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Effect of Kinetic Energy and Angle of Incidence on Sputtering of P3HT by Low-Energy Ar Projectiles

Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2025年第20期129卷 9539-9549页

作者： Louerdi, Soukaina Mouhib, Taoufiq Kański, Michal Jakub Postawa, Zbigniew Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Lojasiewicza 11 Kraków30-348 Poland LISA Laboratory Hassan First University of Settat Berrechid26103 Morocco

Molecular dynamics computer simulations investigate the effect of kinetic energy and impact angle on the sputtering process of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) induced by Ar projectiles. The influence of these parameters on the projectile penetration depth, efficiency of particle ejection, as well as chemical and structural damage is probed. The observed variations can be attributed to an interplay between the depth of deposited energy near the bombarded surface and the amount of primary kinetic energy carried away by backscattered projectiles. The scope of damage is predominantly restricted to the depth of the projectile’s penetration, depending on the square root of the primary kinetic energy and the cosine of the impact angle. However, additional damage induced by collisions with energized sample atoms is also observed. Projectiles that remain in the sample tend to agglomerate at the interlayer spacings. The chemical damage is predominantly created in the alkyl chain. The implications of the current work for the SIMS/SNMS analysis of P3HT by low-energy Ar projectiles are discussed. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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XANES reference library of sulphur-containing compounds for biological research: a status report from the ASTRA beamline at the SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre

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RSC Advances 2025年第17期15卷 13513-13524页

作者： Klonecka, Agnieszka Slawek, Joanna Gazdowicz, Grzegorz Maximenko, Alexey Slawek, Andrzej Piszak, Marcel Lichtenberg, Henning Kozak, Maciej SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre Kraków Poland The Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology Kraków Poland Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany Department of Biomedical Physics Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland

Sulphur is present in a vast multitude of biological compounds, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful and well-established characterization technique to study the local atomic environment of this chemical element in such systems in detail, with a high potential for advancing knowledge in medicine, biotechnology and environmental research. For this project, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the sulphur K-absorption edge was used to investigate sulphur-containing compounds of biological interest at the ASTRA beamline (SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Kraków, Poland). XANES provides valuable insights into the bonding environment of sulphur and thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural characteristics and functional roles of sulphur in biological systems. The ASTRA beamline, specifically optimized for XAS in the tender energy range, offers ideal conditions for further research in this field, enabling detailed analysis of the composition and changes in sulphur containing compounds. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy

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Finite-size catalysis in quantum resource theories

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Physical Review A 2025年第2期111卷 022440-022440页

作者： Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Kamil Korzekwa Department of Applied Physics University of Geneva 1211 Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University 30-348 Kraków Poland

Quantum catalysis, the ability to enable previously impossible transformations by using auxiliary systems without degrading them, has emerged as a powerful tool in various resource theories. Although catalytically enabled state transformations have been formally characterized by the monotonic behavior of entropic quantifiers (e.g., the von Neumann entropy or nonequilibrium free energy), such characterizations often rely on unphysical assumptions, namely, the ability of using catalysts of infinitely large dimension. This approach offers very limited insights into the practical significance of using catalysis for quantum information processing. Here, we address this problem across a broad class of quantum resource theories. Leveraging quantum information tools beyond the asymptotic regime, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of catalytic transformations with finite-size catalysts. We further unveil connections between finite-size catalysis and multicopy transformations. Notably, we discover a phenomenon of catalytic resonance: by carefully tailoring the catalysts's state, one can drastically reduce the required dimension of the catalyst, thus enabling efficient catalytic transformations with minimal resources. Finally, we illustrate our findings with examples from the resource theories of entanglement and thermodynamics, as well in the context of catalytic unitary transformations.

