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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Patricia Pasmay-Bohórquez Abel Rubio-Roldán Homero Ojeda-Guevara Sixifo Falcones Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador CIDIS - Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador

ISBN: (数字)9798350375589

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375596

This document addresses the critical aspects of Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) within electrical systems, emphasizing the need for reliable, efficient, and sustainable power supply. The study highlights the importance of optimizing transmission infrastructure to meet specific technical, economic and environmental parameters. The paper discusses various mathematical modeling approaches used in TEP, including linearized models such as DC charge flow and hybrid models. The inclusion of renewable energy sources in a linear hybrid model is examined as it introduces complexities that traditional models may not adequately address. The methodology used in this work focuses on the modification of a disjunctive linear model, adapting it to consider photovoltaic generation among its restrictions. Likewise, the input parameters of this renewable generation were obtained through an unsupervised K-means learning algorithm. The carried-out analysis, based on segmentation into irradiance and temperature clusters, highlights the importance of integrating specific climate data into planning models to adequately capture the differences between winter and summer scenarios.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems Adaptation models Renewable energy sources Temperature distribution Analytical models Biological system modeling Mathematical models Data models Planning Investment

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Implementation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Agricultural Areas: Technical and Economic Benefits

Implementation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Agr...

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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Eduardo Benavides-Farias Abel Rubio-Roldán Wilton Agila Luis Muñoz-Zurita Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation CASE CIDIS Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador

ISBN: (数字)9798350375589

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375596

This article analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of implementing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) in agricultural and rural areas of the coastal region of Ecuador. Challenges in terms of costs, hydrogen storage, and infrastructure are explored. An economic analysis includes highlighting cost components and potential sources of revenue. The findings indicate that while PEMFC technology advancements are urgently needed to overcome existing barriers and maximize return on investment (ROI), immediate action is required to ensure the timely implementation of these advancements.

关键词： Protons Renewable energy sources Costs Fuel cells Sea measurements Machine learning Real-time systems Sustainable development Investment Predictive maintenance

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Precision Agriculture: Enhancing Crops and Weeds Classification of Unbanlance Databases via Weighted-Loss Functions 8

Precision Agriculture: Enhancing Crops and Weeds Classificat...

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8th IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2024

作者： Guerrero, Emilio Guerrero, Sara Añazco, Edwin Valarezo Pelaez, Enrique Loayza, Francis Fimcp Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Espol Faculty of Mechanical and Production Sciences Engineering Guayaquil Ecuador Universidad Espiritu Santo Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño Samborondón Ecuador Fiec Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Espol Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation Guayaquil Ecuador

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391589

In the realm of precision agriculture, accurately distinguishing between crops and weeds is essential for optimizing yield and minimizing resource use. This study explores the efficacy of weighted-loss functions in handling unbalanced datasets for image classification in agricultural applications. We conducted experiments under three distinct training scenarios: data augmentation without weightedloss, data augmentation with weighted-loss, and weighted-loss without data augmentation. Our findings reveal that while data augmentation alone yielded an overall accuracy of 97.20%, it failed to address the unbalanced class, resulting in misclassification of the carrot class. Incorporating a weighted-loss function with data augmentation slightly improves the classification accuracy of the unbalanced class, reducing the misclassification error. The most notable improvement was observed when using a weighted-loss function without data augmentation, achieving a validation accuracy of 99.20% and enhancing the unbalanced class accuracy from 66.67% without weighted-loss to 88.89% with weighted-loss. These results underscore the potential of weighted-loss functions in improving model performance on unbalanced agricultural datasets, highlighting their importance in precision agriculture applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Approximate Reasoning Techniques in the Control of States of Operation of the PEM Fuel Cell

Approximate Reasoning Techniques in the Control of States of...

