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Stylometry-driven framework for Urdu intrinsic plagiarism detection: a comprehensive analysis using machine learning, deep learning, and large language models

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6479-6513页

作者： Manzoor, Muhammad Faraz Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib Abid, Adnan Department of Computer Science University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan Department of Data Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Detecting plagiarism in documents is a well-established task in natural language processing (NLP). Broadly, plagiarism detection is categorized into two types (1) intrinsic: to check the whole document or all the passages have been written by a single author;(2) extrinsic: where a suspicious document is compared with a given set of source documents to figure out sentences or phrases which appear in both documents. In the pursuit of advancing intrinsic plagiarism detection, this study addresses the critical challenge of intrinsic plagiarism detection in Urdu texts, a language with limited resources for comprehensive language models. Acknowledging the absence of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) tailored for Urdu language, this study explores the application of various machine learning, deep learning, and language models in a novel framework. A set of 43 stylometry features at six granularity levels was meticulously curated, capturing linguistic patterns indicative of plagiarism. The selected models include traditional machine learning approaches such as logistic regression, decision trees, SVM, KNN, Naive Bayes, gradient boosting and voting classifier, deep learning approaches: GRU, BiLSTM, CNN, LSTM, MLP, and large language models: BERT and GPT-2. This research systematically categorizes these features and evaluates their effectiveness, addressing the inherent challenges posed by the limited availability of Urdu-specific language models. Two distinct experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the proposed features on classification accuracy. In experiment one, the entire dataset was utilized for classification into intrinsic plagiarized and non-plagiarized documents. Experiment two categorized the dataset into three types based on topics: moral lessons, national celebrities, and national events. Both experiments are thoroughly evaluated through, a fivefold cross-validation analysis. The results show that the random forest classifier achieved an ex

关键词： Deep learning

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Split-n-Swap: A New Modification of the Twofish Block Cipher Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1723-1734页

作者： Awny Sayed Maha Mahrous Enas Elgeldawi Computer Science Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityMinia61519Egypt Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Information Technology DepartmentKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and InformationMinia UniversityMinia61519Egypt

Securing digital data from unauthorized access throughout its entire lifecycle has been always a critical concern.A robust data security system should protect the information assets of any organization against cybercriminal *** Twofish algorithm is one of the well-known symmetric key block cipher cryptographic algorithms and has been known for its rapid *** when it comes to security,it is not the preferred cryptographic algorithm to use compared to other algorithms that have shown better *** applications and social platforms have adopted other symmetric key block cipher cryptographic algorithms such as the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)algorithm to construct their main security *** this paper,a new modification for the original Twofish algorithm is proposed to strengthen its security and to take advantage of its fast *** new algorithm has been named Split-n-Swap(SnS).Performance analysis of the new modification algorithm has been performed using different measurement *** experimental results show that the complexity of the SnS algorithm exceeds that of the original Twofish algorithm while maintaining reasonable values for encryption and decryption times as well as memory utilization.A detailed analysis is given with the strength and limitation aspects of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Twofish advanced encryption standard(AES) cryptography symmetric key block cipher

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3D SCENE RECONSTRUCTION FROM RGB IMAGES

UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering an...

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering and computer science 2024年第2期86卷 101-112页

作者： Rotaru, Răzvan-Paul Grădinaru, Alexandru Moldoveanu, Florica Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology The National University of Science and technology POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Romania

Object recognition is significantly improving, allowing us to better understand and extract information from images. This paper presents a novel method for 3D scene reconstruction using a single RGB image, based on a known 3D model database. We use every detected object in an image to further process its pose and a corresponding 3D model by leveraging existing datasets of both 3D models and labeled images to understand and simulate perception correctly. This method produces a clean and lightweight representation of a scene. State-of-the-art research, implementation details, and evaluation results are presented. © 2024, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition

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Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph with Heptapartitioend Structure

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 80卷 728-748页

作者： Fathi, Hanaa Myvizhi, M. Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Eassa, Mohamed Sawah, Mohamed S. Elbehiery, Hussam College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman Jordan KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National University P.O.43 Ajloun26810 Jordan

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioend Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Graph Neutrosophic Sets SVHN-Graph

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AES-Based Steganography Using Blockchain: A Novel Approach for Secure Text Hiding in Encrypted Images

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第21期48卷 67-78页

作者： Salim, Batool Arif Aljabery, Maalim A. Younis, Hameed Abdulkareem Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Computer Science Dept. University of Basrah Basrah Iraq

