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arXiv 2025年

作者： Deptuch, Aleksandra Paliga, Anna Drzewicz, Anna Czerwiński, Michal Juszyńska-Galązka, Ewa Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 KrakówPL-31342 Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Kraków Reymonta 19 KrakówPL-30059 Poland Institute of Chemistry Military University of Technology Kaliskiego 2 WarsawPL-00908 Poland Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University Osaka560-0043 Japan

Three liquid crystalline equimolar mixtures are formulated, each containing the MHPOBC compound and the homolog from the 3FmHPhF6 series with m = 4, 5, and 6. The properties of the mixtures are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electro-optic measurements, and UV-Vis-NIR and dielectric spectroscopies. In all mixtures, the smectic A*, smectic C*, and smectic CA* phases are observed. Each mixture can be supercooled and forms the glass of smectic CA* at 225-238 K. The glass transition temperature decreases with the increasing CmH2m chain length in the 3FmHPhF6 molecule. The tilt angle in the smectic CA* phase reaches 36.5-37.5°. The selective reflection of light in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges is observed, with a strong dependence of the reflected light’s wavenumber on temperature. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Chain length

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Fluctuation-dissipation relations for thermodynamic distillation processes

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Physical Review E 2022年第5期105卷 054127-054127页

作者： Tanmoy Biswas A. de Oliveira Junior Michał Horodecki Kamil Korzekwa International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University 30-348 Kraków Poland

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium. Here we derive its version within a resource-theoretic framework, where one investigates optimal quantum state transitions under thermodynamic constraints. More precisely, we first characterize optimal thermodynamic distillation processes, and then we prove a relation between the amount of free energy dissipated in such processes and the free-energy fluctuations of the initial state of the system. Our results apply to initial states given by either asymptotically many identical pure systems or an arbitrary number of independent energy-incoherent systems, and they allow not only for a state transformation but also for the change of Hamiltonian. The fluctuation-dissipation relations we derive enable us to find the optimal performance of thermodynamic protocols such as work extraction, information erasure, and thermodynamically free communication, up to second-order asymptotics in the number N of processed systems. We thus provide a first rigorous analysis of these thermodynamic protocols for quantum states with coherence between different energy eigenstates in the intermediate regime of large but finite N.

关键词： Quantum thermodynamics Resource theories

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Radial kinks in a Schwarzschild-like geometry

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Physical Review D 2024年第12期110卷 125025-125025页

作者： Jean-Guy Caputo Tomasz Dobrowolski Jacek Gatlik Panayotis G. Kevrekidis Laboratoire de Mathématiques INSA de Rouen Avenue de l’Université 76801 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray France Department of Computer Physics and Quantum Computing University of the National Education Commission in Krakow Podchora¸żych 2 30-084 Cracow Poland AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science 30-059 Krakow Poland Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-4515 USA

We study the propagation of a domain wall (kink) of the ϕ4 model in a radially symmetric environment defined by a gravity source. This source introduces a Schwarzschild-like geometry. We introduce an effective model that accurately describes the dynamics of the kink center. This description works well even outside the perturbation region, i.e., even for large masses of the gravitating object. We observed that such a spherical domain wall surrounding a star-type object inevitably “collapses,” i.e., shrinks in radius toward the origin and offer an understanding of the latter phenomenology. The relevant analysis is presented for a circular domain wall and a spherical one.

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A Neuroimaging Yolov8-Based Cad Framework for Anosmia Grading in Covid-19

A Neuroimaging Yolov8-Based Cad Framework for Anosmia Gradin...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Hossam Magdy Balaha Mayada Elgendy Ahmed Alksas Mohamed Shehata Norah Saleh Alghamdi Fatma Taher Mohammed Ghazal Mahitab Ghoneim Eslam Hamed Fatma Sherif Ahmed Elgarayhi Mohammed Sallah Mohamed Abdelbadie Salem Elsharawy Kamal Harpal Sandhu Ayman El-Baz Department of Bioengineering J.B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville Louisville USA Physics Department Applied Theoretical Physics Research Group Faculty of Science Mansoura University Egypt Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Saudi Arabia The College of Technological Innovation Zayed University Dubai UAE Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Depatrment Abu Dhabi University UAE Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Egypt Otolaryngology Department Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Egypt Department of Physics College of Sciences University of Bisha Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798350349399

