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Vehicle Detection in Challenging Scenes Using CenterNet Based Approach

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3647-3661页

作者： Ayesha Muhammad Javed Iqbal Iftikhar Ahmad Madini OAlassafi Ahmed SAlfakeeh Ahmed Alhomoud Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Taxila47050Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border UniversityRafhaSaudi Arabia

Contemporarily numerous analysts labored in the field of Vehicle detection which improves Intelligent Transport System(ITS)and reduces road *** major obstacles in automatic detection of tiny vehicles are due to occlusion,environmental conditions,illumination,view angles and variation in size of *** research centers on tiny and partially occluded vehicle detection and identification in challenging scene specifically in crowed *** this paper we present comprehensive methodology of tiny vehicle detection using Deep Neural Networks(DNN)namely *** DNN disregards objects that are small in size 5 pixels and more false positives likely to happen in crowded *** there are two categories of deep learning models single-step and two-step.A single forward pass model is the one in which detection is performed directly to possible location over dense sampling,wherein two-step models incorporated by Region proposals followed by object *** in this research scrutinize one-step State of the art(SOTA)model CenteNet as proposed recently with three different feature extractor ResNet-50,HourGlass-104 and ResNet-101 one by *** train our model on challenging KITTI dataset which outperforms in comparison with SOTA single-step technique MSSD300∗which depicts performance improvement by 20.2%mAPandSMOKEby with 13.2%mAP *** of CenterNet can be justified through the huge improved *** performance of our model is evaluated on KITTI(Karlsruhe Institute of technology and Toyota Technological Institute)benchmark dataset with different backbones such as ResNet-50 gives 62.3%mAP ResNet-10182.5%mAP,last but not the least HourGlass-104 outperforms with 98.2%mAP CenterNet-HourGlass-104 achieved high mAP among above mentioned feature *** also compare our model with other SOTA techniques.

关键词： CenteNet SOTA object detection deep learning MSSD SMOKE DNN KITTI

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An Optimization Approach for Convolutional Neural Network Using Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱ

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5641-5661页

作者： Afia Zafar Muhammad Aamir Nazri Mohd Nawi Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Abdulrahman Alruban Ashit Kumar Dutta Badr Almutairi Sultan Almotairi Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaMalaysia School of Electronics Computing and MathematicsUniversity of DerbyUK Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information SciencesIslamic University of MadinahMadinah42351Saudi Arabia

In computer vision,convolutional neural networks have a wide range of *** representmost of today’s data,so it’s important to know how to handle these large amounts of data *** neural networks have been shown to solve image processing problems ***,when designing the network structure for a particular problem,you need to adjust the hyperparameters for higher *** technique is time consuming and requires a lot of work and domain *** a convolutional neural network architecture is a classic NP-hard optimization *** the other hand,different datasets require different combinations of models or hyperparameters,which can be time consuming and *** approaches have been proposed to overcome this problem,such as grid search limited to low-dimensional space and queuing by random *** address this issue,we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach that dynamically enhances the structure of Convolution Neural Networks(CNNs)using optimized *** study proposes a method using Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithms(NSGA)to improve the hyperparameters of the CNN *** addition,different types and parameter ranges of existing genetic algorithms are *** study was conducted with various state-of-the-art methodologies and *** have shown that our proposed approach is superior to previous methods in terms of classification accuracy,and the results are published in modern computing literature.

关键词： Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm convolutional neural network hyper-parameter optimization

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Automatic Task Classification of Software Projects for Planning and Simulation 25th

Automatic Task Classification of Software Projects for Pla...

