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Study on Reconfigurable Repeater-Based RSMA Systems

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 2025年第5期14卷 1371-1375页

作者： Vu, Thai-Hoc Tu, Ngo Hoang Bao, Vo Nguyen Quoc University of Ulsan Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of Seoul National University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Van Lang University Faculty of Information Technology School of Technology Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam

The key idea of using active reconfigurable repeaters (ARRs) is to enhance wireless communications by amplifying incoming signals with minimal signal processing complexity and design overhead, while leveraging rate-splitting multiple-access (RSMA) for efficient interference management and simplified multiple-access operations. However, signal attenuation in wireless propagation over long distances leads to poor performance quality for RSMA users. This raises the concern: Can RSMA systems exploit ARRs to improve user performance and fairness? This work concentrates on a typical two-user scenario, develops information-theoretic analytical frameworks for outage probability and ergodic rate, and constructs efficient optimization frameworks to ensure user fairness. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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On Campus Low-cost FSO Communication Link Analysis for Backhaul Connectivity in B5G Communications 37

On Campus Low-cost FSO Communication Link Analysis for Backh...

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Free-Space Laser Communications XXXVII 2025

作者： Saeed, Saad Khan, Abdullah Nafis Younis, Usman Faculty of Engineering Information Technology University of the Punjab Arfa Software Technology Park Ferozepur Road Lahore54600 Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684584

Increasing demand of high-speed connectivity has challenged the future technologies (5G/B5G) in terms of large bandwidth, ultralow latency, massive coverage, reliable connectivity and rapid deployment. Free space optical (FSO) communication addresses these challenges in a cost effective way due to its unlicensed spectrum, high data-rate and long range. To develop a low-cost indoor FSO link, we present high-speed transceivers based on laser diode and photodiode. The transceiver link has achieved signal transmission up to 65 MHz providing minimum data rate of 130 Mbps using NRZ modulation. Link measurements are performed in an indoor campus environment by employing an optical assembly consisting plano-convex lenses, to achieve a range of 50 meters. An experimental demonstration of a square wave transmission up to 1 MHz is presented along with 53% improved quality of retrieved signal. Moreover, OSNR (13.6 dB) and BER (10−9) parameters are studied to enhance the performance of future FSO networks. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Space optics

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A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the participation of smart students to increase the class performance

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Soft Computing 2025年第6期29卷 2829-2844页

作者： Pira, Einollah Rouhi, Alireza Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Engineering Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz-Maragheh East-Azarbaijan Tabriz*** Iran

The learning and teaching power of the students in different courses can be different according to their intelligence and talent. One student can be smart in a single course while he/she is lazy in other courses. After teaching all courses by the class teacher, the lazy students in each course are taught again by the smart student in the course. Inspired by this fact, we present a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Participation of Smart Students (PSS) in increasing the class efficiency. The effectiveness of the PSS algorithm has been analyzed by 10 general test functions, 9 test functions from CEC 2019, and 12 test functions from CEC 2022. The results of PSS algorithm are compared with the effectiveness of eight recently developed well-known algorithms, i.e., Teaching and Learning-based Optimization (TLBO) Algorithm, Black Widow Optimization (BWO), Political Optimization (PO), Barnacle Mating Optimizer (BMO),Chimpanzee Optimization Algorithm (CHOA), Aquila Optimizer (AO), Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA), Prairie Dog Optimization (PDO), and Fick’s Law Optimization (FLA). Comparison of the results obtained by the Friedman rank and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, for all 31 test functions, shows that PSS outperforms TLBO, BMO, BWO, CHOA, AO, RSA, PDO, and FLA algorithms by 38%, 38%, 64%, 74%, 45%, 64%, 58%, and 35%, respectively. Moreover, the PSS algorithm has a higher convergence speed and hit rate (= 35%) than all other compared algorithms. Finally, the reported results of solving two practical optimization problems by the PSS algorithm confirm its higher effectiveness compared to some good algorithms in the literature. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Students

