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Deepfake detection using convolutional vision transformers and convolutional neural networks

Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第31期36卷 19759-19775页

作者： Soudy, Ahmed Hatem Sayed, Omnia Tag-Elser, Hala Ragab, Rewaa Mohsen, Sohaila Mostafa, Tarek Abohany, Amr A. Slim, Salwa O. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Helwan University Cairo Egypt Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computers and Information Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt

Deepfake technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, creating highly realistic fake videos that can be difficult to distinguish from real ones. The rise of social media platforms and online forums has exacerbated the challenges of detecting misinformation and malicious content. This study leverages many papers on artificial intelligence techniques to address deepfake detection. This research proposes a deep learning (DL)-based method for detecting deepfakes. The system comprises three components: preprocessing, detection, and prediction. Preprocessing includes frame extraction, face detection, alignment, and feature cropping. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are employed in the eye and nose feature detection phase. A CNN combined with a vision transformer is also used for face detection. The prediction component employs a majority voting approach, merging results from the three models applied to different features, leading to three individual predictions. The model is trained on various face images using FaceForensics++ and DFDC datasets. Multiple performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, F1, and recall, are used to assess the proposed model’s performance. The experimental results indicate the potential and strengths of the proposed CNN that achieved enhanced performance with an accuracy of 97%, while the CViT-based model achieved 85% using the FaceForences++ dataset and demonstrated significant improvements in deepfake detection compared to recent studies, affirming the potential of the suggested framework for detecting deepfakes on social media. This study contributes to a broader understanding of CNN-based DL methods for deepfake detection. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Face recognition

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A decentralized and privacy-preserving framework for electronic health records using blockchain

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 196-203页

作者： Alahmari, Saad Alshardan, Amal Al-Wesabi, Fahd N. Sorour, Shaymaa Alghushairy, Omar Alsini, Raed Khadidos, Alaa O. Duhayyim, Mesfer Al Department of Computer Science Applied College Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj16273 Saudi Arabia

As healthcare services have become increasingly digitized, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become widely adopted, providing seamless data exchange among providers. Conventional EHRs, however, are extremely vulnerable to cyber threats because patients' sensitive data is centralized and transmitted electronically. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving framework for managing EHRs on blockchains in order to address these security and privacy concerns. Using cryptographic techniques, such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, the proposed system enhances security and ensures data integrity. Additionally, the model facilitates scalable, efficient, and secure access to patient records through the integration of cloud-based storage and blockchain. Using smart contracts, we also ensure compliance with healthcare regulations by regulating access control and authentication. As a result of performance evaluations, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be feasible, and the advantages it offers in terms of security, privacy, and efficiency are highlighted. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electronic health record

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Gamifying Python: Enhancing Learning Outcomes and Motivation through a Game-Based Approach 8

Gamifying Python: Enhancing Learning Outcomes and Motivation...

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8th International Conference on information Technology, InCIT 2024

作者： Sirikong, Nicha Visutsak, Porawat Kmutnb Faculty of Applied Science Department of Computer and Information Science Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366303

This work aimed to enhance Python programming education by developing a learning game that utilizes gamification techniques. The study focused on Mathayom Suksa 1 (7th grade in the U.S. education system) students who often face challenges in understanding complex programming concepts due to traditional teaching methods. The developed game incorporated gamification elements like points, rewards, leaderboards, and time constraints to create an engaging and interactive learning environment. The study compared students' learning achievements before and after using the game and assessed their satisfaction levels. The findings indicated that the gamified learning game significantly improved students' learning outcomes, with post-test scores (M = 12.90, SD = 4.27) being notably higher than pre-test scores (M = 7.28, SD = 1.60), t(39) = 11.82, p © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Modified Feature Selection with BPSO to Apply PSO for Solving Handwritten Digits 12

Modified Feature Selection with BPSO to Apply PSO for Solvin...