Steganography is a technique used to hide data within other data, emerging from the realization that information is valuable and must be concealed. By considering the potential of blockchain technology, which produces and stores data in an immutable chain, it is clear that steganography can be effectively applied alongside blockchain to hide information. This approach eliminates the need for traditional hiding methods. In this study, we aim to hide text messages within encrypted images using a new steganography-based blockchain, making them appear as ordinary encrypted images. The AES algorithm in CBC mode was used to encrypt both images and texts. Each image was split into 32-byte blocks, with a special block allocated for text, allowing for a text size of 32 characters. The robustness of the proposed technique against differential attacks was assessed using unified averaged changed intensity (UACI), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), entropy analysis, and correlation analysis. The outcomes are 99.6221% for NPCR, 33.5886 for UACI, and 7.9992 for the entropy value. Both statistical measures and differential metrics confirm the algorithm's effectiveness. This shows that the proposed encryption method generates random images and secure texts that are resistant to differential attacks and offer a prominent level of security. © 2024 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： AES algorithm blockchain CBC mode correlation analysis entropy analysis NPCR secure texts steganography UACI

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An Innovative Approach Using TKN-Cryptology for Identifying the Replay Assault

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 589-616页

作者： Syeda Wajiha Zahra Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Muhammad Abu Bakr Ashit Kumar Dutta Zaid Alzaid Badr Almutairi Sultan Almotairi Department of Computer Science Alhamd Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information SystemsIslamic University of MadinahMedinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Various organizations store data online rather than on physical *** the number of user’s data stored in cloud servers increases,the attack rate to access data from cloud servers also *** researchers worked on different algorithms to protect cloud data from replay *** of the papers used a technique that simultaneously detects a full-message and partial-message replay *** study presents the development of a TKN(Text,Key and Name)cryptographic algorithm aimed at protecting data from replay *** program employs distinct ways to encrypt plain text[P],a user-defined Key[K],and a Secret Code[N].The novelty of the TKN cryptographic algorithm is that the bit value of each text is linked to another value with the help of the proposed algorithm,and the length of the cipher text obtained is twice the length of the original *** the scenario that an attacker executes a replay attack on the cloud server,engages in cryptanalysis,or manipulates any data,it will result in automated modification of all associated values inside the *** mechanism has the benefit of enhancing the detectability of replay ***,the attacker cannot access data not included in any of the papers,regardless of how effective the attack strategy *** the end of paper,the proposed algorithm’s novelty will be compared with different algorithms,and it will be discussed how far the proposed algorithm is better than all other algorithms.

关键词： Replay attack malware message attack file encryption cryptology data security

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Leveraging CuMeta for enhanced document classification in cursive languages with transformer stacking

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-26页

作者： Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Amjad Umair, Muhammad Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Classifying textual data is crucial in the expanding digital landscape, especially for underrepresented cursive languages like Urdu, which pose unique challenges due to their intricate linguistic features and vast digital content. Despite the growing demand, research in effective Urdu text classification remains limited. This study introduces CuMeta, a novel meta-stacking classifier designed specifically to address these challenges. CuMeta integrates the strengths of various deep learning algorithms, including CNN and LSTM, alongside multiple Transformer-based models, to provide a comprehensive solution to issues such as tokenization, spatial inconsistencies, lack of case distinctions, and complex dialects inherent in Urdu. Through rigorous evaluation across diverse datasets, CuMeta has demonstrated its superiority over traditional and deep learning models, achieving an impressive F1-score of 97.52%. The innovative approach of CuMeta not only enhances text classification for Urdu but also offers significant implications for other low-resource, cursive-script languages like Arabic and Persian. This research marks a significant advancement in NLP, particularly for languages that have historically been underrepresented in digital and academic platforms. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Deep learning

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Feature Engineering Methods for Analyzing Blood Samples for Early Diagnosis of Hepatitis Using Machine Learning Approaches

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第3期142卷 3229-3254页

作者： Mohamed A.G.Hazber Ebrahim Mohammed Senan Hezam Saud Alrashidi Department of Information and Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHail81481Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Applied SciencesHajjah UniversityHajjah9677Yemen Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyAl-Razi UniversitySana’a9671Yemen

Hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver through contaminated foods or blood transfusions,and it has many types,from normal to *** is diagnosed through many blood tests and factors;Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques have played an important role in early diagnosis and help physicians make *** study evaluated the performance of Machine Learning(ML)algorithms on the hepatitis data *** dataset contains missing values that have been processed and outliers *** dataset was counterbalanced by the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SMOTE).The features of the data set were processed in two ways:first,the application of the Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE)algorithm to arrange the percentage of contribution of each feature to the diagnosis of hepatitis,then selection of important features using the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)***,the SelectKBest function was applied to give scores for each attribute,followed by the t-SNE and PCA ***,the classification algorithms K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),Decision Tree(DT),and Random Forest(RF)were fed by the dataset after processing the features in different methods are RFE with t-SNE and PCA and SelectKBest with t-SNE and PCA).All algorithms yielded promising results for diagnosing hepatitis data *** RF with RFE and PCA methods achieved accuracy,Precision,Recall,and AUC of 97.18%,96.72%,97.29%,and 94.2%,respectively,during the training *** the testing phase,it reached accuracy,Precision,Recall,and AUC by 96.31%,95.23%,97.11%,and 92.67%,respectively.

关键词： Hepatitis machine learning PCA RFE SelectKBest t-SNE

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Modern Standard Arabic speech disorders corpus for digital speech processing applications

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International Journal of Speech technology 2024年第1期27卷 157-170页

作者： Alqudah, Assal A. M. Alshraideh, Mohammad A. M. Abushariah, Mohammad A. M. Sharieh, Ahmad A. S. Department of Computer Science King Abdullah II School of Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems King Abdullah II School of Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Information Technology Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Digital speech processing applications including automatic speech recognition (ASR), speaker recognition, speech translation, and others, essentially require large volumes of speech data for training and testing purposes. Although there are available speech corpora, speech data for speakers suffering speech disorders are hardly available for many languages including Arabic language. Consequently, developing digital speech processing applications that target the entire society becomes hard due to the unavailability of speech corpora that contain sufficient speakers’ variations including healthy and disordered speech. This research presents our work towards developing a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) speech corpus for speakers suffering distortion and substitution articulation disorders. The speech corpus was recorded by 40 (20 male and 20 female) Jordanian speakers who suffer either distortion or/and substitution articulation disorders. This speech corpus can be used for various applications including ASR, speech and hearing, and others. Part of this speech corpus is used for developing and evaluating an ASR for MSA using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Pocketsphinx tools based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) techniques. Furthermore, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Maximum Likelihood Linear Transform (MLLT) optimization techniques were applied. Using three different testing data sets, this work obtained 98.38% and 1.76% average word recognition correctness rate (WRCR) and average Word Error Rate (WER), respectively, for speaker-dependent and text-independent. For speaker-independent and text-dependent, this work obtained 99.37% and 0.68% average WRCR and average WER, respectively, whereas for speaker-independent and text-independent this work obtained 96.53% and 4.00% average WRCR and average WER, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Natur

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Workout Action Recognition in Video Streams Using an Attention Driven Residual DC-GRU Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3067-3087页

作者： Arnab Dey Samit Biswas Dac-Nhuong Le Department of Computer Science and Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpurHowrah711103India Faculty of Information Technology Haiphong UniversityHaiphong180000Vietnam

Regular exercise is a crucial aspect of daily life, as it enables individuals to stay physically active, lowers thelikelihood of developing illnesses, and enhances life expectancy. The recognition of workout actions in videostreams holds significant importance in computer vision research, as it aims to enhance exercise adherence, enableinstant recognition, advance fitness tracking technologies, and optimize fitness routines. However, existing actiondatasets often lack diversity and specificity for workout actions, hindering the development of accurate recognitionmodels. To address this gap, the Workout Action Video dataset (WAVd) has been introduced as a significantcontribution. WAVd comprises a diverse collection of labeled workout action videos, meticulously curated toencompass various exercises performed by numerous individuals in different settings. This research proposes aninnovative framework based on the Attention driven Residual Deep Convolutional-Gated Recurrent Unit (ResDCGRU)network for workout action recognition in video streams. Unlike image-based action recognition, videoscontain spatio-temporal information, making the task more complex and challenging. While substantial progresshas been made in this area, challenges persist in detecting subtle and complex actions, handling occlusions,and managing the computational demands of deep learning approaches. The proposed ResDC-GRU Attentionmodel demonstrated exceptional classification performance with 95.81% accuracy in classifying workout actionvideos and also outperformed various state-of-the-art models. The method also yielded 81.6%, 97.2%, 95.6%, and93.2% accuracy on established benchmark datasets, namely HMDB51, Youtube Actions, UCF50, and UCF101,respectively, showcasing its superiority and robustness in action recognition. The findings suggest practicalimplications in real-world scenarios where precise video action recognition is paramount, addressing the persistingchallenges in the field. TheWAVd datas

关键词： Workout action recognition video stream action recognition residual network GRU attention

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