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349405

COVID-19, a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, has brought attention to a common symptom: loss of smell and taste. Anosmia, a prevalent symptom of COVID-19, varies in severity from mild to severe, necessitating accurate diagnostic tools. The study proposes a novel framework for predicting COVID-19 anosmia severity utilizing YOLOv8 for classification and EigenCAM for interpretability. YOLOv8, optimized for object detection, is adapted for classification tasks using advanced architectural enhancements and mosaic augmentation. EigenCAM provides interpretability by highlighting image regions crucial for predictions, aiding clinical decision-making. Evaluation across multiple YOLOv8 model sizes using DTI and FLAIR modalities reveals robust performance, with the Large model excelling in DTI and the Nano model in FLAIR. Compared to our previous work, the framework significantly enhances accuracy and interpretability in predicting anosmia severity, marking a substantial advancement in medical image analysis. This study underscores the potential of deep learning for precise and interpretable medical diagnostics, offering insights into anosmia severity prediction.

关键词： COVID-19 Deep learning Solid modeling Adaptation models Accuracy Robustness Medical diagnosis

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Infrared Spectrometry Enables Detection of Changes Induced by Altered N-Glycosylation in Overall Molecular Composition, Lipid Saturation, Protein Structure and Other Protein-Related Parameters in Melanoma Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Wilczak, Magdalena Wróbel, Andrzej Surman, Magdalena Durak-Kozica, Martyna Stępień, Ewa L. Przybylo, Malgorzata Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 9 Street Kraków30-387 Poland Department of Medical Physics Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Lojasiewicza 11 Street Kraków30-348 Poland Centre for Theranostics Jagiellonian University Kopernika 40 Street Kraków31-501 Poland

Our study examines how altering glycosylation in melanoma cells affects both their molecular composition and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they release. Metastatic WM266-4 melanoma cells were treated with two N-glycosylation inhibitors, namely 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and tunicamycin (TM), for 24, 48 or 72 hours. Next EVs were isolated and characterized. Flow cytometry revealed changes in glycosylation profiles, with TM treatment affecting EV glycoepitopes differently over time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant differences in protein and lipid content between EV populations treated with DMJ or TM, with greater changes in secondary protein structure in EVs compared to cells. Treatment with both DMJ and TM increased the presence of α-helix in EV proteins, while TM treatment induced greater fluctuations in the presence of side chains. This suggests that alteration in glycosylation significantly affects the folding and secondary structure of proteins in EVs after 72 hours of treatment. These findings highlight the complex relationship between glycosylation, the overall molecular composition and structural changes of proteins and lipids in melanoma cells and their EVs, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying tumor progression and offering insights into therapeutic interventions targeting EV-mediated intercellular communication in cancer. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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RALB-HC: A resource-aware load balancer for heterogeneous cluster

RALB-HC: A resource-aware load balancer for heterogeneous cl...

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作者： Ahmed, Usman Aleem, Muhammad Noman Khalid, Yasir Arshad Islam, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal, Muhammad Department of Computing Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Engineering and Science Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan SWJTU-Leeds Joint School Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China

In the heterogeneous computing environment, programmers map the applications either on CPUs or GPUs. However, this default mapping process does not produce improved results, particularly on the heterogeneous clusters. If one resource of the cluster is more compute capable, then most of the scheduling schemes favor that powerful device. In this scenario, the scheduling schemes overload the powerful resources while making all other compute resources remain under utilized. This load imbalance problem results in higher energy consumption and increased execution time. In this research, a novel Resource-Aware Load Balancer for the Heterogeneous Cluster (RALB-HC) is proposed that distributes workload based on resources computing capabilities and applications computing needs. The RALB-HC uses supervised machine learning approach to classify applications using the static code-features. The RALB-HC framework comprises of two phases: (1) job mapping based on the availability of the resources and (2) the resource-aware load balancing to achieve the higher resource utilization ratio. The experimental results on a large set of real-world and synthetic workloads show that the RALB-HC reduces execution time by 31.61%, increased resource utilization ratio by 67.8% and improved throughout 147.35% as compared to baseline scheduling schemes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Scheduling

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Deep neural networks for smooth approximation of physics with higher order and continuity B-spline base functions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Doleglo, Kamil Paszyńska, Anna Paszyński, Maciej Demkowicz, Leszek Institute of Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Oden Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences The University of Texas at Austin United States