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12th International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2024

作者： Ratanavilisagul, Chiabwoot Faculty Of Applied Science Department Of Computer And Information Sciences Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383591

The task of Handwriting Digits Recognition represents a classification challenge involving the interpretation of handwritten digits sourced from diverse mediums such as paper, photos, touch screens, and other devices. This challenge is very intricate due to the distinctiveness of each individual's handwriting, and several essential traits that influence the interpretation process. Numerous researchers have devoted efforts to solve this problem. Recent research has improved preprocessing and feature extraction techniques by using particle swarm optimization to address the handwritten digit recognition problem. The outcomes of these experiments have shown obtain good results. Nevertheless, outcomes from this technique can be further improved. The feature selection technique popularly applies pattern recognition to improve outcomes. Thus, this study proposes a modified feature selection technique that developed from binary particle swarm optimization to optimize particle swarm optimization for handwritten digit recognition. This proposed feature selection technique has demonstrated the potential to yield higher Recognition Rates significantly in both training and testing phases. Comparative analysis against the original technique, devoid of the feature selection technique, reveals that the proposed method exhibits superior Recognition Rates when tested on both the original MNIST datasets and the individual's each person handwritten digit datasets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Dynamic Resource Utilization Prediction Model for Cloud Datacenter

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IAENG International Journal of applied Mathematics 2025年第2期55卷 307-331页

作者： Bliedy, Doaa Khafagy, Mohamed H. Badry, Rasha M. Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Fayoum University Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Fayoum University Egypt

Much research has been done on predicting resource utilization in the cloud to avoid over- and under-provisioning resources. Most existing systems focus on estimating the utilization of one or two resources at most, including memory, CPU, storage, network, or servers dedicated to cloud applications;they do not consider the correlation between resources. A maximum of one or two machine learning algorithms is employed for prediction purposes. Additionally, traditional prediction methods in the cloud provide a one-dimensional output. Most current solutions predict resources, such as memory and CPU utilization, as a single output. Unfortunately, a one-dimensional output in resource provision and usage cannot capture the relationship between the application requirements of different resources, such as CPU, memory, CPU cores, disk, and network;this results in incomplete and inaccurate information and prediction results. Efficient resource allocation and management require predicting several parameters using multivariate state variables. This study presents a multi-resource utilization prediction model that uses several machine learning approaches, such as support vector regression, random forests, MLP regression, neural networks (NN) using Adam and SGD optimizers, and decision tree regression. The prediction model is based on univariate and multivariate time series. Google cluster trace data is used to evaluate the work. Four experiments are executed on the dataset, seeking to predict the resources for different time series interval periods. The various algorithms’ mean absolute errors (MAE), root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error and R-squared are compared to determine which technique achieves the lowest error rate. The experimental results have shown that the prediction model yields better accuracy than previous research. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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A Reputation-Based AODV Protocol for Blackhole and Malfunction Nodes Detection and Avoidance

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1867-1888页

作者： Qussai M.Yaseen Monther Aldwairi Ahmad Manasrah Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjman346United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information TechnologyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityAbu Dhabi144534United Arab Emirates Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Yarmouk UniversityIrbid21163Jordan Computer Information Systems Higher Colleges of TechnologySharjah341214United Arab Emirates

Enhancing the security of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)improves the usability of their ***,finding solutions to various attacks,such as the blackhole attack,is crucial for the success of WSN *** paper proposes an enhanced version of the AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)protocol capable of detecting blackholes and malfunctioning benign nodes in WSNs,thereby avoiding them when delivering *** proposed version employs a network-based reputation system to select the best and most secure path to a *** achieve this goal,the proposed version utilizes the Watchdogs/Pathrater mechanisms in AODV to gather and broadcast reputations to all network nodes to build the network-based reputation *** minimize the network overhead of the proposed approach,the paper uses reputation aggregator nodes only for forwarding reputation ***,to reduce the overhead of updating reputation tables,the paper proposes three mechanisms,which are the prompt broadcast,the regular broadcast,and the light broadcast *** proposed enhanced version has been designed to perform effectively in dynamic environments such as mobile WSNs where nodes,including blackholes,move continuously,which is considered a challenge for other *** the proposed enhanced protocol,a node evaluates the security of different routes to a destination and can select the most secure routing *** paper provides an algorithm that explains the proposed protocol in detail and demonstrates a case study that shows the operations of calculating and updating reputation values when nodes move across different ***,the paper discusses the proposed approach’s overhead analysis to prove the proposed enhancement’s correctness and applicability.