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Topical Area: Software, System and Service Engineering, S3E 2024, Held as Part of FedCSIS 2024, and 25th Conference on Practical Aspects of and Solutions for Software Engineering, KKIO 2024, held as part of SEAA 2024

作者： Wysocki, Wlodzimierz Ochodek, Miroslaw Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Szczecin Poland Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031849121

Background: information about project tasks stored in Issue tracking systems (ITS) can be used for project analytics or process simulation. However, such issues must be classified beforehand. Considering the number of tasks stored in ITS, this task shall be done automatically. Aims: Our research aims to build an automatic recurring Jira issue classification model based on types and textual descriptions to enable the practical application of the model for software project planning and management. Method: We study a dataset from six industrial projects containing 9.6K tasks and augment it with an additional dataset of 91K task descriptions from other industrial projects to up-sample minority classes during training. We labeled the data using a semi-manual, active-learning-based method. We perform ten runs of 10-fold cross-validation for each project and evaluate classifiers using a set of state-of-the-art prediction quality metrics, i.e., Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and MCC. Our machine-learning pipeline includes a Transformer-based sentence embedder (‘mxbai-embed-large-v1’) and an XGBoost classifier. We also study the impact of task-classification errors on project staffing issues. Results: The model automatically classifies software process tasks into 14 classes with MCCs ranging from 0.69 to 0.88. We built a confusion matrix that showed the most frequently confused task classes. We analyzed the consequences of classification errors. Conclusions: The study’s results enable the practical application of the software process model to analyze, plan, and manage software development projects. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Application programs

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Securing Hybrid Architecture of Cloudlet Computing in 5G Networks Enabling IoT and Mobile Wireless Devices

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Recent Advances in computer Science and Communications 2023年第2期16卷 14-29页

作者： Sobh, Tarek S. Khalil, Awad H. The Higher Institute of Computer and Information Technology El Shorouk Academy Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computers & Information Technology Future University in Egypt Cairo Egypt

Aims: This research aims to secure and support mobile devices and IoTs enabled in WLAN and 5G Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructures. Background: Currently, wireless network access gains increasing potential in today's networks. At the same time, such ongoing wireless network access also raises the risk of network attacks. The 5G technology is expected to empower people's inter-communications by integrating wireless networking technologies in all networks. Additionally, the emerging 5G technologies put forward many new requirements for RF characteristics and techniques regarding bandwidth and power issues, in addition to supporting high connectivity capacity for the emerging IP-based IoT applications. Objective: The objective is to provide a hybrid architecture of the proposed framework for a 5G network with cloudlet computing. The purpose that we are focusing on it is to support and monitor wireless networks under attack. Methods: The solution is done through a hybrid architecture. This architecture integrates the cloudlet and Wi-Fi Access Points (AP) to provide an integrated Wi-Fi-enabled cloudlet. On the other hand, we have specified a solution for detecting unauthorized APs by using authentication and authorization techniques for securing communications among endpoint devices such as IoT devices or mobile devices, cloudlet, and the main cloud. A framework of this architecture has been developed to face the issue of securing IoT devices and mobile wireless devices. Results: The traffic sniffing and traffic filtering of the endpoints are done. Therefore, the required actions that define the organization's policy are applied through the permitted access list. In addition to a wireless network location, the management components use more than one authorized attribute value to generate the authorized list, such as SSID, MAC, BSSID …etc. Finally, Traffic analysis provides the user to get reports, statistics, and analysis charts to secure endpoints activitie

关键词： Network security

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Fine-grained Energy-efficient Data Center Traffic Scheduling Mechanism Based on Hierarchical Control

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2023年第3期8卷 742-757页

作者： Niu, Tianyu Li, Honghui Li, Weidong Por, Lip Yee College of Computer and Information Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Hohhot China Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia