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International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP)

作者： Wilton Agila Gomer Rubio Jonathan Aviles-Cedeno Leandro González CIDIS - Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador The National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Testing Centre Ciudad Real Spain

Among the different types of fuel cells, the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has attracted much interest as a power source for residential applications and electric vehicles. However, the development of new applications and the validation of new components of PEMFC require the characterization of their electrical response under certain conditions, both of operation (state variables) and power to be supplied (variation of electrical load), as well as the humidity degree of the membrane (operating state of the PEMFC considered Normal). Under this context, in this study, a set of specific processes based on approximate reasoning techniques have been designed and implemented for the dynamic control of the humidification of the polymeric membrane.

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Qualitative Model for an Oxygen Therapy System based on Renewable Energy

Qualitative Model for an Oxygen Therapy System based on Rene...

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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Wilton Agila Gomer Rubio Raul M. del Toro Matamoros Livington Miranda CIDIS - Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Head Researcher Renewable Energy Lab (LERH) CAR-CSIC Madrid Spain Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador

In Ecuador, the existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and the appearance of new viruses such as Covid-19 that cause respiratory problems, influence the development of oxygen therapy services. These services improve the health of some patients and increase life expectancy in others. However, the limited care capacities in the hospital centers of Ecuador and the lack of development of self-sufficient technological equipment for the provision of therapeutic oxygen services, mean that said service is carried out mainly in large cities, leaving aside other geographical areas with populations that also require it. This article explores the implementation of an oxygen therapy system based on the use of alternative energies, to be used in the treatment of people who cannot do without supplemental oxygenation in communes and homes. In addition, a control system based on linguistic rules for oxygen supply is proposed. Finally, the closed loop response of the control system is analyzed.

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A Numerical Model for the Transport of Reactants in Proton Exchange Fuel Cells

A Numerical Model for the Transport of Reactants in Proton E...

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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Abel Rubio Wilton Agila Leandro González Jonathan Aviles Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering CASE CIDIS Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation CASE CIDIS Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador The Centre for Automation and Robotics Madrid España Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador

Energy has allowed the development of our society and currently, the hydrogen-powered fuel cell is the most promising energy source of the future since it would help to eliminate serious problems such as climate change and economic inequality. The fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the reactants used into electrical energy and produces water and heat as by-products during its operation. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is expected to play a key role in the future energy system due to its favourable characteristics and its application in mobile phones, electric vehicles, distributed power systems, submarines and aerospace applications. To optimize the operation of the fuel cell, models have been developed that represent it as a structural, dimensional, thermal and state system, which requires -as a contribution to technological development-, a strategic and systemic vision. The document analyzes the technique of numerical methods, to ensure optimal operation of the Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, addressing non-linearities of electrical behaviour and the imprecision of the physical world.

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Precision Agriculture: Enhancing Crops and Weeds Classification of Unbanlance Databases via Weighted-Loss Functions

Precision Agriculture: Enhancing Crops and Weeds Classificat...

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IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)

作者： Emilio Guerrero Sara Guerrero Edwin Valarezo Añazco Enrique Pelaez Francis Loayza Faculty of Mechanical and Production Sciences Engineering FIMCP Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño Universidad Espiritu Santo Samborondón Ecuador Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador

ISBN: (数字)9798350391589

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391596

In the realm of precision agriculture, accurately distinguishing between crops and weeds is essential for optimizing yield and minimizing resource use. This study explores the efficacy of weighted-loss functions in handling unbalanced datasets for image classification in agricultural applications. We conducted experiments under three distinct training scenarios: data augmentation without weightedloss, data augmentation with weighted-loss, and weighted-loss without data augmentation. Our findings reveal that while data augmentation alone yielded an overall accuracy of $\mathbf{9 7. 2 0 \%}$, it failed to address the unbalanced class, resulting in misclassification of the carrot class. Incorporating a weighted-loss function with data augmentation slightly improves the classification accuracy of the unbalanced class, reducing the misclassification error. The most notable improvement was observed when using a weighted-loss function without data augmentation, achieving a validation accuracy of $99.20 \%$ and enhancing the unbalanced class accuracy from $66.67 \%$ without weighted-loss to $88.89 \%$ with weighted-loss. These results underscore the potential of weighted-loss functions in improving model performance on unbalanced agricultural datasets, highlighting their importance in precision agriculture applications.