关键词： AODV blackhole malfunction nodes pathrater reputation system wireless sensor networks(WSNs) watchdogs

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Robust steganographic approach using generative adversarial network and compressive autoencoder

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-38页

作者： Qasaimeh, Malik Qtaish, Alaa Abu Aljawarneh, Shadi Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Software Engineering co-joint with the Department of Cyber Security Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

Nowadays, social media applications and websites have become a crucial part of people’s lives;for sharing their moments, contacting their families and friends, or even for their jobs. However, the fact that these valuable data are transferred via the Internet and open channels, which are vulnerable to attacks and espionage, requires using defense methods to improve the security of data transmission. Recently, the progress of Deep Learning (DL) inspired researchers to use it with security methods such as steganography, the art of hiding secret data in unrelated content. DL and steganography combined enhanced the hiding properties, especially in the Coverless Image Steganography (CIS) methods. In this paper, we propose a Compressive Coverless Image Steganography (CCIS) model, which is a generated-based CIS, to improve the capacity and robustness of Steganography. This model uses the compressive autoencoder to compress the message, thus increasing the capacity, and uses the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate a stego image from the compressed vector, thus enhancing concealment ability, besides using a regression model and optimization method to extract the data. Another version was designed to enable sending binary messages by replacing the compressive autoencoder network with a robust mapping rule. Experiments show that the proposed model could improve the characteristics of Steganography. Furthermore, the proposed model could extract binary messages with 256 bits from attacked stego images with 99% recovery accuracy. Thus, capacity and robustness were enhanced using our model with both images and text as secret messages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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A Novel Hybrid Architecture for Superior IoT Threat Detection through Real IoT Environments

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2299-2316页

作者： Bassam Mohammad Elzaghmouri Yosef Hasan Fayez Jbara Said Elaiwat Nisreen Innab Ahmed Abdelgader Fadol Osman Mohammed Awad Mohammed Ataelfadiel Farah H.Zawaideh Mouiad Fadeil Alawneh Asef Al-Khateeb Marwan Abu-Zanona Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyJerash UniversityJerash26150Jordan Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering&Information Technology Buraydah CollegesBuraydah51418Saudi Arabia Faculty of Architecture and Design Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityDiriyahRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Applied College King Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Business Intelligence and Data Analysis Faculty of Financial Sciences and BusinessIrbid National UniversityIrbid21110Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National UniversityAjlun26810Jordan Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia

As the Internet of Things(IoT)continues to expand,incorporating a vast array of devices into a digital ecosystem also increases the risk of cyber threats,necessitating robust defense *** paper presents an innovative hybrid deep learning architecture that excels at detecting IoT threats in real-world *** proposed model combines Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BLSTM),Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),and Attention mechanisms into a cohesive *** integrated structure aims to enhance the detection and classification of complex cyber threats while accommodating the operational constraints of diverse IoT *** evaluated our model using the RT-IoT2022 dataset,which includes various devices,standard operations,and simulated *** research’s significance lies in the comprehensive evaluation metrics,including Cohen Kappa and Matthews Correlation Coefficient(MCC),which underscore the model’s reliability and predictive *** model surpassed traditional machine learning algorithms and the state-of-the-art,achieving over 99.6%precision,recall,F1-score,False Positive Rate(FPR),Detection Time,and accuracy,effectively identifying specific threats such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)Publish,Denial of Service Synchronize network packet crafting tool(DOS SYN Hping),and Network Mapper Operating System Detection(NMAP OS DETECTION).The experimental analysis reveals a significant improvement over existing detection systems,significantly enhancing IoT security *** our experimental analysis,we have demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in comparison to existing detection systems,which significantly strength-ens the security standards of *** model effectively addresses the need for advanced,dependable,and adaptable security solutions,serving as a symbol of the power of deep learning in strengthening IoT ecosystems amidst the constantly evolving cyber threat *** achievemen