关键词： Free energy

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Yang-Lee zeros for real-space condensation

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Physical Review E 2025年第1期111卷 L012101-L012101页

作者： Zdzislaw Burda Desmond A. Johnston Mario Kieburg Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Krakow al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom and Maxwell Institute of Mathematical Sciences Edinburgh United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Krakow al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland and Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University P.O. Box 100131 D-33501 Bielefeld Germany

Using the electrostatic analogy, we derive an exact formula for the limiting Yang-Lee zero distribution in the random allocation model of general weights. This exhibits a real-space condensation phase transition, which is induced by a pressure change. The exact solution allows one to read off the scaling of the density of zeros at the critical point and the angle at which the locus of zeros hits the critical point. Since the order of the phase transition and critical exponents can be tuned with a single parameter for several families of weights, the model provides a useful testing ground for verifying various relations between the distribution of zeros and the critical behavior, as well as for exploring the behavior of physical quantities in the mesoscopic regime, i.e., systems of large but finite size. The main result is that asymptotically the Yang-Lee zeros are images of a conformal mapping, given by the generating function for the weights, of uniformly distributed complex phases.

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Chern-Simons gravitational term coupled to an isocurvature field

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Orlando, Giorgio Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland

The Chern-Simons gravitational term during inflation is usually coupled to the inflaton field. The resulting theory suffers from ghost-field formation in the tensor sector, which limits the observational effects of P-violation on cosmological correlators. In this work, we consider the Chern-Simons term coupled to an isocurvature component in a multi-field model of inflation. Since the resulting theory does not affect the quadratic action of tensor perturbations, ghost fields do not appear. This operator provides (P-violating) interactions between the isocurvature perturbation and the curvature and tensor perturbations. We show that combining these couplings with interactions between the curvature and isocurvature components coming from a turning trajectory, the resulting 〈sst〉PV non-Gaussianities can reach fNLsst,PV = BPVζζh(k, k, k)/Pζ2(k) ∼ O(1) within the parameter space of the theory. Our result motivates the systematic study of the Chern-Simons gravitational term coupled to isocurvature fields in multi-field models of inflation with couplings between the curvature and isocurvature fields or other mechanisms that transfer effects on the isocurvature field into the curvature field. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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Primordial full bispectra from the general bounce cosmology

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Akama, Shingo Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland

Primordial non-Gaussianities are key quantities to test early universe scenarios. In this paper, we compute full bispectra of scalar and tensor perturbations generated during a contracting phase in a general bounce model. The general bounce model consists of two branches: one realizes scale-invariant scalar and tensor power spectra from perturbations whose amplitudes become constant on superhorizon scales, as in de Sitter inflation, while the other realizes scale-invariant power spectra from perturbations whose amplitudes grow on superhorizon scales, as in matter bounce cosmology. We study the auto- and cross-bispectra originating from the scale-invariant scalar and tensor perturbations in these two branches. We investigate the amplitudes and shapes of non-Gaussianities and find that the differences between the two branches manifest for equilateral and squeezed momentum triangle configurations. In particular, one of the branches in which the superhorizon perturbations are conserved reproduces the so-called Maldacena’s consistency relation. By examining perturbativity conditions and considering current observational constraints on primordial non-Gaussianities, we also find a viable parameter space in which both theoretical and observational constraints are satisfied simultaneously. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Tensors

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Far-field optical propagators with user-defined object-plane pixel size for ptychography

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第4期4卷 804-825页

作者： Pelekanidis, Antonios Eikema, Kjeld S. E. Witte, Stefan Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography Science Park 106 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Physics and Astronomy Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1105 Amsterdam1081 HV Netherlands Imaging Physics Department Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 Delft Netherlands

Lensless imaging techniques have been developed to visualize objects with high robustness and unprecedented resolution. Lensless imaging is based on the numerical reconstruction of the transmission or reflection function of a sample from optical diffraction measurements. Specifically, coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) and ptychography involve an iterative process of numerical propagation of coherent light waves between the sample and detector plane. However, in the standard propagation models, the pixel size of the reconstructed object image is typically fixed and wavelength-dependent, which limits CDI and broadband ptychography. Here we investigate three propagation models for far-field propagation that allow user-defined pixel size at the object plane. These propagators are the two-step Fresnel, scaled angular spectrum, and chirp-Z transform. We derive their analytical expressions and observe that all three models are mathematically equivalent, although they have a different physical origin. Each propagator can be written in two distinct versions, which conceptually represent propagation via different intermediate planes. We perform propagation simulations and ptychographic reconstructions on experimental data to compare the performance of these two different versions. We also investigate how sampling bandwidth requirements can affect the model accuracy due to physical errors associated with cropping of high spatial frequencies. Our results show that the choice of the intermediate plane can affect the reconstruction quality due to different sampling bandwidth requirements, which enables a wider choice of pixel sizes in the object plane. Our analysis provides guidelines for selecting an optimized object pixel size when performing reconstructions on broadband CDI and ptychography data. © 2025, Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Z transforms

