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CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). XII. CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor and Dust-to-Gas Ratio

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yasuda, Atsushi Kuno, Nario Sorai, Kazuo Muraoka, Kazuyuki Miyamoto, Yusuke Kaneko, Hiroyuki Yajima, Yoshiyuki Tanaka, Takahiro Morokuma-Matsui, Kana Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Kobayashi, Masato I.N. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8571 Japan Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8571 Japan Department of Physics School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Hyogo Sanda669-1337 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido060-0810 Japan Department of Cosmosciences Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido060-0810 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuen-cho Naka-ku Sakai Osaka599-8531 Japan Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fukui University of Technology 3-6-1 Gakuen Fukui Fukui910-8505 Japan Graduate School of Education Joetsu University of Education 1 Yamayashiki-machi Joetsu Niigata943-8512 Japan Center for Astronomy Ibaraki University 2-1-1 Bunkyo Ibaraki Mito310-8512 Japan Institute of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Aichi Nagoya464-8602 Japan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Osawa 2-21-1 Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan I. Physikalisches Institut Universität zu Köln Zülpicher Str 77 KölnD-50937 Germany

We simultaneously measured the spatially-resolved CO-to-H2 conversion factor (αCO) and dust-to-gas ratio (DGR) in nearby galaxies on a kiloparsec scale. In this study, we used 12CO(J = 1 − 0) data obtained by the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope with Hi and dust mass surface densities. We obtained the values of global αCO and DGR in 22 nearby spiral galaxies, with averages of 2.66 ± 1.36 M pc−2 (K km s−1)−1and 0.0052 ± 0.0026, respectively. Furthermore, the radial variations of αCO and DGR in four barred spiral galaxies (IC 342, NGC 3627, NGC 5236, and NGC 6946) were obtained by dividing them into the inner and outer regions with a boundary of 0.2R25, where R25 is the isophotal radius at 25 mag arcsec−2 in the B band. The averages of αCO and DGR in the inner region (≤ 0.2R25) are 0.36 ± 0.08 M pc−2 (K km s−1)−1 and 0.0199 ± 0.0058, while those in the outer region (> 0.2R25) are 1.49 ± 0.76 M pc−2 (K km s−1)−1 and 0.0084 ± 0.0037, respectively. The value of αCO in the outer region is 2.3 to 5.3 times larger than that of the inner region. When separated into the inner and outer regions, we find that αCO and DGR correlate with the metallicity and the star formation rate surface density. The value of αCO derived in this study tends to be smaller than those obtained in previous studies for the Milky Way and nearby star-forming galaxies. This fact can be attributed to our measurements being biased toward the inner region;we measured αCO at 0.85 and 0.76 times smaller in radius than the previous works for nearby star-forming galaxies and the Milky Way, respectively. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dust

Search for the doubly charmed baryon Ω_(cc)^(+)

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第10期64卷 2-13页

作者： LHCb Collaboration Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for High Energy Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP) Beijing 100039 China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100091 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100086 China Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China CNRS IN2P3-LAPP Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc Annecy France CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand France CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Aix Marseille Univ Marseille France CNRS/IN2P3 IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay Orsay France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France LPNHE Sorbonne Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 Paris France I. Physikalisches Institut RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) Heidelberg Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany School of Physics University College Dublin Dublin Ireland INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Firenze Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati Italy INFN Sezione di Genova Genova Italy INFN Sezione di Milano Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Cagliari Monserrato Italy Universita degli Studi di Padova Universita e INFN Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa Italy INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Roma Italy Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics Amsterdam Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU Unive

A search for the doubly charmed baryon ?cc+ with the decay mode c Ω_(cc)^(+)→ Ξc+K-π+ is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1. No significant signal is observed within the invariant mass range of 3.6 to 4.0 GeV/c2. Upper limits are set on the ratio R of the production cross-section times the total branching fraction of the Ω_(cc)^(+)→ Ξc+K-π+ decay with respect to the Ξcc++→ Λc+K-π+π+ decay. Upper limits at 95% credibility level for R in the range 0.005 to 0.11 are obtained for diferent hypotheses on the ?cc+ mass and lifetime in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/c.