With the continuous expansion of the data center, its energy consumption is also increasing. Aiming at the problem that the high redundancy of modern data center network causes low energy-consumption utilization, this paper proposes an energy-saving traffic scheduling algorithm (IMV-MLF) based on improved multi-layer-virtual-topology combined with maximum link-utilization path priority, which realizes more fine-grained control of each layer of virtual topology in data center network. Firstly, the relevant shap-ing linear programming mathematical model is established according to the optimization goal of energy conservation, which can minimize the energy consumption of the whole network as far as possible under the premise of meeting all network-flow requirements;Then, according to the optimization goal, the existing SDN based energy saving multi-layer-virtual-topology (EMV-SDN) method is improved. Whether the network devices in other layers are enabled is determined by the overall traffic level rather than the traffic level of a single link. On the basis of the opened level, the newly arrived network flows are preferentially allocated to the path with the highest link utilization, and overload link set is introduced, we can effectively use the available link routes with sufficient residual bandwidth to reduce congestion when the topology changes by marking the links whose link utilization reaches the critical value, and further count and close the links and switches which no network flows pass through. The experimental results show that the performance of IMV-MLF algorithm is better than multi-layer virtual topology energy saving (EMV-SDN) algorithm and the equivalent multipath (ECMP) algorithm in saving network energy. This result is helpful to provide another new idea for energy conservation of data center. © 2023, Journal of Network Intelligence.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Feature Engineering Methods for Analyzing Blood Samples for Early Diagnosis of Hepatitis Using Machine Learning Approaches

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第3期142卷 3229-3254页

作者： Mohamed A.G.Hazber Ebrahim Mohammed Senan Hezam Saud Alrashidi Department of Information and Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHail81481Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Applied SciencesHajjah UniversityHajjah9677Yemen Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyAl-Razi UniversitySana’a9671Yemen

Hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver through contaminated foods or blood transfusions,and it has many types,from normal to *** is diagnosed through many blood tests and factors;Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques have played an important role in early diagnosis and help physicians make *** study evaluated the performance of Machine Learning(ML)algorithms on the hepatitis data *** dataset contains missing values that have been processed and outliers *** dataset was counterbalanced by the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SMOTE).The features of the data set were processed in two ways:first,the application of the Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE)algorithm to arrange the percentage of contribution of each feature to the diagnosis of hepatitis,then selection of important features using the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)***,the SelectKBest function was applied to give scores for each attribute,followed by the t-SNE and PCA ***,the classification algorithms K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),Decision Tree(DT),and Random Forest(RF)were fed by the dataset after processing the features in different methods are RFE with t-SNE and PCA and SelectKBest with t-SNE and PCA).All algorithms yielded promising results for diagnosing hepatitis data *** RF with RFE and PCA methods achieved accuracy,Precision,Recall,and AUC of 97.18%,96.72%,97.29%,and 94.2%,respectively,during the training *** the testing phase,it reached accuracy,Precision,Recall,and AUC by 96.31%,95.23%,97.11%,and 92.67%,respectively.

关键词： Hepatitis machine learning PCA RFE SelectKBest t-SNE

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An Efficient Two-State Feature Attention-Based GRU for Text Classification

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第15期49卷 95-112页

作者： Mohammed, Dhurgham Ali Patel, Kalyani A. Faculty of Computer Science Gujarat University Ahmedabad India Department of Computer Science Faculty of Education for Girl University of Kufa Iraq K.S. School of Business Management and Information Technology Gujarat University India

Text classification has become crucial for mechanically sorting documents into specific categories. The goal of classification is to assign a predefined group or class to an instance based on its characteristics. To attain precise text categorization, a feature selection scheme is employed to categorize significant features and eliminate irrelevant, undesirable, and noisy ones, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the feature space. Many advanced deep learning algorithms have been developed to handle text classification drawbacks. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are broadly employed in text classification tasks. In this paper, we referred to a novel Two-state GRU based on a Feature Attention strategy, known as Two-State Feature Attention GRU (TS-FA-GRU). The proposed framework identifies and categorizes word polarity through consecutive mechanisms and word-feature capture. Furthermore, the developed study incorporates a pre-feature attention TS-FA-GRU to capture essential features at an early stage, followed by a post-feature attention GRU that mimics the decoder’s function to refine the extracted features. To enhance computational performance, the reset gate in the ordinary GRU is replaced with an update gate, which helps to reduce redundancy and complexity. The effectiveness of the developed model was tested on five benchmark text datasets and compared with five well-established traditional text classification methods. The proposed TS-FA-GRU model demonstrated superior performance over several traditional approaches regarding convergence rate and accuracy. Experimental outcomes revealed that the TS-FA-GRU model achieved excellent text classification accuracies of 93.86%, 92.69%, 94.73%, 92.46%, and 88.23 on the 20NG, R21578, AG News, IMDB, and Amazon review dataset respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the proposed model effectively minimized the loss function and captured long-term dependencies, leading to exceptional outcomes when compared to the

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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EduGym Post-Mortem: Open Educational Resource for Educational Game

EduGym Post-Mortem: Open Educational Resource for Educationa...