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Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph with Heptapartitioend Structure

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 80卷 728-748页

作者： Fathi, Hanaa Myvizhi, M. Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Eassa, Mohamed Sawah, Mohamed S. Elbehiery, Hussam College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman Jordan KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National University P.O.43 Ajloun26810 Jordan

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioend Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Graph Neutrosophic Sets SVHN-Graph

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How color profile affects the visual quality in light field rendering and novel view synthesis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 11079-11095页

作者： Chlubna, Tomáš Milet, Tomáš Zemčík, Pavel Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Božetěchova 2/1 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology School of Engineering Science Yliopistonkatu 34 Lappeenranta53850 Finland

This paper investigates the impact of image color profile on the visual quality in light field rendering. Light field rendering methods require several input views, capturing the same scene from different camera positions. These views can be captured in real life by cameras or rendered from synthetic 3D scenes. A novel view can be synthesized from the input views, capturing the scene from a virtual camera position. Modern cinematography makes use of various color profiles that affect how the measured light on the camera sensor is translated into the color values of the digital image. Different profiles can be used for different purposes, be it artistic or pragmatic to reveal necessary details. The main scientific question of this paper is if certain color profiles can lead to better quality of the novel view synthesis in light field rendering. The paper shows that logarithmic profiles can significantly improve the visual quality. Three light field rendering methods from different categories were used to compare 17 widely used color profiles. Additional measurements show that post processing and color grading needs to be applied at the very end of the rendering pipeline to ensure the best quality. Also, the effect of denoising algorithms on light field rendering is measured. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cameras

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Feature-Based Machine Unlearning for Vertical Federated Learning in IoT Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第6期24卷 5031-5044页

作者： Pan, Zijie Ying, Zuobin Wang, Yajie Zhang, Chuan Zhang, Weiting Zhou, Wanlei Zhu, Liehuang City University of Macau Faculty of Data Science China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing China

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), managing the deluge of data generated by distributed devices presents unique challenges, particularly concerning privacy and the efficient use of computational resources. Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) offers a promising avenue for collaborative machine learning without centralizing data, thereby addressing privacy concerns inherent in traditional approaches. However, as data privacy laws and personal data deletion requests become more prevalent, the necessity for effective machine unlearning strategies within VFL frameworks grows increasingly important. To this end, this paper introduces a novel approach to feature-based machine unlearning tailored specifically for VFL systems in IoT networks. Our methodology enables the selective removal of data influence from trained models without the need for full retraining, thus preserving model utility while ensuring compliance with privacy requirements. By integrating a combination of feature relevance measuring techniques and efficient communication protocols, our solution minimizes the data footprint on network nodes, reduces bandwidth consumption, and maintains the integrity and performance of the learning models. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed framework represents the first practical approach to enable machine unlearning within vertical federated learning environments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through rigorous evaluation using several IoT datasets, highlighting significant improvements in unlearning efficiency and model robustness compared to existing techniques. Our work not only furthers the development of sustainable and compliant machine learning models in IoT but also sets a foundational framework for future research in secure and efficient data management within federated environments. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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MDAC-Net: A Multi-Scale Dense Attention Cascade Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation from Fundus Images

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 38091-38103页

作者： Li, Jia Huang, Li Ouyang, Hao Cai, Dingjian Zheng, Shuoqi Yang, Min Wuyi University School of Electronics and Information Engineering Jiangmen529020 China Macau University of Science and Technology Faculty of Innovation Engineering China Shinawatra University Academy of Arts and Philosophy Bangkok12160 Thailand

