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3rd International Postgraduate Conference on Mechanical engineering 2024, IPCME 2024

作者： Rosli, Nurrina Zailani, Nina Ainatulmardhiah A Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang26600 Malaysia

Effective thermal management in microfluidic devices depends on precise temperature measurement, which is crucial for processes such as drug release and food packaging. This study investigates the use of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) as a non-intrusive method for temperature measurement in microchannels fabricated using micron-sized shims. Initially, the channel thickness was validated using the LIF method with Coumarin 153 (C153) dye, which revealed minor thickness measurement errors that had a negligible impact on temperature sensitivity trends. For temperature measurement within the microchannel, Rhodamine B (RhB), a highly sensitive and water-soluble fluorescent dye was employed. The findings show a temperature sensitivity ranging from -0.1%/°C to -0.4%/°C, which remains reliable despite the use of low laser power output with a wavelength relatively far from the maximum absorption of RhB. Future studies could enhance temperature sensitivity by considering the trade-off between laser power output and dye concentration, further improving this approach for various microfluidic applications. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Temperature measurement

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Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Thermoelectric Materials Using Hummers' Method 3

Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide for...

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3rd International Postgraduate Conference on Mechanical engineering 2024, IPCME 2024

作者： Sulaiman, Suraya Wealth, Lennon Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang26600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering University Teknologi Malaysia Johor81310 Malaysia

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using the Hummers' method. Graphite was first oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) and then reduced to RGO. We used X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate the material. The XRD results showed a crystallite size of 12.80 nm, but the RGO peaks didn't match the standard ICDD data, indicating that some graphite remained in the sample. FESEM images revealed that the RGO had a non-uniform, wrinkled structure due to the rapid removal of oxygen groups during reduction. EDX confirmed the high purity of the RGO, showing 80.10% carbon and 19.90% oxygen by weight. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed five absorption peaks, with the highest at 275 nm and an absorption value of 3.139. These findings suggest that while the RGO synthesis was mostly successful, some graphite impurities remained, and further refinement of the process might be needed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Energy dispersive spectroscopy

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Artificial intelligence-Based Detection of Unattended Child Presence in Vehicles 3

Artificial intelligence-Based Detection of Unattended Child ...

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3rd International Postgraduate Conference on Mechanical engineering 2024, IPCME 2024

作者： Jefri, Nur Atikah Saruchi, Sarah Atifah Aziz, Radhiyah Abd Nordin, Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan Jawi, Zulhaidi Mohd Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan26600 Malaysia Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan26600 Malaysia Selangor Kajang43000 Malaysia

The issue of unattended children in vehicles is a critical concern due to the significant risks it poses, including fatalities and heat strokes, necessitating immediate attention. Therefore, this study proposes an unattended child presence detection system in vehicles via Convolutional Neural Networks. The methodology begins with the collection of data through images captured using a doll to simulate a child's presence inside vehicles. These images are used for training the CNN models, which utilize state-of-the-art architectures such as ResNet and MobileNet. Through rigorous simulations, the CNN models achieved a commendable training accuracy exceeding 90%. This high accuracy underscores the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting the presence of unattended children in various real-world scenarios. The findings underscore the efficacy of deep learning techniques in addressing critical safety concerns related to unattended children in vehicles. The high accuracy rate indicates that the proposed system can reliably detect a child's presence, potentially preventing tragic incidents. The research concludes that integrating such deep learning-based detection systems in vehicles can significantly enhance child safety. Future research directions could explore enhancing the system's robustness to diverse environmental conditions and vehicle types. Additionally, integrating real-time monitoring and alert systems could further enhance the system's practical application and effectiveness in preventing incidents involving unattended children. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Biodegradable and Green Degreaser for Industrial Application: An Overview 3

Biodegradable and Green Degreaser for Industrial Application...

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3rd International Postgraduate Conference on Mechanical engineering 2024, IPCME 2024

作者： Cholis, Nur Razali, Mohd Najib Ramli, Najmuddin Mohd Sahran, Mohd Syahmi Iskandar Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang26300 Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang Pahang26300 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Selatan Jakarta12450 Indonesia

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of biodegradable and green degreasers for industrial applications. Traditional degreasers, although effective in removing oils, grease, and residues, often pose significant environmental and health concerns due to the use of hazardous chemicals like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). In response to increasing regulatory pressures and sustainability goals, biodegradable alternatives are gaining attention. These green degreasers utilize renewable materials, aligning with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to environmental protection, climate action, and sustainable industrial practices. While these eco-friendly solutions offer promising performance and environmental benefits, challenges such as cost, awareness, and certification hinder widespread adoption. The review emphasizes the importance of continuous research, the need for standardization in biodegradability assessment, and innovations in biosurfactants and nanotechnology to improve the effectiveness of these products. Ultimately, biodegradable degreasers present a sustainable path forward for industries aiming to reduce their environmental impact and comply with evolving regulatory frameworks. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Green development

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Investigation of the Automatic Sorting Machine Based on PLC - Pneumatic System 3

Investigation of the Automatic Sorting Machine Based on PLC ...