关键词： charmed baryons limits on production of particles charmed quarks experimental tests

Information, communication and music: Recognition of musical dissonance and consonance in a simple reservoir computing system

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Przyczyna, Dawid Szacilowska, Maria Przybylski, Marek Strzelecki, Marcin Szacilowski, Konrad AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland

Reservoir computing is an emerging, but very successful approach towards processing and classification of various signals. It can be described as a model of a transient computation, where influence of input changes internal dynamics of chosen computational reservoir. Trajectory of these changes represents computation performed by the system. The selection of a suitable computational substrate capable of non-linear response and rich internal dynamics ensures the implementation of simple readout protocols. Signal evolution based on the rich dynamics of the reservoir layer helps to emphasize differences between given signals thus enabling their easier classification. Here we present a simple reservoir computing system (single node echo-state machine) implemented on Multisim platform as a tool for classification of musical intervals according to their consonant or dissonant character. The result of this classification closely resembled sensory dissonance curve, with some significant differences. A deeper analysis of the received signals indicates the geometric relationships between the consonant and dissonant intervals, enabling their classification. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Memristors

Hybrid no-signaling-quantum correlations

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Banacki, Micha Mironowicz, Piotr Ramanathan, Ravishankar Horodecki, Pawe International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies University of Gdánsk Wita Stwosza 63 Gdańsk80-308 Poland Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdánsk Wita Stwosza 57 Gdańsk80-308 Poland Department of Algorithms and System Modeling Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdánsk University of Technology Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland Department of Physics Stockholm University StockholmS-10691 Sweden Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics Gdánsk University of Technology Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland

Fundamental investigations in non-locality have shown that while the no-signaling principle alone is not sufficient to single out the set of quantum non-local correlations, local quantum mechanics and no-signaling together exactly reproduce the set of quantum correlations in the two-party Bell scenario. Here, we introduce and study an intermediate hybrid no-signaling quantum set of non-local correlations that we term HNSQ in the multi-party Bell scenario where some subsystems are locally quantum while the remaining subsystems are only constrained by the no-signaling principle. Specifically, the set HNSQ is a super-quantum set of correlations derived from no-signaling assemblages by performing quantum measurements on the trusted subsystems. As a tool for optimization over the set HNSQ, we introduce an outer hierarchy of semi-definite programming approximations to the set following an approach put forward by Doherty-Parillo-Spedalieri. We then show that in contrast to the set NS of no-signaling correlations, there exist extreme points of HNSQ in the tripartite Bell scenario that admit quantum realization. We perform an extensive numerical analysis of the maximal violation of the facet Bell inequalities in the three-party binary input-output scenario and study the corresponding self-testing properties. In contrast to the usual no-signaling correlations, the new set allows for simple security proofs of (one-sided)-device-independent applications against super-quantum adversaries. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signaling

Correlation coefficient between harmonic and transverse flow in heavy-ion collisions

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bozek, Piotr Mehrabpour, Hadi AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Cracow30-059 Poland P.O. Box 19395-5531 Tehran Iran Department of Physics Sharif University of Technology P.O. Box 11155-9161 Tehran Iran

The correlation between the harmonic flow and the transverse flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions is calculated in the hydrodynamic model. The partial correlation coefficient, corrected for fluctuations of multiplicity, is compared to experimental data. Estimators of the final transverse and harmonic flow are used to predict the value of the correlation coefficient from the moments of the initial distribution. A good description of the hydrodynamic simulation results is obtained if the estimator for the final transverse flow, besides the most important transverse size and entropy, includes also the eccentricities. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

Hybrid In-Vivo Treatment Verification for Particle Therapy: Multivariate Modelling of Fast Neutron and Prompt Gamma-Ray Detection

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Hybrid In-Vivo Treatment Verification for Particle Therapy: ...

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Helge E. S. Pettersen Sonja M. Schellhammer Steffen Löck Toni Kögler Ilker Meric Department of Oncology and Medical Physics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf Dresden Germany National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway

Given its sensitivity to anatomical variations, particle therapy is expected to benefit strongly from reliable on-line treatment verification. Making use of a large fraction of the secondary particles available, hybrid prompt gamma-ray and fast neutron imaging is a promising approach for this purpose. We present a simulation study introducing a novel method for range reconstruction by means of these particles. To this end, the passage of a proton beam through a patient and the detection of secondary particles in a dedicated detector array were simulated by Monte Carlo particle transport calculations. Anatomical variations were mimicked by adding or removing tissue to the patient. The secondary particle production vertices were reconstructed from the events registered by the detector based on scatter kinematics and maximum likelihood expectation maximisation. The vertices were projected onto the beam axis and the most predictive features of the resulting distributions were identified from a standardised feature set by forward feature selection and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). A range-shift sensitivity of 1 mm or less was reached at intensities of 1.2×10 7 protons per spot with fast neutrons, and at 2.6×10 7 protons per spot with prompt gamma-rays. These results demonstrate the potential of particle treatment verification by fast neutrons and prompt gamma-rays and strengthen the potential of this hybrid system for clinical application.

