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Quick scoping review on the impact of sand mining activities on freshwater ecosystem, hydraulic regime and river morphology

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2484卷

作者： N. S. H. Johari N. A. Zaiddin M. S. Sulaiman S. K. Sinnakaudan E. Sathiamurthy A. F. Hamzah 1Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21300 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia. 2Hydrology and Water Resources Research Interest Group Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21300 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia. 3Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Permatang Pauh 13500 Pulau Pinang Malaysia. 4Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Darul Iman Malaysia. 5Hydraulic and Instrumental Laboratory National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) 43300 Seri Kembangan Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.

Sand mining is a worldwide environmental threat that is gaining media's attention. Sand and gravel are the most important materials for building construction. However, excessive withdrawal from the river system may cause irreversible damages to the ecological and socio-economics in the long run. As demands for stronger regulation of mining develop, the scientific evidence needs to be understood in order to justify the effectiveness of the management. The mining process not only induced channel incision, but also disrupted sediment balance in the area whereas, the sediment loads responsible for the changes of the banks that lead to exposure of underlying grain, deteriorating the water quality and encroaching the abundance of species habitats. By using Quick Scoping Review (QSR), the aim for this paper is to provide a summary of various studies on the impacts practice of sand mining either positively or negatively on the environment, aquatic habitat, biodiversity and hydraulic regime of the river system. It was found that negative impacts and significant alteration were dominant opposed to the positive impacts. Channel incision, loss of habitat and sedimentation at downstream areas were identified as direct impact due to sand mining activities. QSR results show that response river ecosystem to sand mining is complex. The documented collected response showed that channel incision contributes the most impact due to sand mining activity at the river, followed by sediment fluctuation on river bed. However, self-sustaining of river to dynamic equilibrium will give little help to reduce the negative impact of sand mining activities but self-adjustment process acquires longer time than the former. These findings may help authorities on planning the best management practice for sustainable mining activities in the and nurture the importance of preserving river ecosystem and providing mitigation plan in future.

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The impact of El Niño-southern oscillation to the wind and solar data in Malaysia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期463卷

作者： A. Albani M.Z. Ibrahim S. Ghani M.R. Zulkifli N.N.A.G. Ganesan Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy (ECRE) Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia

Malaysia has initiated initiatives to use renewable energy as a resource of electricity generation since 2011 through the establishment of laws and policies related to renewable energy. The geographical location of Malaysia has led to limited of intermittent renewable energy resources and requires a more detailed study of the various factors impacting electricity generation. This paper aims to understand the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the reanalysis wind and solar data. The Wavelet Transform will be used to study the relationship between the reanalysis wind and solar dataset with the Multivariate ENSO index in the Malaysia region. During Very Strong and Strong El Nino, the site experienced an increment of both wind velocity and solar irradiance and reduced during La-Nina. This ENSO impact study is essential as a reference for future wind and solar energy development planning, energy predicting, and risk valuation in Malaysia.

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Numerical treatment of nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2365卷

作者： Zainidin Eshkuvatov Zaid Laadjal Shahrina Ismail 1)Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics (FOETI) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Kuala Terengganu Malaysia 2)Independent Researcher Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Intellectual Technology National University of Uzbekistan (NUUz) Tashkent Uzbekistan 3)Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences ICOSI Laboratory Abbes Laghrour University Khenchela 40004 Algeria 4)Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Negeri Sembilan Malaysia

In recent years, considerable interest in fractional differential equations has been stimulated due to their numerous applications in the areas of physics and engineering. Many essential phenomena in electromagnetics, acoustics, viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, and material science are well described by differential equations of fractional order (Podlubny [8]). In certain circumstances, many exact solutions for linear fractional differential equation had been found. However, in general, there exists no method that yields an exact solution for nonlinear fractional differential equations. In this note, we consider the following nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equation (VFIDEs) of fractional order. cD0+αu(t)φ(t)+λ∫0t ∫0Tk(x,s)F(u(s))dxds,(1)u(i)(0)=bi, i=0,…,n−1, n−1<α≤n,(2)where t ∈ Ω = [0; T], k : Ω × Ω → ℝ, ϕ : Ω → ℝ are known functions, F : C(Ω, ℝ) → ℝ is nonlinear function, and u(s) is unknown function to be determined, bi (i = 0,…, n − 1) and λ are constants, cD0+α is the Caputo fractional derivative of order α. At first, Eq. (1)-(2) is written into operator form and applied standard homotopy analysis method (Liao, 1992) to reduce it into a sequence of known integral equation problems. Solving the latter equations step by step using the truncated Taylor series, an approximate solution is obtained. Description of the method and discretization of the problems together with the control convergence parameter are thoroughly studied. In addition, one example is illustrated to show the accuracy and validity of the proposed approach. Numerical results reveal that the proposed method is highly accurate and quickly approaches the exact solution when the number of iteration increases.