This paper deals with the following important research question. Traditionally, the neural network employs non-linear activation functions concatenated with linear operators to approximate a given physical phenomenon. They "fill the space" with the concatenations of the activation functions and linear operators and adjust their coefficients to approximate the physical phenomena. We claim that it is better to "fill the space" with linear combinations of smooth higher-order B-splines base functions as employed by isogeometric analysis and utilize the neural networks to adjust the coefficients of linear combinations. In other words, the possibilities of using neural networks for approximating the B-spline base functions' coefficients and by approximating the solution directly are evaluated. Solving differential equations with neural networks has been proposed by Maziar Raissi et al. in 2017 [16] by introducing physics-informed Neural Networks (PINN), which naturally encode underlying physical laws as prior information. Approximation of coefficients using a function as an input leverages the well-known capability of neural networks being universal function approximators [6]. In essence, in the PINN approach the network approximates the value of the given field at a given point. We present an alternative approach, where the physcial quantity is approximated as a linear combination of smooth B-spline basis functions, and the neural network approximates the coefficients of B-splines. This research compares results from the DNN approximating the coefficients of the linear combination of B-spline basis functions, with the DNN approximating the solution directly. We show that our approach is cheaper and more accurate when approximating smooth physical fields. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Findings of the Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Žabokrtský, Zdeněk Konopík, Miloslav Nedoluzhko, Anna Novák, Michal Ogrodniczuk, Maciej Popel, Martin Pražák, Ondřej Sido, Jakub Zeman, Daniel Zhu, Yilun Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Prague Czech Republic University of West Bohemia Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pilsen Czech Republic Institute of Computer Science Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland Georgetown University Department of Linguistics WashingtonDC United States

This paper presents an overview of the shared task on multilingual coreference resolution associated with the CRAC 2022 workshop. Shared task participants were supposed to develop trainable systems capable of identifying mentions and clustering them according to identity coreference. The public edition of CorefUD 1.0, which contains 13 datasets for 10 languages, was used as the source of training and evaluation data. The CoNLL score used in previous coreference-oriented shared tasks was used as the main evaluation metric. There were 8 coreference prediction systems submitted by 5 participating teams;in addition, there was a competitive Transformer-based baseline system provided by the organizers at the beginning of the shared task. The winner system outperformed the baseline by 12 percentage points (in terms of the CoNLL scores averaged across all datasets for individual languages). Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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DEVELOPING A PHANTOM FOR THE POSITRONIUM IMAGING EVALUATION

Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement

引用

Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement 2022年第4期15卷

作者： Lapkiewicz, G. Niedzwiecki, S. Moskal, P. Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland Center for Theranostics Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland

In this contribution, a concept for a new phantom for positronium imaging with PET scanners is described. The proposed phantom is based on the NEMA IEC phantom in which six high-activity spheres are filled with solutions characterized by a different mean ortho-positronium lifetime. A method for controlling ortho-positronium lifetime is discussed along with preliminary results. The XAD4 suspended in various fractions of water was tested as a potential model of a sample with a controlled mean lifetime of ortho-positronium. The mean lifetime of ortho-positronium for six samples was estimated by means of the Positronium Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). Obtained spectra were fitted with the PALS Avalanche analysis program and components corresponding to the ortho-positronium annihilation in the XAD4 pores were established. As a result, the correlations between the lifetime and production intensity of ortho-positronium and the concentration of XAD4 in water were determined. © 2022 Jagellonian University. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phantoms

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Modeling the performance and bandwidth of single-atom adiabatic quantum memories

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Nateeboon, Takla Cholsuk, Chanaprom Vogl, Tobias Suwanna, Sujin Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand Department of Computer Engineering TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena07745 Germany

Quantum memories are essential for quantum repeaters that will form the backbone of the future quantum internet. Such memory can capture a signal state for a controllable amount of time after which this state can be retrieved. In this work, we theoretically investigated how atomic material and engineering parameters affect the performance and bandwidth of a quantum memory. We have applied a theoretical model for quantum memory operation based on the Lindblad master equation and adiabatic quantum state manipulation. The materials’ properties and their uncertainty are evaluated to determine the performance of Raman-type quantum memories by showcasing two defects in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We have derived a scheme to calculate the signal bandwidth based on the material parameters as well as the maximum efficiency that can be realized. The bandwidth depends on four factors: the signal photon frequency, the dipole transition moments in the electronic structure, cavity volume, and the strength of the external control electric field. As our scheme is general and independent of materials, it can be applied to many other quantum materials with a suitable three-level structure. We therefore provided a promising route for designing and selecting materials for quantum memories. Our work is therefore an important step toward the realization of a large-scale quantum network. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

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