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Towards robust and efficient intrusion detection in IoMT: a deep learning approach addressing data leakage and enhancing model generalizability

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Bouke, Mohamed Aly El Atigh, Hayate Abdullah, Azizol Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang43400 Malaysia Departement of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Engineering Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Balikesir10200 Turkey

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) brings advanced patient monitoring and predictive analytics to healthcare but also raises cybersecurity and data privacy issues. This paper introduces a deep-learning model for IoMT intrusion detection, utilizing the WUSTL EHMS 2020 dataset, which focuses on cyber threats like man-in-the-middle attacks and data injection. Our sequential model, trained with TensorFlow, surpasses traditional predictive accuracy and efficiency methods. It achieves 99% accuracy with reduced loss and excels in precision, recall, F1 Score, and ROC AUC. The model uses 25 key features from 45, preventing overfitting and addressing data leakage in preprocessing. These steps ensure the model's reliability for IoMT cybersecurity, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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An Adaptive Framework for Classification and Detection of Android Malware

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2024年第21期18卷 59-73页

作者： Al Sharah, Ashraf Alrub, Yousef Abu Owida, Hamza Abu Elsoud, Esraa Abu Alshdaifat, Nawaf Khtatnaha, Hamzah Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Department of Medical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

The hardware and software of a computer are controlled by its operating system (OS), which performs essential tasks such as input and output processing, file and memory management, and the management of peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Application software refers to programs designed for specific purposes, these applications, often freely available and open source, contribute to the rising number of downloads. In the third quarter of 2022, combined downloads from the Apple App Store and Google Play Reached an estimated 35.3 billion. However, the prevalence of insecurity in these applications and technologies heightens the potential for cybercrimes. Protection against unauthorized intruders is crucial in identifying malicious applications. Machine learning (ML) serves as a promising avenue for detecting malware attacks, offering potential solutions to bolster cybersecurity measures. We propose a novel approach utilizing ML to enhance malware detection accuracy by segmenting datasets into distinct groups. Our research employs supervised ML techniques on the CICMaldroid2020 dataset, which includes comprehensive information such as intent actions, permissions, and sensitive APIs. The dataset was partitioned into four groups, each containing 150 features, and analyzed across four experiments to distinguish between attack and benign classes. Our proposed model demonstrated exceptional performance, with the random forest algorithm achieving an accuracy of 98.6% and a precision of 98.75%. These results highlight the effectiveness of our segmentation approach and its significant contribution to advancing malware detection in Android applications, offering a promising direction for future cybersecurity solutions. © 2024 by the authors of this article.

关键词： Android malware

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VSSB-Raft: A Secure and Efficient Zero Trust Consensus Algorithm for Blockchain

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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 2024年第2期20卷 1-22页

作者： Tian, Siben Bai, Fenhua Shen, Tao Zhang, Chi Gong, Bei Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology China

To solve the problems of vote forgery and malicious election of candidate nodes in the Raft consensus algorithm, we combine zero trust with the Raft consensus algorithm and propose a secure and efficient consensus algorithm -Verifiable Secret Sharing Byzantine Fault Tolerance Raft Consensus Algorithm (VSSB-Raft). The VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm realizes zero trust through the supervisor node and secret sharing algorithm without the invisible trust between nodes required by the algorithm. Meanwhile, the VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm uses the SM2 signature algorithm to realize the characteristics of zero trust requiring authentication before data use. In addition, by introducing the NDN network, we redesign the communication between nodes and guarantee the communication quality among nodes. The VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm proposed in this paper can make the algorithm Byzantine fault tolerant by setting a threshold for secret sharing while maintaining the algorithm's complexity to be O(n). Experiments show that the VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm is secure and efficient with high throughput and low consensus latency. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Blockchain

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A three-branch deep neural network for diagnosing respiratory sounds

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第35期36卷 22611-22631页

作者： Imani, Maryam Ghassemian, Hassan Image Processing and Information Analysis Lab Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran

