systems (i.e., beyond fifth-generation (5G) of wireless mobile communications) are expected to connect a plurality of devices, including machines, sensors, tablets, cameras, etc. To this end, the radio frequency (RF) spectrum would fail to fulfill the demands of such enormous data-heavy wireless applications, as operating at the RF spectrum would largely suffer from data congestion and interference. Based on the potential of Visible Light Communications (VLC) to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity and satisfy the high data-rate requirements of beyond 5G systems, this paper focuses on utilizing VLC for IoT applications in indoor environments by means of adequately routing data among VLCbased nodes. Operating at the unlicensed optical band in the visible light region utilizes simple Light-Emitting-Diodes (LEDs), which is a health-friendly communication method. VLC has the advantages of providing ultra-high bandwidth, robustness to electromagnetic interference, and inherent physical security. VLC, however, suffers from severe short communication ranges and line-of-sight (LoS) constraints. This paper proposes overcoming such challenges by means of adopting a transmit diversity scheme that transmits messages over several paths. In order to reduce the receiver outage probability, the paper proposes multiple combination schemes at the receiver side, namely selection combining, maximal-ratio combining, and threshold combining. The simulation results assess the effectiveness of the proposed diversity schemes in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio and outage probability and illustrate the suitability of deploying VLC for next-generation indoor networks. The results show that that maximal-ratio combining outperforms selection combining and threshold combining by approximately 10% and 40%, respectively.

关键词： 6G Visible Light Communication Diversity Combination Protocols Internet-of-things Indoor Applications