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2025 International Conference on Advancement in Data Science, E-learning and information System, ICADEIS 2025

作者： Tarigan, Jos Timanta Zamzami, Elviawaty Muisa Zendrato, Niskarto Nababan, Anandhini Medianty Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Medan Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513320

This paper aims to delve into the development of EduGym, an educational microlearning game specifically designed for mobile platforms. The discussion highlights the implementation and integration of Open Educational Resources (OER) and examines their significant impact on the development process. The project strategically used OER as the primary content source to ensure seamless future content expansion without requiring changes to the core application. This approach also empowers other developers to repurpose and adapt the content for various educational applications. Furthermore, the paper addresses key challenges encountered during the development process from a software engineering standpoint, including maintaining flexibility, ensuring scalability, and managing resource allocation. The study outlines the overall architecture of EduGym, detailing the development workflow and the ways in which OER integration influenced both development and resource management. The aim is to offer valuable insights and practical guidance for developers and educators who are exploring similar methodologies, informed by the lessons learned and experiences gained through the creation of EduGym. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Game design

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Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Different Domains: Customer Support vs. Educational Assistance 5

Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Different Domains: Cus...

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5th International Conference on Advanced information Technologies, ICAIT 2024

作者： Thant, Khin Shin Mon Khaing, Myat Khaung Tin, Hlaing Htake University of Computer Studies Hinthada Faculty of Information Science Hinthada Myanmar University of Information Technology Faculty of Information Science Yangon Myanmar

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510046

ChatGPT performs with striking contrasts regarding customer service and education, lessons learned in why that is the way it is, how the study uses it, and what the study can do to improve this. ChatGPT is excellent for customer support and the response to the common questions it was built on may be fast and accurate. This is to help both users and resolve issues. Each day's work is treated as quality, however, when demonstrating more troublesome or irregular problems it comes up short. If the study were to improve this cloud function by making it better at handling complex queries and sounding a lot more human, the study chatbot could perform much better in this and many other domains. But it's usually wrong and users have reported mixed outcomes. This research proposes how challenging it can be to communicate complex concepts and relate to diverse learning styles. This research will improve ChatGPT for support and as an assistant in each context where it is used. The next target of improvement is to solve the lack of contextual helping experience for ChatGPT users. This paper is crucial in informing how the study might cautiously break conversational AI and indeed future engagements with technology beyond dominant use cases and shaped towards inclusive models that stand to have a significantly positive impact on human lives. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sales

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Dementia diagnosis in young adults: a machine learning and optimization approach

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第34期36卷 21451-21464页

作者： Talaat, Fatma M. Ibraheem, Mai Ramadan Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science & amp Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Information Kafrelsheiksh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt

Individuals who are younger and have dementia often start experiencing its symptoms before they turn 65, with cases even documented in people as young as their thirties. Researchers strive for accurate dementia diagnosis to slow or halt its progression. This paper presents a novel Enhanced Dementia Detection and Classification Model (EDCM) comprised of four modules: data acquisition, preprocessing, hyperparameter optimization, and feature extraction/classification. Notably, the model uses texture information from segmented brain images for improved feature extraction, leading to significant gains in both binary and multi-class classification. This is achieved by selecting optimal features via a Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)-driven enhancement model. Results demonstrate substantial accuracy improvements after optimization. For instance, using an Extra Tree Classifier for "normal" cases, the model achieves 85% accuracy before optimization. However, with GWO-optimized features and hyperparameters, the accuracy jumps to 97%. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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