Finding an accurate model is essential for classification of respiratory pathologies through extraction and fusion of respiratory sounds’ features. To handle the unlabeled data, a sequence of autoencoders are used for data augmentation. A deep neural network framework is proposed to extract three types of features: 1-Features based on the human auditory system, using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), 2-Temporal features contained in the sequence of sound signal using the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and 3-The nonlinear and complex relationship among temporal characteristics in neighborhood regions using a two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) applied to the sound sequence converted to a 2D time array. Three branches are fused through some fully connected layers. The ICBHI 2017 sound database is used in two cases of 6 and 3 pathological classes. In the case of 6-classes database, 98.72% overall accuracy, 98.46% kappa coefficient, 99.66% sensitivity, 98.70% specificity and 99.70% F1-Sscore is provided. In the case of 3-classes database, 97.18% overall accuracy, 95.77% kappa coefficient, 98.31% sensitivity, 99.16% specificity and 98.93% F1-score are achieved. In contrast to the many researchers that are applying CNN on the Mel spectrogram of the audios, CNN is applied to the 2D form of the time series to find the hidden relationship among the time instants in local regions. Moreover, fusion of these hidden features with the LSTM and MFCC features leads to an accurate multiple classification. This work proposes a new deep learning framework for fusion of three types of sound features, which leads to a significant improvement in multiple respiratory infection diagnosing. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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A Novel Framework for Gauging information Extracted from Smartphones Using Neutrosophic Logic

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 76卷 154-171页

作者： Abou Alzahab, R.M. Ismail, Amr Abd Elkhalik, S.H. Shams, M.Y. El-Bakry, H.M. Salama, A.A. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Port Said University Egypt Department of Cybersecurity College of Engineering and Information Technology Buraydah Private Colleges Buraydah51418 Saudi Arabia Department. of Communication and Computer Engineering Air Defense University Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Department of Information Systems. Faculty of Computer and Information Science Mansoura University Egypt

Smartphones contain a vast amount of information about their users, which can be used as evidence in criminal cases. However, the sheer volume of data can make it challenging for forensic investigators to identify and use the most relevant information. Neutrosophic logic is a generalization of fuzzy logic that allows for uncertainty and vagueness, making it a more potent tool for dealing with the ambiguity of real-world data. The proposed framework aims to identify and utilize the most relevant information for forensic investigators, making it easier to solve criminal cases using Neutrosophic logic. This novel approach provides a more powerful tool for dealing with the ambiguity of smartphone data, ultimately improving the accuracy and effectiveness of forensic investigations. Our research has utilized Neutrosophic logic to evaluate the degree of truth, falsity, or Indeterminacy of this information. Additionally, this study analyzes conversations between individuals using Excel’s fuzzy lookup add-in to determine the percentage of truth and false in each conversation. The results were compiled into a dataset and utilized a Neutrosophic Python code to evaluate the information. The results indicate the percentage of truth, false, and Indeterminacy in each conversation and which can be used to determine its admissibility as evidence and which not. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smartphones

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Drug-Target Interactions Prediction Based on Signed Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 231-244页

作者： Ming CHEN Yajian JIANG Xiujuan LEI Yi PAN Chunyan JI Wei JIANG College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Normal University School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Computer Science Department BNU-HKBU United International College

Drug-target interactions(DTIs) prediction plays an important role in the process of drug *** computational methods treat it as a binary prediction problem, determining whether there are connections between drugs and targets while ignoring relational types information. Considering the positive or negative effects of DTIs will facilitate the study on comprehensive mechanisms of multiple drugs on a common target, in this work, we model DTIs on signed heterogeneous networks, through categorizing interaction patterns of DTIs and additionally extracting interactions within drug pairs and target protein pairs. We propose signed heterogeneous graph neural networks(SHGNNs), further put forward an end-to-end framework for signed DTIs prediction, called SHGNN-DTI,which not only adapts to signed bipartite networks, but also could naturally incorporate auxiliary information from drug-drug interactions(DDIs) and protein-protein interactions(PPIs). For the framework, we solve the message passing and aggregation problem on signed DTI networks, and consider different training modes on the whole networks consisting of DTIs, DDIs and PPIs. Experiments are conducted on two datasets extracted from Drug Bank and related databases, under different settings of initial inputs, embedding dimensions and training modes. The prediction results show excellent performance in terms of metric indicators, and the feasibility is further verified by the case study with two drugs on breast cancer.

