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SSRN 2022年

作者： Kacprzak, Malgorzata Jadwiga Stolarska, Magdalena Lis, Piotr Institute of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering Mechanics and Petrochemistry Warsaw University of Technology Plock Poland Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment Czestochowa University of Technology Czestochowa Poland

The fungal communities inhabiting multi-family building (N = 33 apartments) with natural ventilation were determined during seasonal variation in south part of Poland (Silesia region). It was found that average level of CO2 concentration usually not exceeded 1000 ppm. The minimal value was noted in November (autumn) – 402 ppm, however maximal obtained CO2 concentration in June (summer)was equal 6156 ppm. The average fungal colony forming unts (CFU/m3) was calculated as follows: 1.06 x 102 (February), 1.17 x 102 (June) and 2.98 x 102 (November). The most frequently occurred species/genera: yeast and yeast like fungi, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhodotorula rubra;Culvaraia lunata, Dematiaceae family, Ulocladium consortiale, Verticillium spp.;Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata;Oidiodendron griseum. The cluster analysis shown no the mutual similarity between communities of air fungi isolated from bathrooms of all studied apartments as well as among communities isolated form other indoor spaces (room, kitchen, hall). A statistically significant correlations between the concentration of fungi in the air and parameters such as external humidity, carbon dioxide level, and external temperature were found. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Decoding Vehicle Motion Data on the Internal Network

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Open Transportation Journal 2023年第1期17卷 e187444782301030页

作者： Ghadi, Maen Qaseem Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan St 594 Airport Rd Amman 11733 Jordan

Background: Encrypting functions of vehicle internal networks makes the lives of third parties more difficult since, in most cases, the meaning of messages carried by the CAN bus is not disclosed Objectives: This paper proposes a reverse engineering method to discover, to a large extent, the semantics of CAN messages in a vehicle internal network. Methods: A filtering mechanism has been applied that includes several statistical processes to interpret the codes of CAN messages. The speed change function of a vehicle has been chosen as an example to be followed in the development steps of this approach to predict the motion mechanism of the vehicle. The selected codes were verified by developing a multilevel model that relates the hierarchical relationship between the bytes and IDs and their impact on the speed factor. Results: The most influential IDs and bytes on vehicle speed functions were: ID 512, ID 520, ID 664, B2, B4, and B6, respectively. Conclusion: The selected codes used to model the observed speed do not mean they all share the speed function, but there is a good possibility that at least some fulfill this function. However, with some optimization, the same methodology can be applied to detect other semantic messages in the CAN network based on the expected data type. © 2023 Maen Qaseem Ghadi.

关键词： CAN bus Network Hierarchical structure Multilevel model Reverse engineering Vehicle internal network Vehicle speed

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2024年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： Andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 USM PenangMalaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Auchi PolytechnicAuchiNigeria Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Building Technology Faculty of Built EnvironmentAccra Technical UniversityAccraGhana Nigerian Institute of Management Port HarcourtNigeria

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment *** contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this ***,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on ***,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract *** investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data *** interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction *** data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic *** study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the *** the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the *** study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these *** conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their *** may serve

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction 2

Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction

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2nd International Conference on Sciences and technology Applications, ICOSTA 2020

作者： Retno Susilorini, Rr M. I. Lika, Rusnianti Rambu Sriyana Angghita, Lintang Jata Sinaga, Julio Ignatius Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Environmental and Urban Studies Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Climate change has affected the whole world and caused disasters, include drought. Since Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba District is the driest remote area in eastern region of Indonesia, gender inequality has affected in daily life of people in the village instead of other social and environmental problems. This research aimed to evaluate how gender mainstreaming implemented in drought disaster risk reduction in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the research is expected to become a mirror that reflects Sumba island gender and development issues. The research took place in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and conducted by qualitative method with purposive data sampling. The steps taken in the research were observation, data collecting by questionnaire and in-depth interview to respondents, and literature review. It was reported that Tana Mbanas village people has given water management assistance by village fund, conducting water management counselling, saving water, and harvesting rain systems in every household. This research meets conclusions that: (1) Several programs and planned actions in water supply system and infrastructure development have become initiatives of government agencies of village authorities, BPBD and Public Work Agency of Central Sumba Regency;(2) People demonstrated vulnerability to drought as well as lack of water supply and also water resources;(3) Strong efforts should be conducted to educate people and increase women capacity in coping issues of poverty, drought, and lack of water supply;and (4) Government agencies and other private institutions have to build women capacity as their participation in enhancing gender equality and mainstreaming gender. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Water management

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Tensile Testing Based on the Polarization-maintaining Fiber Powered by an SM Optical Fibre

Tensile Testing Based on the Polarization-maintaining Fiber ...