关键词： A hybrid deep learning model IoT threat detection real IoT environments cybersecurity attention mechanism

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Enhanced Federated Learning Framework based on Deep Learning and Neutrosophic Set for Android Malware Classification

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Neutrosophic Sets and systems 2025年 82卷 781-799页

作者： Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Oudah, Hasan H. Badawy, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, Abdelfattah Abdelfattah M. Bedier, Shady Ahmed Metwaly, Ahmed A. Eassa, Mohamed Abdelhafeez, Ahmed The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt College of Arts Department of Journalism Ahl Al Bayt University Karbala Iraq Cybersecurity Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Helwan University Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

Malware detection is one of the critical tasks of cybersecurity, especially considering the growing popularity of mobile devices. The integrity and security of mobile ecosystems rely on the capacity to identify malware quickly and precisely, as security hacks against these devices become increasingly frequent. Due to the requirement for massive volumes of data aggregation, traditional centralized machine learning (ML) techniques for malware detection face challenges with data sharing, computational complexity, and privacy. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a novel model, called "CNN-Fed", which is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Federated Learning (Fed). The main goal of this work is to create a global classifier for Android malware detection that is highly accurate and does not require centralised data aggregation. Using four benchmark datasets—Drebin, Malgenome, Kronodroid, and Tuandromd—the CNN-Fed model is trained across many clients in a federated setting under the suggested architecture. Then we use multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to evaluate the number of clients and number of rounds. We use two MCDM methods such as Entropy methodology to compute the criteria weights and the CoCoSo methodology to rank the alternatives. We use the interval-valued neutrosophic sets (IVNSs) to deal with uncertainty and vague information. We use five criteria such as accuracy, F1-score, precision, recall, and FP and six of alternatives refer to the number of clients and number of rounds. The results show the best alternative has a larger number of clients and rounds. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Android malware

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Accurate Phase Detection for ZigBee Using Artificial Neural Network

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 2505-2518页

作者： Ali Alqahtani Abdulaziz A.Alsulami Saeed Alahmari Mesfer Alrizq Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

The IEEE802.15.4 standard has been widely used in modern industry due to its several benefits for stability,scalability,and enhancement of wireless mesh *** standard uses a physical layer of binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)modulation and can be operated with two frequency bands,868 and 915 *** frequency noise could interfere with the BPSK signal,which causes distortion to the signal before its arrival at ***,filtering the BPSK signal from noise is essential to ensure carrying the signal from the sen-der to the receiver with less ***,removing signal noise in the BPSK signal is necessary to mitigate its negative sequences and increase its capability in industrial wireless sensor ***,researchers have reported a posi-tive impact of utilizing the Kalmen filter in detecting the modulated signal at the receiver side in different communication systems,including ***-while,artificial neural network(ANN)and machine learning(ML)models outper-formed results for predicting signals for detection and classification *** paper develops a neural network predictive detection method to enhance the performance of BPSK ***,a simulation-based model is used to generate the modulated signal of BPSK in the IEEE802.15.4 wireless personal area network(WPAN)***,Gaussian noise was injected into the BPSK simulation *** reduce the noise of BPSK phase signals,a recurrent neural networks(RNN)model is implemented and integrated at the receiver side to esti-mate the BPSK’s phase *** evaluated our predictive-detection RNN model using mean square error(MSE),correlation coefficient,recall,and F1-score *** result shows that our predictive-detection method is superior to the existing model due to the low MSE and correlation coefficient(R-value)metric for different signal-to-noise(SNR)*** addition,our RNN-based model scored 98.71%and 96.34%based on recall and F1-score,respectively.

关键词： Neural networks RNN BPSK phasedetection WPAN IEEE802.15.4 signal demodulation

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