The precise segmentation of retinal vessel can facilitate more accurate evaluation of the health of subject by medical professionals. The raid advancement of deep learning technology has led to the remarkable performance of U-Net and its variant networks in retinal vessel segmentation tasks. However, the existing algorithms still face challenges in obtaining high-precision segmentation results, manifested in the complex and variable structure of the retinal vessel itself;the existing U-Net series networks have problems such as a lack of linguistic information, limited receptive field and insufficient learning capacity for small vessel. We propose a novel retinal vessel segmentation network, named multi-scale dense attention cascade network (MDAC-Net), which incorporates multi-scale feature fusion and co-optimization of multiple attention mechanisms to deal with the above challenges. 1) We propose a new inter-stage attention module (NIAM) to realize the information exchange between the subnetworks, which promote the fine particles segment subnetwork (FPSS) to pay more attention to small vessel region. 2) Considering the context information and vessel details, we adopt dilated convolution module (DCM) to replace the traditional convolution operation. 3) We integrate a multi-scale convolutional attention module (MBAM) in the subnetwork, which suppress noise and irrelevant information. 4) We use Grad-CAM to visualize the segmentation results, which can guide doctors to analyze the pathogenic factors of different subjects more accurately. The experimental results demonstrate that MDAC-Net, while remaining relatively lightweight, achieves accuracy of more than 97% on three public datasets, especially remarkable segmentation effects for small vessel. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Ophthalmology

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Learning to communicate using a communication critic and counterfactual reasoning

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-18页

作者： Vanneste, Simon Vanneste, Astrid Mets, Kevin De Schepper, Tom Anwar, Ali Mercelis, Siegfried Hellinckx, Peter IDLab - Department of Electronics and Information and Communication Technology Faculty of Applied Engineering University of Antwerp - imec Sint-Pietersvliet 7 Antwerp2000 Belgium AI & Data Department imec Sint-Pietersvliet 7 Antwerp2000 Belgium M4S - Department of Electronics and Information and Communication Technology Faculty of Applied Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp2020 Belgium

Learning to communicate in order to share state information is an active problem in the area of multi-agent reinforcement learning. The credit assignment problem, the non-stationarity of the communication environment and the problem of encouraging the agents to be influenced by incoming messages are major challenges within this research field which need to be overcome in order to learn a valid communication protocol. This paper introduces the novel multi-agent counterfactual communication learning (MACC) method which adapts counterfactual reasoning in order to overcome the credit assignment problem for communicating agents. Next, the non-stationarity of the communication environment, while learning the communication Q-function, is overcome by creating the communication Q-function using the action policy of the other agents and the Q-function of the action environment. As the exact method to create the communication Q-function can be computationally intensive for a large number of agents, two approximation methods are proposed. Additionally, a social loss function is introduced in order to create influenceable agents, which is required to learn a valid communication protocol. Our experiments show that MACC is able to outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in four different scenarios in the particle environment. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability of MACC in a matrix environment. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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A Low-Profile Implantable Antenna for Heart Implants

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年第5期73卷 3310-3315页

作者： Alghamdi, Abdulwahab Basir, Abdul Iqbal, Amjad Simorangkir, Roy B. V. B. Mabrouk, Ismail Ben Durham University Department of Engineering DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Tampere University Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences Finland

The complex nature of the human body and the interaction between implantable antennas and electronic components can result in detuning issues. A wide bandwidth is critical for mitigating these issues and improving channel capacity. This paper presents a compact implantable antenna that provides ultra-wide bandwidth for leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs). The proposed antenna has an ultra-compact size of 8.33 mm³, with a 10-dB bandwidth of 4.33 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 152.7%), spanning from 0.67 to 5 GHz. It covers the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands (0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz), the Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band (1.4 GHz), and the midfield band (1.6 GHz). Simulation results demonstrate gains of −31.3 dBi at 0.915 GHz, −25.8 dBi at 1.4 GHz, and −21.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz. This antenna exhibits peak Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values of 320.4 W/kg at 0.915 GHz, 332.8 W/kg at 1.4 GHz, and 464.1 W/kg at 2.45 GHz. To ensure the reliability of the wireless communication link, the link budget is analyzed to estimate the range between the transmitter and receiver at data rates of 10 and 25 Mbps. To validate the results, the manufactured antenna is tested with minced pork, demonstrating a satisfactory agreement between the measured and simulated outcomes. ©1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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