关键词： Precision agriculture Training Accuracy Databases Crops Data augmentation Data models Mobile robots Tuning Image classification

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A Deep Learning-Based Algorithm for ECG Arrhythmia Classification

A Deep Learning-Based Algorithm for ECG Arrhythmia Classific...

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Pattern Recognition Systems (ICPRS), International Conference on

作者： Daniela Espin-Ramos Vicente Alvarado Edwin Valarezo Añazco Erick Flores Bolívar Nuñez José Santos Sara Guerrero Jonathan Aviles-Cedeno Faculty of Mechanical and Production Sciences Engineering FIMCP Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Faculty of Engineering in Electricity and Computation FIEC Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL Guayaquil Ecuador Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño Universidad Espiritu Santo Guayaquil Ecuador

This paper aims to automatically classify five classes of arrhythmia present in Electrocardiograms (ECG) by using two Deep Learning (DL)-based models. One based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the other based on Residual Networks (ResNet). The main motivation of this research is to enhance the field of medicine and assist doctors in the diagnosis of arrhythmia. The DL-based models were trained using the MIT Arrhythmia database. The evaluation of the DL-based models was performed by separating the data into 70% for training, 20% for testing and 10% for validation. Results with the testing dataset show an accuracy of 96.33 % and 95.40%; a F1-Score value of 96.34% and 95.34% for the CNN-and ResNet-based models, respectively. With the validation dataset, CNN-based model achieved an accuracy of 99.32% and a F1-Score of 99.32%; ResNet-based model achieved 98.55% and 98.55% for accuracy and F1-Score, respectively.

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Portable Device for Continuous Measurement (DIPORMEC)

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第1期1154卷

作者： H.A. Rodriguez-Arias Research Group in Robotics Automation Telecommunications Electricity Electronics and Computation. (GIRATEC) Faculty of Engineering Sciences Antonio de Arevalo University Foundation Cartagena Colombia

Nowadays, the conditions of the workplace are having a very important role in different areas. Therefore, a device was created to measure variables, for the time being, of quantity, of light, Lumens and Lux, temperature and relative humidity. Besides, this device continuously saves these variables in a file on an SD card to be analysed later. Another feature of this device is that it is portable which means it works with built-in batteries or with a universal connector, so that it can work easily in a workplace (offices). For this work it is shown how what we call cloning of the luminosity sensor was performed, for this particular case, with an LDR the amount of Lux is determined, taking as reference the light sensor of the Samsung A7 cell phone, and thus generating the equation that governs the sensor. In the connection diagram, the possibility of connecting other sensors that do not require adjustment work such as the one of brightness is left open, taking full advantage of the Arduino card's capacity, but for the moment it is not part of the study of this work.

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Automatic Classification System by Color of Plastic Bottle Caps (SISAC)

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期844卷

作者： H. A. Rodriguez-Arias A. Mendoza-González Research Group in Robotics Automation Telecommunications Electricity Electronics and Computation. (GIRATEC) Faculty of Engineering Sciences Antonio de Arevalo University Foundation Cartagena Colombia Research Group in Architecture Design and Engineering (GIADI) Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Colegio Mayor de Bolivar Technological Institution Cartagena Colombia.

The following project presents an autonomous system of classification of objects by colors which it is applied to the caps of plastic bottles, emulating an automated work cell, which serves to students to know the operation of industrial processes, from construction, programming and even maintenance point of view. The entire project consists of the design of a conveyor system which has a sensor to identify colors, and actuators which allow the caps are correctly classified in the containers according to its color. The work cell was built in a modular way in such a way that in the future it can be adapted to other work cells and simulate flexible manufacturing cells, since it can be reprogrammed not only to identify by colors but also by sizes. Besides, the pieces were built using the 3D printer and the laser cutter in order to use the tools of the laboratories of our institution in the construction of elements for future laboratory equipment which will strengthen the electromechanical program.

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