关键词： Drug-target interactions Signed heterogeneous network Link sign prediction Graph neural networks

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Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing Process Model Validation:A Case Study Approach

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5035-5048页

作者： Atif Ikram Masita Abdul Jalil Amir Bin Ngah Adel Sulaiman Muhammad Akram Ahmad Salman Khan Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics University Malaysia TerengganuKuala TerengganuMalaysia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan

The successful execution and management of Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing(OSMO)can be very beneficial for OSMO vendors and the OSMO *** a lot of research on software outsourcing is going on,most of the existing literature on offshore outsourcing deals with the outsourcing of software development *** frameworks have been developed focusing on guiding software systemmanagers concerning offshore software ***,none of these studies delivered comprehensive guidelines for managing the whole process of *** is a considerable lack of research working on managing OSMO from a vendor’s ***,to find the best practices for managing an OSMO process,it is necessary to further investigate such complex and multifaceted phenomena from the vendor’s *** study validated the preliminary OSMO process model via a case study research *** results showed that the OSMO process model is applicable in an industrial setting with few *** industrial data collected during the case study enabled this paper to extend the preliminary OSMO process *** refined version of the OSMO processmodel has four major phases including(i)Project Assessment,(ii)SLA(iii)Execution,and(iv)Risk.

关键词： Offshore outsourcing process model model validation vendor challenges case study

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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MV-DUO: multi-variate discrete unified optimization for psychological vital assessments

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第31期36卷 19777-19793页

作者： Pethuraj, Mohamed Shakeel Burhanuddin, M.A. Dzakiyullah, Nur Rachman Department of Information System Faculty of Computer and Engineering Universitas Alma Ata Yogyakarta Indonesia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia

Psychological vital assessments are required for monitoring health conditions and observing body reactions toward diseases and medications. Wearable sensors play a vital role in sensing body vitals and presenting them as signals for computer-based analysis. The problem relies on the signal decoding due to its input stream that turns out to be discrete/ continuous. Therefore for addressing the above specific issue, this article introduces MV-DUO (Multi-Variate Discrete Unified Optimization) method. This method addresses the above problem from a multi-variate perspective by sensing differential signals across healthy and unhealthy conditions. The healthy and unhealthy conditions are trained using neural learning by augmenting/ ceasing external vital data. The unification is performed using single-point artificial ecosystem-based optimization for identifying discrete sequences collaborated with continuous signals. The single-point reference is grouped based on the maximum continuity fitness observed under various sensing intervals. In this process, the non-grouped sequences are identified as unhealthy or discrete for which additional detection training and classification are required. Considerably the changes between successive sensing intervals are used for variations detection from unified high-fitness groups. Those grouped instances are used for training new vital changes observed at distinct intervals. This improves detection accuracy under controlled errors. For the varying sensing intervals, the proposed method achieves 14.13% high accuracy, 8.29% high grouping rate, 10.77% less error, and 10.07% less detection time. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： computer aided analysis

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Robust steganographic approach using generative adversarial network and compressive autoencoder

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-38页

作者： Qasaimeh, Malik Qtaish, Alaa Abu Aljawarneh, Shadi Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Software Engineering co-joint with the Department of Cyber Security Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

Nowadays, social media applications and websites have become a crucial part of people’s lives;for sharing their moments, contacting their families and friends, or even for their jobs. However, the fact that these valuable data are transferred via the Internet and open channels, which are vulnerable to attacks and espionage, requires using defense methods to improve the security of data transmission. Recently, the progress of Deep Learning (DL) inspired researchers to use it with security methods such as steganography, the art of hiding secret data in unrelated content. DL and steganography combined enhanced the hiding properties, especially in the Coverless Image Steganography (CIS) methods. In this paper, we propose a Compressive Coverless Image Steganography (CCIS) model, which is a generated-based CIS, to improve the capacity and robustness of Steganography. This model uses the compressive autoencoder to compress the message, thus increasing the capacity, and uses the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate a stego image from the compressed vector, thus enhancing concealment ability, besides using a regression model and optimization method to extract the data. Another version was designed to enable sending binary messages by replacing the compressive autoencoder network with a robust mapping rule. Experiments show that the proposed model could improve the characteristics of Steganography. Furthermore, the proposed model could extract binary messages with 256 bits from attacked stego images with 99% recovery accuracy. Thus, capacity and robustness were enhanced using our model with both images and text as secret messages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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