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SQUID pattern disruption in transition metal dichalcogenide Josephson junctions due to nonparabolic dispersion of the edge states

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Physical Review B 2020年第16期102卷 165407-165407页

作者： D. Sticlet P. Wójcik M. P. Nowak National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies 67-103 Donat 400293 Cluj-Napoca Romania AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Krakow Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology al. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Krakow Poland

We theoretically study Josephson junctions with a transition metal dichalcogenide zigzag ribbon as a weak link. We demonstrate that the spatial profile of the supercurrent carried by the edge modes determines the critical current dependence on the perpendicular magnetic field. We explore this finding and analyze the impact of Zeeman interaction and the orbital effects of the magnetic field on the Andreev bound states energies. We show that the unequal Fermi velocities of the spin-opposite edge modes lead to an anomalous shift of the Andreev bound states in the presence of the magnetic field. This is manifested in a pronounced modification of the SQUID critical current oscillations when two opposite edges of the ribbon are conducting and can be exploited in order to reveal the anomalous phase shift of the Andreev bound states in a single Josephson junction device.

关键词： Josephson junctions Nanoribbon SQUID Transition metal dichalcogenides

Unravelling the non-classicality role in Gaussian heat engines

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arXiv 2020年

作者： de Oliveira, Alexssandre de Oliveira, Marcos César Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków30-348 Poland Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas SP Campinas13083-859 Brazil

At the heart of quantum thermodynamics lies a fundamental question about what is genuine "quantum" in quantum heat engines and how to seek this quantumness, so that thermodynamical tasks could be performed more efficiently compared with classical protocols. Here, using the concept of P-representability, we define a function called classicality, which quantifies the degree of non-classicality of bosonic modes. This function allows us to explore the role of non-classicality in quantum heat engines and design optimal protocols for work extraction. For two specific cycles, a quantum Otto and a generalised one, we show that non-classicality is a fundamental resource for performing thermodynamic tasks more efficiently. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Heat engines

Quantum Computing-Enhanced Algorithm Unveils Novel Inhibitors for KRAS

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vakili, Mohammad Ghazi Gorgulla, Christoph Nigam, AkshatKumar Bezrukov, Dmitry Varoli, Daniel Aliper, Alex Polykovsky, Daniil Padmanabha Das, Krishna M. Snider, Jamie Lyakisheva, Anna Mansob, Ardalan Hosseini Yao, Zhong Bitar, Lela Radchenko, Eugene Ding, Xiao Liu, Jinxin Meng, Fanye Ren, Feng Cao, Yudong Stagljar, Igor Aspuru-Guzik, Alán Zhavoronkov, Alex Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Canada Department of Structural Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital United States Department of Physics Harvard University United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University United States Insilico Medicine AI Limited Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Zapata AI 100 Federal St. BostonMA02110 United States Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Harvard University BostonMA United States Donnelly Centre Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto ON Canada Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto ON Canada Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb University of Zagreb Croatia Zapata AI 100 Federal St. BostonMA United States Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto ON Canada Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences Split Croatia Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto Canada TorontoON Canada

The discovery of small molecules with therapeutic potential is a long-standing challenge in chemistry and biology. Researchers have increasingly leveraged novel computational techniques to streamline the drug development process to increase hit rates and reduce the costs associated with bringing a drug to market. To this end, we introduce a quantum-classical generative model that seamlessly integrates the computational power of quantum algorithms trained on a 16-qubit IBM quantum computer with the established reliability of classical methods for designing small molecules. Our hybrid generative model was applied to designing new KRAS inhibitors, a crucial target in cancer therapy. We synthesized 15 promising molecules during our investigation and subjected them to experimental testing to assess their ability to engage with the target. Notably, among these candidates, two molecules, ISM061-018-2 and ISM061-22, each featuring unique scaffolds, stood out by demonstrating effective engagement with KRAS. ISM061-018-2 was identified as a broad-spectrum KRAS inhibitor, exhibiting a binding affinity to KRAS-G12D at 1.4µM. Concurrently, ISM061-22 exhibited specific mutant selectivity, displaying heightened activity against KRAS G12R and Q61H mutants. To our knowledge, this work shows for the first time the use of a quantum-generative model to yield experimentally confirmed biological hits, showcasing the practical potential of quantum-assisted drug discovery to produce viable therapeutics. Importantly, comparative analysis with existing classical generative models indicates that integrating quantum computing enhances distribution learning from established datasets, suggesting a potential advantage for quantum generative models over their classical counterparts. Moreover, our findings reveal that the efficacy of distribution learning correlates with the number of qubits utilized, underlining the scalability potential of quantum computing resources. Overall, we anticipate our r

关键词： Molecules