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Video classification for efficient data storage using deep learning: a comparison of sequential and simultaneous feature extraction methods

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 3071-3094页

作者： Dang Thi, Phuc Nguyen Dang, Hoang Thi Doan Huu, Phuc Dau Sy, Hieu Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City 12 Nguyen Van Bao Ho Chi Minh City7000 Viet Nam Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Applied Science University of Technology - Viet Nam National University HCMC To Hien Thanh Ho Chi Minh City7000 Viet Nam

Optimizing camera information storage is a critical issue due to the increasing data volume and a large number of daily surveillance videos. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based system for efficient data storage. Videos captured by cameras are classified into four categories: no action, normal action, human action, and dangerous action. Videos without action or with normal action are stored temporarily and then deleted to save storage space. Videos with human action are stored for easy retrieval, while videos with dangerous action are promptly alerted to users. In the paper, we propose two approaches using deep learning models to address the video classification problem. The first approach is a separate approach, where pretrained CNN models extract features from video frame images. These features are then passed through RNN, Transformer models to extract relationships between them. The goal of this approach is to delve into extracting features of objects in the video. The proposed models include VGG16, InceptionV3 combined with LSTM, BiLSTM, Attention, and Vision Transformer. The next approach combines CNN and LSTM layers simultaneously through models like ConvLSTM and LRCN. This approach aims to help the model simultaneously extract object features and their relationships, with the goal of reducing model size, accelerating the training process, and increasing object recognition speed when deployed in the system. In Approach 1, we construct and refine network architectures such as VGG16+LSTM, VGG16+Attention+LSTM, VGG16+BiLSTM, VGG16+ViT, InceptionV3+LSTM, InceptionV3+Attention+LSTM, InceptionV3+BiLSTM. In Approach 2, we build a new network architecture based on the ConvLSTM and LRCN model. The training dataset, collected from real surveillance cameras, comprises 3315 videos labeled into four classes: no action (1018 videos), actions involving people (832 videos), dangerous actions (751 videos), and normal actions (714 videos). Experimental results show t

关键词： Deep learning

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A detector for future DIS at the energy frontier 42

A detector for future DIS at the energy frontier

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42nd International Conference on High Energy physics, ICHEP 2024

作者： Forthomme, Laurent AGH University of Kraków Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-055 Poland

The proposed Large Hadron-electron Collider and the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode allow the study of DIS in the TeV regime. These facilities will provide electron-hadron collisions, with instantaneous luminosity around 1034 cm−2 s−1 in electron-proton case, by colliding a 50 GeV electron beam from a highly innovative energy-recovery linac system with the LHC/FCC hadron beams, concurrently with other experiments for hadron-hadron collisions. The detector design was updated in the 2020 Conceptual Design Report. Ongoing developments since then include an improved interaction region design, reflecting state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation simulations, together with a more detailed study of an all-silicon central tracking detector. Additional capabilities for particle identification, enabling improved semi-inclusive DIS and eA studies, are also underway. In this article, we describe the current detector design and ongoing discussion in the framework of a new ep/eA study being carried out on behalf of CERN, highlighting areas of common interest with other future collider experiments and the new Detector R&D Collaborations in Europe. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Colliding beam accelerators

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Interpreting pulsar timing array data of gravitational waves with Ekpyrosis-bouncing cosmology

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Physical Review D 2025年第4期111卷 043508-043508页

作者： Taotao Qiu Mian Zhu School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University 30-348 Krakow Poland

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments have reported strong evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If interpreted as primordial gravitational waves, the signal favors a strongly blue-tilted spectrum. On the other hand, the Ekpyrosis-bouncing cosmology with a strongly blue-tilted gravitational wave spectrum, i.e., nT≃2, offers a potential explanation for the observed SGWB signal. In this paper, we construct a concrete Ekpyrosis-bouncing model, and show its capacity to intepret the PTA result without pathologies. Both tensor and scalar perturbations are analyzed with constraints from the current observations.

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