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Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics engineering (ICECCME), International Conference on

作者： Martin Kyselak Jiri Vavra Zdenek Vylezich David Grenar Karel Slavicek Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Military Technology University of Defense Brno Czech Republic Dept. of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Eng. and Communication University of Technology Brno Czech Republic IT Infrastructure Division Institute of Computer Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9798350391183

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391190

Optical fibre sensors are currently used to detect many non-electrical phenomena. The latest sensors analyze the polarization properties of light inside an optical fiber. Unlike interferometric methods, this method uses the interference of two planes of polarization at the output of the optical fibre. The sensors are divided into linear polarizer sensors or multi-fibre interference sensors based on different ways of converting the polarization state into a change in the intensity of the optical radiation. These sensors are particularly suitable for low frequency vibration measurements due to the transformation of beats into the longitudinal deformation of the optical fibre. The aim of the presented measurements was to demonstrate that these polarization vibration sensors have excellent sensitivity and are thus suitable for vibration detection. This paper demonstrates that polarization sensors have excellent sensitivity, are convenient and inexpensive to install, and, due to their non-electric nature, are suitable for hazardous environments. In addition, it is possible to employ these sensors as intrusion detection and prevention systems and remotely power them at a distance of tens of kilometers. The motivation for this research was the lack of information and equipment for vibration testing of optical fibres and the associated polarization changes.

关键词： Vibrations Optical fiber polarization Optical fiber sensors Seismic measurements Sensitivity Optical fiber networks Vibration measurement Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Optical fiber testing

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Nonlinear Analysis of Eccentrically Braced Frames against Progressive Collapse

Nonlinear Analysis of Eccentrically Braced Frames against Pr...

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作者： Qinglin Gao Fuxin Yin Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering Dalian University of Technology

Eccentrically braced frame(EBF) incorporates the advantages of lateral resisting systems from moment resisting frame(MRF) and concentrically braced frame(CBF) into a single structural system. In order to investigate the effects of brace and link length in resisting progressive collapse, a finite element model of 10-story planar steel frame were built and analyzed with the SAP2000 software through nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis respectively. The results show that brace can obviously improve the performance of the structure no matter which kind of brace is adopted. The inverted V-shaped(IV) eccentrically braced frame has the highest capacity against progressive collapse and the Y-shaped eccentrically braced frame has the highest energy absorption capacity of the structure. Increasing the link length leads to an increase in deformation and energy absorption of the structure. The results of nonlinear static analysis could reflect the structural performance basically.

关键词： Eccentrically braced frame progressive collapse nonlinear static analysis nonlinear dynamic analysis

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Legacy Sources Determine Current Water Quality: Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Streams of Different World Regions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Destouni, Georgia Han, Jianxu Jarsjö, Jerker Zhang, Qin Cantoni, Jacopo Zhang, Chi Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm10691 Sweden Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

Waterborne nutrient loads to downstream ecosystems integrate contributions from both active and legacy sources. Effective mitigation of nutrient pollution and eutrophication around the world requires distinction of these, largely unknown, relative load contributions. We here distinguish active and legacy contributions to nitrogen and phosphorus loads in numerous streams and associated hydrological catchments of Australia, China, Sweden, and the United States (US). The legacy contributions overshadow the active ones in all countries during 2005-2020. China and the US, with the highest population densities and related overall human-activity levels, also have substantial active contributions. For relatively fast mitigation responses, they need to mitigate their current nutrient emissions, while Australia and Sweden need a shift in mitigation focus to targeting their dominant legacy source contributions. The data-driven method testing in this study supports the used source distinction and attribution approach. This enables consistent source identification and tailoring of targeted measures for effective nutrient load mitigation in various regional contexts. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nutrients

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Environmental analysis and evaluation of the production and application of polymer flocculant in wastewater treatment

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Desalination and Water Treatment 2025年 322卷

作者： Bajdur, Wioletta M. Włodarczyk –Makuła, Maria Ščurek, Radomir Gronba-Chyła, Anna Faculty of Management Czestochowa University of Technology Czestochowa Poland Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment Czestochowa University of Technology Czestochowa Poland Faculty of Safety Engineering VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Poland

