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AE-MCDM: an autoencoder-based multi-criteria decision-making approach for unsupervised feature selection

Journal of Supercomputing 2025年第7期81卷 1-44页

作者： Hashemi, Amin Dowlatshahi, Mohammad Bagher Farshidi, Siamak Moradi, Parham Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lorestan University Khorramabad Iran Informal Technology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Netherlands School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Australia

Feature selection is a fundamental technique for reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional data by identifying the most relevant features while discarding redundant or irrelevant ones. In unsupervised settings, where labeled data are unavailable and labeling is costly, effective feature selection becomes even more challenging. This paper proposes AE-MCDM, a novel unsupervised feature selection method that integrates autoencoder-based feature extraction with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The autoencoder captures high-level feature representations, and the connection weights between input features and hidden neurons reflect feature importance. These weights are then processed using MCDM to rank and select the most informative features. Unlike conventional unsupervised feature selection methods, AE-MCDM leverages deep representation learning to enhance feature evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine autoencoders with MCDM for feature selection. Extensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate that AE-MCDM outperforms existing methods in terms of clustering performance, measured by metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and normalized mutual information (NMI), while also achieving competitive computational efficiency. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Labeled data

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Classification of human-written and AI-generated sentences using a hybrid CNN-GRU model optimized by the spotted hyena algorithm

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 116-130页

作者： Ragab, Mahmoud Ashary, Ehab Bahaudien Kateb, Faris Hakeem, Abeer Mosli, Rayan Albogami, Nasser N. Nooh, Sameer Information Technology Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in generating human-like text poses significant challenges in distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated content. Recent advancements in natural language generation have significantly enhanced the quality and variety of AI-generated text, making it almost indistinguishable from human-written content. ChatGPT, a popular AI model, belongs to the generative pre-trained transformer family. While human content is created with a clear intent to convey meaning, AI-generated text aims to replicate human-like language. Classifying human-written and AI-generated sentences is crucial for addressing issues like fake news, plagiarism, and spamming. AI text often follows repetitive patterns, while human writing is more creative and original, making detection significant for combating misinformation. Therefore, this study proposes to classify human-written and AI-generated sentences using a hybrid CNN-GRU model optimized by the Spotted Hyena Algorithm (CHWAIG-DLSHO) approach. The approach involves preprocessing text data through tokenization, lemmatization, and data splitting, followed by word embedding using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). A hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model is employed for sentence classification. The spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) model is utilized to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the CNN-GRU model, enhancing its performance. The analysis of the CHWAIG-DLSHO method takes place utilizing AI vs. human text dataset. The performance validation of the CHWAIG-DLSHO method portrayed a superior accuracy value of 99.17 % over existing techniques. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Neuroadaptive Containment Control for Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Input Saturation: An Event-Triggered Communication Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 2025年第5期55卷 3163-3173页

作者： Wang, Xin Zhang, Sen Li, Huaqing Zhang, Wei Li, Hongyi Huang, Tingwen Southwest University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing400715 China Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

In this article, a neuroadaptive event-triggered containment control strategy combined with the dynamic surface control (DSC) approach is proposed for nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with input saturation. Based on the event-triggered communication mechanisms, the updates of neural network weight and controllers are implemented solely under triggering conditions of violation, which markedly reduces unnecessary communication resources and minimizes inefficient control costs compared with the traditional control method. Radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs) are employed to handle the nonlinear uncertainties of MASs. Simultaneously, an adaptive compensatory mechanism is incorporated within the backstepping process to address the nonlinear effect posed by input saturation. Additionally, we demonstrate the system stability by extending the Lyapunov theorem to jump and continuous scenarios while excluding Zeno behavior, realizing that all followers can enter the convex hull constructed by leaders. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified through application simulations. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Radial basis function networks

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Exploiting Multi-Level Data Uncertainty for Japanese-Chinese Neural Machine Translation

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IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems 2025年第5期E108.D卷 440-443页

作者： Li, Zezhong Ma, Jianjun Ren, Fuji Faculty of Computer Science Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power China Faculty of Foreign Languages Dalian University of Technology China College of Computer Science and Engineering The Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China