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Determination of erosion risk level at the downstream of Kelantan river

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2454卷

作者： Abdul Hafidz Yusoff Siti Nurfazreen Abdul Rahman Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman Marini Mohamad Ideris Yee Cai Goh 1Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus 17600 Jeli Kelantan Malaysia 2Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21300 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia 3Hydrology and Water Resources Research Interest Group Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21300 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia 4Water Resources and Climate Change Research Centre National Water Research Institute (NAHRIM) Jalan Putra Permai 43300 Seri Kembangan Selangor Malaysia

Riverbank erosion is an undesired phenomenon and was always given a special attention by engineers and authorities in the past. Human activities are believed accelerated the process of erosion at either terrestrial area or in the river system. The hydraulic force will prompt toe erosion at the water edge while percentage of soil composition always induced potential mass wasting at the upper riverbank section. The second category of erosion was given special attention in this study. The aftermath of 2014 catastrophe flood in Kelantan initiated gradual erosion along the Kelantan River network. It is believed that the vegetative cover at the riverbank section was washed away by the flooding event. The exposure of bare soil is susceptible to have erosion should the rainfall erosivity exceeds the capacity of soil to withstand the interlocking texture. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the potential risk of riverbank erosion at the area where no vegetative cover was detected. The study area was focused on the downstream part of Sg Kelantan River basin due to dense of population and active socio-economic activities. The hand Auger was deployed to extract the soil composition along the riverbank section. The device was hammered at an approximate 50 mm- 1 meter beneath the ground surface to sample the undisturbed soil. The soils were brought to the lab for sieving and hydrometer analysis. The main purpose laboratory work is to obtain a complete grain size distribution. The final grain size distribution was mapped against the RON index to obtain the potential risk of either “low”, “moderate”, “high”, “very high” or “critical” erosion. The output of this study revealed that point number 3 (N 6°11’50”, E 102°14’5”) and point number 4 (N 6°12’22”, E 102°14’5”) are susceptible to have critical erosion risk level based on soil composition. These two points were located downstream from Sungai Kelantan and near with the residential area. It is expected that high rainfall

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Potential of oil palm trunk starch as flocculant for contaminant of emerging compound removal

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期842卷

作者： M F Mohd Amin M S Mat Rasat M I Ahmad N S Aftar Ali K Muda N S Zaidi S Ismail M F Mohamad Shahimin M A Mohd Amin M A Salam Faculty of Earth Science UMK Jeli Campus Jeli Kelantan Malaysia Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology UMK Jeli Campus Jeli Kelantan Malaysia Department of Water and Environmental Engineering School of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia Faculty of Environmental Technology (FTK) Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kampus Alam UniMEP Pauh Putra Perlis Malaysia Verdastro Sdn Bhd Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng Kuantan Malaysia Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh

In this preliminary study, a natural flocculant is developed from an oil palm trunk. The flocculant further tested for its ability in turbidity and COD removal with additional of atrazine in wastewater and demineralised water matrix. At the optimum dosage of 20mg/L, the developed cationic OPT starch able to remove around 95% turbidity and 85% COD. In addition, the cationic OPT starch also show the ability to remove spiked atrazine from both water matrixes to the maximum range of 55-85%. In conclusion, the developed oil-palm based flocculant show great potential for real-world application with added cost-effective benefits.

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Switchable Beam Antenna with Five Planar Element using PIN Diode in Elevation Plane

Switchable Beam Antenna with Five Planar Element using PIN D...

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International Conference on Broadband Communication, Wireless Sensors and Powering

作者： F. H. Adan M. Jusoh T. Sabapathy M. N. Osman M. Alaydrus M. R. Awal H. A. Rahim M. N. M. Yasin A. Alomainy M. R. Kamarudin H. A. Majid Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Center of Excellence Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Research Group Advanced Telecommunication and Applied Electromagnetics Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Antennas and Electromagnetics Research Group Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) United Kingdom Centre of Electromagnetic Centre of Excellence (CoE) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9781728174501

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174518

This work focuses on the switchable beam parasitic patch antenna for the point to point communication system. This concept gives more flexibility due to their ability to modify the radiation and providing multiple functionalities. This work focuses on two points directly to minimize the number of PIN Diode and to maximize its reconfiguration capabilities. First, the concept of two parasitic element is addressed. The mutual coupling effect between both driven and parasitic has manage to steer the beam to -28°, 0° and +28° different angles in a single layer. The design consists of four parasitic elements with full ground and four pin diode switch HPND-4005, five different directions have been reached which are -45°, -30°, 0° +30° and +45°. The parasitic patch antenna has achieved high gain of 8.92dBi at 5.8 GHz with the beam ability to steer until 45° for both side of the parasitic element.

关键词： PIN photodiodes Patch antennas Switches Directive antennas Reflector antennas Reflection coefficient Broadband antennas

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Unstructured Malay Text Analytics Model in Crime

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期769卷

作者： Rosmayati Mohemad Nazratul Naziah Mohd Muhait Noor Maizura Mohamad Noor Zulaiha Ali Othman Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu MALAYSIA. Faculty of Information Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor MALAYSIA.