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3rd International Postgraduate Conference on Mechanical engineering 2024, IPCME 2024

作者： Rashid, A.N. Yahya, N.M. Senawi, A. Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang26600 Malaysia Centre for Mathematical Sciences Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia

Automatic systems have been extensively significant in the Malaysian industry, especially in manufacturing, electrical, and electronic sectors, as Malaysia is a major contributor to the country's manufacturing exports. This is due to the high demand for the product, and Malaysia is a resourceful country that excels in producing high-quality products. Sorting is one of the manufacturing processes that involve arranging items based on a set of criteria to classify and group the items that will further be stored in the correct place. The manual labour hired in this process causes inefficiency in work, significant delays, and leads the worker to fatigue, which tends to result in visual errors, overlooking the product, and consequently may affect the customer. This study aims to comprehensively assess the sorting machine's capabilities by evaluating its sorting speed, accuracy, and adaptability to diverse materials through a prototype of an automatic sorting machine based on a PLC-Pneumatic system that may enhance work efficiency in the industrial sector. The pneumatic cylinder will be used to sort the items with respect to the sensor that gives the signal upon the detection of the type of material. The programming of the PLC is done using Siemens Step7 MicroWIN software. Through this method, the automatic sorting machine surpasses the manual sorting method in terms of power and efficiency. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pneumatics

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Adoption and Impact of Quick Response manufacturing Across Industry Sector

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Operations Research Forum 2025年第2期6卷 1-32页

作者： Nelfiyanti, N. Md Yasir, Ahmad Shah Hizam Mohamed, Nik Ahmad, M.F.A. Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jakarta 10510 Indonesia Faculty of Resilience Rabdan Academy 65 Al Inshirah Al Sa’adah Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang 26600 Malaysia

Quick response manufacturing (QRM) is a strategic manufacturing approach aimed at reducing production cycle times to enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness. Industries today face persistent challenges, such as delayed product deliveries, high operating costs, and inefficiencies that hinder productivity and quality. While numerous studies have highlighted the theoretical benefits of QRM, there remains a lack of consolidated evidence on its practical impact across multiple industry sectors. Specifically, there is limited comparative analysis that synthesizes QRM outcomes in diverse contexts, such as precision manufacturing, textiles, and small and medium industries (SMI). This research gap hinders a broader understanding of QRM’s cross-sector applicability and its tangible contributions to production performance. To address this gap, this study evaluates the adoption and impact of QRM across various industry sectors through a comprehensive literature review, analyzing 70 academic articles and industry reports. The research focuses on three critical areas: (1) efficiency in production and delivery, (2) cost reduction, and (3) enhancement of product quality and quantity. Data was sourced from peer-reviewed academic journals, industry case studies, and relevant research reports. The findings reveal that QRM significantly improves on-time delivery by 45% and reduces production backlog by 50%. Additionally, QRM lowers warehousing and inventory costs by 35% and minimizes production downtime costs by 40%. Product quality and quantity improvements include a 30% reduction in defects and a 25% increase in output. This study fills the existing research gap by providing a sector-spanning evaluation of QRM’s effectiveness and concludes that QRM is a highly effective strategy for optimizing manufacturing efficiency, enhancing supply chain operations, and reducing operational costs. It offers valuable insights for industry stakeholders seeking data-driven justifications

关键词： Cost reduction Late delivery Product quality Production efficiency Quick response manufacturing

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Two-layer eco-driving approach of connected hybrid electric vehicles by convex optimization via signalized intersections

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Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 2025年 42卷

作者： Zhang, Qiang Xiong, Jian Guo, Ningyuan Chen, Zheng Zhang, Yuanjian Liu, Yonggang Liu, Jin Faculty of Transportation Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Foshan University Foshan528225 China School of Automotive Studies Tongji University Shanghai201804 China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions & School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Intelligent Manufacturing College Foshan Polytechnic Foshan528137 China

Developing a sophisticated energy-management-centered eco-driving method can significantly boost the driving economy of vehicles. However, current optimization methods for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in multi-traffic-light scenarios still have room to improve energy-saving optimality and computational efficiency. Hence, this paper proposes a two-layer convex approach for the eco-driving of connected HEVs at signalized intersections. In the upper layer, a convex motor-power model is built, and a position constraint within the green-light time window is decided using traffic light information and signal phase-and-timing data. Then, a convex velocity-planning problem to minimize motor energy consumption is formulated and efficiently solved. In the lower layer, the engine's optimal operating line and unified battery-power constraints are introduced, and a series of convexification steps are performed. This enables the establishment of a convex-optimization energy management problem for minimizing fuel consumption, facilitating fast solution. Results show that the proposed method can effectively manage multi-signal scenarios, allowing vehicles to pass through green lights and avoid red-light waits. Regarding motor energy and fuel consumption, it achieves near-optimal results, with a deviation of less than 2 % from the global optimum. The optimization takes only about 1 s (around 1/24000–1/6 to comparative methods’), indicating high computational efficiency. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Hybrid power