The purpose of the research described in the article was to evaluate the environmental impact of flocculants produced from polystyrene waste using the Live Cycle Assessement (LCA) technique. The study was conducted in two stages: stage I was to evaluate the environmental impact of the production of a new flocculant, and stage II was to evaluate the environmental impact of the flocculant used for wastewater treatment. The study was conducted using the software: SimaPro Developer v. 9.4.0.2, characterization was developed using the EF 3.0 v.1.03 method recommended by the European Commission (EC). Previous technological studies have shown that the resulting flocculants can be used to support the coagulation process of industrial wastewater as weights to facilitate sludge agglomeration and sedimentation. In this work, the LCA method was used to analyse the energy consumption required for the flocculant production process and the subsequent process of industrial wastewater treatment using this flocculant. The LCA analysis showed that the environmental burden associated with the use, for the treatment of industrial wastewater, of flocculants synthesized from waste, especially in the raw mineral category, is significantly lower than when using traditional flocculants. The use of photovoltaic electricity (instead of energy produced from coal) results in a 30-fold reduction in the environmental impact of the flocculant production process, which translates into a reduction in the environmental impact of wastewater treatment of about 13 %. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Flocculant Life cycle assessment (LCA) Polystyrene waste

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Developing a framework to conduct ageing studies in Insulating Oil for Power and Distribution Transformers

Developing a framework to conduct ageing studies in Insulati...

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IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS)

作者： Raymon Antony Raj D Sarathkumar Leo John Baptist Andrews A Sheik Sidthik A Annamalai Sampath Kumar Venkatachary J Sivadasan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kongu Engineering College Erode District Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botho University Gaborone Botswana Department of EEE VSB College of Engineering & Technical Campus Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botho University Gaborone Botswana Grant Thornton Gaborone Botswana Department of ECE PSR Engineering College Sivakasi Tamil Nadu India

Due to significant dielectric properties of Mineral Oil (MO) it has been used as an insulating oil in Power Transformer (PT) and Distribution Transformer (DT). The critical functions of the insulating oil dies as it ages and needs to be replaced periodically. The ageing of insulating oil gives data that can be used to develop predictive model. With the use of predictive model one can predict the deterioration rate of an oil. The ageing model or predictive model requires a framework to streamline the ageing test on oils. The method is overwhelmed by various ideas of ageing model adopted from previous literature. Upon using the ageing framework, the new ageing method and standards can be developed in future. Hence, the review catapulted the designing of new ageing model to predict the deterioration of oil under transformer environment.

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Knowledge Continuity Aspects in Designs and Contracts of Dutch Storm Surge Barriers 25

Knowledge Continuity Aspects in Designs and Contracts of Dut...

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25th European Conference on Knowledge Management, ECKM 2024

作者： Kamps, Merlijn van den Bogaard, Johan van den Boomen, Martine Hertogh, Marcel Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences Department of Civil Engineering Zuid-Holland Rotterdam Netherlands Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Department of Materials Mechanics Management & Design Section of Integral Design and Management Zuid-Holland Delft Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management Zuid Holland Den Haag Netherlands Rotterdam University for Applied Sciences CoE HRTech Zuid-Holland Rotterdam Netherlands Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Department of Hydraulic Engineering Section of Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk Zuid-Holland Delft Netherlands Delft University of Technology Department of Materials Mechanics Management & Design Section of Integral Design and Management Zuid-Holland Delft Netherlands Erasmus University Rotterdam Resilience Convergence and Design Zuid-Holland Rotterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781917204101

The infrastructure we build is increasingly complicated and automated. After it is designed and constructed, it needs to be maintained and updated to sustain its functioning for far longer than the careers of its designers and builders. Continuity of engineering knowledge is necessary to make future updates and adapt to changing demands, conditions and technology in a safe and reliable manner. The Dutch storm surge barriers protect the low-lying hinterlands from flooding during extreme weather events. Each of the six barriers managed by the Directorate General of Public Works (Rijkswaterstaat) was designed at a different time, to different requirements, and using different types of contracts. This has resulted in six unique structures, some of which use systems and components found nowhere else. In 1997, the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier was completed, pioneering the use of Design and Construct contracts for major hydraulic structures. Experience with maintaining this hallmark structure through its first decades of operation provides a valuable opportunity to reflect on the effect of contracting- and design choices. Little work has been done to evaluate different contract types on the basis of delivering long-term maintainability and reducing the knowledge continuity challenge. This study views the Maeslant Barrier in the context of the earlier storm surge barriers with regard to facilitating knowledge continuity through design. It was found that the interdependent behaviour of subsystems in a high-reliability structure results in a notable increase in engineering complexity, especially in the control systems, increasing the challenge of achieving knowledge continuity. Examining the knowledge flows in a design-and-construct contract shows several advantages, but also that it does not naturally facilitate attention to important but less obvious aspects of maintainability, such as those related to knowledge continuity. © 2024 Academic Conferences Limited. All rights re

关键词： Obsolescence

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