The concern in crime prevention to realize a safe environment for public's welfare is one of the central agenda to government authorities. The increasing volume of crime reports with unstructured data that are heavily loaded with text presents the biggest challenge to human experts in analysing the data efficiently as it contains lots of hidden and valuable information such as modus operandi and common crime patterns. The capacity limitations in human information processing demand an effective data analytics model to uncover these hidden and potentially meaningful information from large-scale of data especially in Malay language for improving analysis and supporting decision-making in crime investigation. The objective of this paper is to propose Unstructured Malay Text Analytics Model to support serial crime investigation based on modus operandi patterns. The significance output of this paper is to assist experts especially Royal Malaysia Police in crime investigation based on modus operandi patterns analysis as one of the efforts in reducing rate of crime index.

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Performance of Different Classifiers for Marine Habitat Mapping using Side Scan Sonar and Object-Based Image Analysis

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期540卷

作者： Raihanah Rusmadi Rozaimi Che Hasan Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Center for Coastal and Ocean Engineering (COEI) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Acoustic sonar techniques have been one of the successful underwater mapping alternatives for identifying the seafloor features. The integration between the technique and classification analysis can produce detail map of the seafloor. Among these sonar technologies, side-scan sonar (SSS) is one of the tools for underwater mapping that can provide high spatial resolution seafloor mosaic which is presented in greyscale level. However, before it can be used for the coral reef marine habitat mapping, it is essential to properly assess its performance and quantify the amount of information that can be extracted. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of habitat maps derived using side scan sonar data, Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) and five different classifier algorithms; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Decision Tree, and Bayes. This study utilized side-scan sonar model Klein system 3000 which operated at 100kHz combined with video data that was conducted in shallow water (depth > 10m). First, eight (8) texture layers were derived from side scan sonar mosaic using GLCM technique. Then, the GLCM layers of texture features were reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and analysed to seek for the most contributed texture layers. A total of 80 samples were derived which consist of four (4) classes; coral, sand, silt and mud. The result shows that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method produced the highest accuracy which is 81.25% followed by k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Bayes (68.75%, 66.25%, 57.5% and 45% respectively). The used of OBIA with SSS data offers a promising method to map marine habitats for a better understanding of spatial distribution and monitoring habitat changes in the future.

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Modelling and simulation of electric machines for Bas KiTe plug-in hybrid electric bus in Kuala Terengganu

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2484卷

作者： A. M. A. Asyraf A. A Eizaz M. Zulfadli Marniati D. R. Yusian Z. Rahmi M. F. Ayob J. S. Norbakyah A. R. Salisa 1Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia 2Cas Ligas Sdn Bhd. Level 9 Permint Tower Jalan Sultan Ismail 20200 Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia 3Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia Aceh Indonesia 4Renewable Energy and Power Research Interest Group (REPRIG) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia. 5Energy Storage Research Group (ESRG) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia

Global fossil fuel and diesel consumption have been increasing steadily for the past decade. Despite the increasing demand, the production of crude oil has been fluctuating. It is crucial to find an alternative to fossil fuel to preserve and prolong its oil supply. A good way of this is replacing public vehicles with hybrid vehicles, since good public transport will dissuade the public from using personal transport, reducing the number of cars on the road. The bus is the best choice since they are more prevalent than other forms of public vehicles. This research aims to design the electric machine model for hybrid buses, determine the parameters and specifications, derive a detailed model, and validate and analyse the developed electric machine (EM) with Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). The parameters and specification for the EM are determined before designing an EM model in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The model is then validated and analysed in the ADVISOR software. From this research, the ideal E M for hybrid buses can be developed. The results from this study suggest the possibility of using our built model as the basis for the components to be used in BAS KiTe PHEB. Using the BAS KiTe PHEB model, it expects that the diesel consumption will be significantly reduced, thus reducing the cost and environmental impact of the buses.

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Microstructure Study of Calcium Manganese Oxide (CaMnO3) as Perovskite Materials

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1535卷

作者： A M S Nurhaziqah I Q Afiqah Mohd Fazrul Hisam Abd. Aziz N A Nik Aziz Muhamad Zalani Daud S Hasiah I Nurhayati Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia

The use of metal oxide as an n-type semiconductor behavior is one of the important material in solar cells. Among the materials, these researches focus on perovskite structure of CaMnO3. The single phase of CaMnO3 synthesised by citrate method were studied for the microstructure of CaMnO3. The perovskite structure of CaMnO3 was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results indicated that the single phase of CaMnO3 was revealed by XRD analysis. The specific interactions in the metal oxide and hence about the complexation led by FTIR. The morphological structure of the samples was studied by SEM, which confirmed the XRD analysis. While TGA analysis affirmed the CaMnO3 was formed.

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