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Multivariate Analysis of pH-Dependent Carbon Dots Sensitivity for Fe3⁺ Ions Detection Using UV–VIS Spectroscopy

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Journal of Fluorescence 2025年 1-20页

作者： Raypah, Muna E. Jamlos, Mohd Faizal Muncan, Jelena Khalif, Ku Muhammad Naim Ku Saruchi, Sarah Atifah Ali, Munira Mohd Yee, Chin Sim Nugroho, Agus Puranto, Prabowo Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang26300 Malaysia Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan26600 Malaysia Centre for Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan26600 Malaysia Aquaphotomics Research Field Graduate School of Agriculture Kobe University Kobe Japan Centre for Mathematical Sciences Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang26300 Malaysia Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan26600 Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang26300 Malaysia Jakarta Indonesia

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have become a potent and adaptable nanomaterial in recent years for the sensitive and specific detection of heavy metal ions. Ferric ion (Fe3+) is one of the most damaging metal ions that can infiltrate the human body and the environment. In this study, blue-emitting carbon dots (CDs) were successfully synthesized from lemon juice using a hydrothermal process. The sensitivity of CDs to Fe3+ ions was examined using various concentrations of Fe3+ (0–400 µM) under different pH conditions (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13) by measuring UV–Vis absorbance at 200–700 nm. The findings showed that the interaction between CDs and Fe3+ is significantly influenced by pH, resulting in varying absorbance enhancement responses. To get more profound insights into this pH-dependent performance, multivariate analysis techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were utilized. By combining these techniques with experimental data, significant correlations between pH levels, π-π∗ and n-π∗ electronic transitions of CDs, and Fe3⁺ sensing performance were identified. According to the PLSR model, pH 7 is ideal for real-world uses since it offers the optimum balance between Fe3⁺ solubility and CDs sensing capabilities, closely matching environmental and physiological conditions. This work contributes to the knowledge of CDs-based sensing mechanisms and emphasizes the value of multivariate analysis in boosting material performance for real-world applications in the biochemical and environmental domains. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Physiological models

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Modified Tamanu Plant-Based Oil From Pahang Malaysia as Biodegradable Metalworking Fluids

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 75卷 39-45页

作者： Abdul Sani, Amiril Sahab Zamri, Zubaidah Megat Ahmad Radzi, Puteri Humairah Sabri, Ainaa Mardhiah Talib, Norfazillah Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan Pahang 26600 Malaysia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Batu Pahat Johor 86400 Malaysia

Metalworking fluid (MWF) is a cooling and lubrication agent for the machining process. It is used as a coolant for rapid heat removal and provides a lubrication mechanism at the cutting zone. However, commercial MWFs such as synthetic ester and mineral oil give negative effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, the manufacturing industry should substitute commercial oil with vegetable-based oil. Calophyllum Inophyllum or also known as Tamanu is one of the feasible plant that has abundant oil quantity. In this study, modified Tamanu based oil with Trimethylolpropane ester (MTO) and modified Tamanu based oil with Pentaerythritol ester (MTOP) have been prepared and tested for their physical and tribological properties. Two types of ionic liquids;Phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL) and Ammonium-based ionic liquid (AIL) were added to each Tamanu-based oil (MTO and MTOP) to enhance their physical and tribological properties. Physical tests and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were performed on each lubricant samples. The obtained results have shown that there is high viscosity index in MTOP + PIL 1 % and a lower double bond value in MTOP oil. MTOP + PIL 1 % has shown improvement in its tribological properties and can be comparable with commercial oil. Thus, it is suitable to be used as a substitute for commercial metalworking fluid in corresponding to green manufacturing activity. © 2022

关键词： Viscosity

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Effect of process parameter on tensile properties of FDM printed PLA

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 109卷 1-6页

作者： Sandanamsamy, L. Mogan, J. Rajan, K. Harun, W.S.W. Ishak, I. Romlay, F.R.M. Samykano, M. Kadirgama, K. Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan Pahang Malaysia Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan Pahang Malaysia

In recent years, 3D printing has contributed to developing new materials and applications, owing to its technological flexibility and distinct characteristics. Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer samples have been produced using one of the additive manufacturing (AM) processes called fused deposition modelling (FDM). However, poor mechanical characteristics are the most prevalent problem due to the processing parameter when parts are fabricated with FDM. The research aims to study the tensile properties of PLA by varying the processing parameter. In this study, PLA material was used due to its biocompatibility properties. This research is to analyze and compare the tensile properties of 3D printed samples by varying the infill density and raster angle. The change in the circumstances has a discernible impact on the tensile strength based on varied infill densities and raster angles. The results show that infill density of 100% and 45° raster angle performs better tensile strength than 50% and 75% infill density. Hence, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of the printed samples has a noticeable effect when the processing parameters vary. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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