The performance of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) heavily depends on the severity of data uncertainty existing in the training examples. In terms of its causes, data uncertainty can be categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic uncertainty, both of which can increase the learning difficulty in NMT, and lead to degradation in translation performance. To cope with this challenge, we propose a simple yet effective method to estimate the data uncertainty and incorporate it into the adaptive training of NMT, which can mitigate the hurt brought by the uncertain data. Our method consists of two modules: 1) we propose a mBERT based model for estimating token-level and sentence-level data uncertainties jointly, which is trained with multi-task learning;2) we propose heterogeneous ways of incorporating the derived multi-level uncertainties into the NMT training by using soft-masked embedding and weighted loss. Extensive experiments on Japanese↔Chinese translation show that our proposed methods substantially outperform the strong baselines in terms of BLEU scores, and verify the effectiveness of modeling data uncertainty in NMT. Copyright © 2025 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Uncertainty-Adaptive Line Voltage Optimization in Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters 16

Uncertainty-Adaptive Line Voltage Optimization in Cascaded H...

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16th Annual Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference, PEDSTC 2025

作者： Reyneh, Faegheh Taghipour Mohammadpour, Mohammadhossein Ghoreishy, Hoda Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Babol Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533946

This paper proposes a novel line voltage-derived formulation to reduce and eliminate third-order harmonics due to uncertainty in DC link voltages of cascaded H -Bridge (CHB) inverters. These converters produce third-order harmonics because the DC voltage that owes to these converters may vary from one line of the 3 -phase inverter. The efficiency of the converter and lowering those unwanted harmonics are optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method. By finding the best patterns of switching, it is possible to remove as many unwanted harmonics and have voltage at line frequencies all the time during changes in DC voltages. This is demonstrated by the simulation results, which show that this technique works well in improving output power quality and reducing third harmonic order. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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From 5G to 6G: The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Wireless Systems 4

From 5G to 6G: The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Le...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Gote, Pradnyawant M. Kumar, Praveen Verma, Prateek Yesankar, Prajyot Pawar, Adesh Saratkar, Saniya Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science & Design Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science & Medical Engineering Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Maharashtra Wardha442001 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

The swift progression of wireless communication technologies-specifically from 5G to 6G is an approach that could be the most significant revolutionary leap towards changing connectivity and data transmission forever. Additionally, algorithms of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in 5G and 6G can offer promising advancements toward predictive maintenance, dynamic spectrum management, and enhanced security. The review of the potentially transformative nature of these technologies underlines the need for future directions of research efforts called for in circumventing challenges towards making full capability exploitation of 6G possible. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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AN ITERATIVE TWO-GRID METHOD FOR STRONGLY NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2025年第3期43卷 673-689页

作者： Jiajun Zhan Lei Yang Xiaoqing Xing Liuqiang Zhong School of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Mathematical Sciences South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China

We design and analyze an iterative two-grid algorithm for the finite element discretizations of strongly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems in this *** propose an iterative two-grid algorithm,in which a nonlinear problem is first solved on the coarse space,and then a symmetric positive definite problem is solved on the fine *** main contribution in this paper is to establish a first convergence analysis,which requires dealing with four coupled error estimates,for the iterative two-grid *** also present some numerical experiments to confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Iterative two-grid method Convergence Strongly nonlinear elliptic problems

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Generating Temporal Contact Graphs Using Random Walkers

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 1649-1659页

作者： Almasan, Anton-David Shvydun, Sergey Scholtes, Ingo Van Mieghem, Piet Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 CD Netherlands 50 Würzburg97074 Germany

We study human mobility networks through timeseries of contacts between individuals. Our proposed Random Walkers Induced temporal Graph (RWIG) model generates temporal graph sequences based on independent random walkers that traverse an underlying graph in discrete time steps. Co-location of walkers at a given node and time defines an individual-level contact. RWIG is shown to be a realistic model for temporal human contact graphs, which may place RWIG on a same footing as the Erdos–Renyi (ER) and Barabasi–Albert (BA) models for fixed graphs. Moreover, RWIG is analytically feasible: we derive closed form solutions for the probability distribution of contact graphs. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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