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TSProto: Fusing deep feature extraction with interpretable glass-box surrogate model for explainable time-series classification

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Information Fusion 2025年 124卷

作者： Szymon Bobek Grzegorz J. Nalepa Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Institute of Applied Computer Science Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence ul. prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11 Krakow 30-348 Poland

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly effective at extracting features from complex data types, such as images and text, but often function as black-box models, making interpretation difficult. We propose TSProto — a model-agnostic approach that goes beyond standard XAI methods focused on feature importance, clustering important segments into conceptual prototypes — high-level, human-interpretable units. This approach not only enhances transparency but also avoids issues seen with surrogate models, such as the Rashomon effect, enabling more direct insights into DNN behavior. Our method involves two phases: (1) using feature attribution tools (e.g., SHAP, LIME) to highlight regions of model importance, and (2) fusion of these regions into prototypes with contextual information to form meaningful concepts. These concepts then integrate into an interpretable decision tree, making DNNs more accessible for expert analysis. We benchmark our solution on 61 publicly available datasets, where it outperforms other state-of-the-art prototype-based methods and glassbox models by an average of 10% in the F1 metric. Additionally, we demonstrate its practical applicability in a real-life anomaly detection case. The results from the user evaluation, conducted with 17 experts recruited from leading European research teams and industrial partners, also indicate a positive reception among experts in XAI and the industry. Our implementation is available as an open-source Python package on GitHub and PyPi.

关键词： Explainable artificial intelligence Time-series Neurosymbolic Deep neural networks

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1-convex extensions of incomplete cooperative games and the average value

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Bok, Jan Černý, Martin Computer Science Institute Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic

The model of incomplete cooperative games incorporates uncertainty into the classical model of cooperative games by considering a partial characteristic function. Thus the values for some of the coalitions are not known. The main focus of this paper is the class of 1-convex cooperative games under this framework. We are interested in two heavily intertwined questions. First, given an incomplete game, in which ways can we fill in the missing values to obtain a classical 1-convex game? Such complete games are called 1-convex extensions. For the class of minimal incomplete games (in which precisely the values of singletons and grand coalitions are known), we provide an answer in terms of a description of the set of 1-convex extensions. The description employs extreme points and extreme rays of the set. We also provide bounds on sets of 1-convex extensions for such games. Second, how to determine in a rational, fair, and efficient way the payoffs of players based only on the known values of coalitions? Based on the description of the set of 1-convex extensions, we introduce generalisations of three solution concepts (values) for complete games, namely the τ-value, the Shapley value and the nucleolus. We consider two variants where we compute the centre of gravity of either extreme games or of a combination of extreme games and extreme rays. We show that all of the generalised values coincide for minimal incomplete games which allows to introduce the average value. For this value, we provide three different axiomatisations based on axiomatic characterisations of the τ-value and the Shapley value for classical cooperative games. Finally, we turn our attention to incomplete games with defined upper vector, asking the same questions and this time arriving to different conclusions. This provides a benchmark to test our tools and knowledge of the average value. This part highlights the importance and also the difficulty of considering more general classes of incomplete games.

关键词： Game theory

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Revisiting the antiferromagnetic structure of Tb14Ag51. The importance of distinguishing alternative symmetries for a multidimensional order parameter

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Pomjakushin, V. Perez-Mato, J.M. Fischer, P. Keller, L. Sikora, W. Paul Scherrer Institut PSI VilligenCH-5232 Switzerland Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Apartado 644 BilbaoE-48080 Spain Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology KrakowPL-30-059 Poland

We revisit the antiferromagnetic structure of Tb14Ag51 (Fischer et al., 2005) with the propagation vector [ 1313, 0] and parent space group P6/m using both magnetic symmetry and irreducible representation arguments. We have found a new magnetic structure under the hexagonal Shubnikov magnetic space group P6¯0, which fits much better the experimental data. This new solution was obtained by constraining the spin arrangement to one of the three possible magnetic space groups of maximal symmetry that can be realised by a magnetic ordering transforming according to the 4-dimensional physically irreducible representation that is known to be relevant in this magnetic phase. The refined model, parameterised under P6¯0, implicitly includes the presence of a third harmonic with the propagation vector at the gamma point [0, 0, 0], which has an important weight in the final result. The structure consists of 13 symmetry-independent Tb magnetic moments with the same size of 8.48(2)µB, propagating cycloidally in the ab-plane. The modulation has a substantial deviation from being purely sinusoidal due to the contribution of the mentioned third harmonic. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector spaces

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A New Approach Towards Identification of Individuals Belonging to Different Subpopulations Using Machine Learning Models and CLC Data

A New Approach Towards Identification of Individuals Belongi...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDM Workshops)

作者： Małgorzata Charytanowicz Kajetan Perzanowski Maciej Januszczak Aleksandra Wołoszyn-Gałęza Maria Sobczuk Piotr Kulczycki Department of Computer Science Lublin University of Technology Lublin Poland Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland Institute of Biological Sciences John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences Ustrzyki Dolne Poland Chair of Animal Genetics and Conservation Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland

ISBN: (数字)9798331530631

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530648

Spatial distributions of wisents (European bison) Bison bonasus (Linnaeus 1758), were studied in the Bieszczady Mountains (south-eastern Poland) on the basis of telemetric data obtained from two subpopulations: the western – inhabiting the forest districts of Baligród, Komańcza, Cisna and Lesko, and the eastern – dwelling within the districts of Lutowiska, Stuposiany, and in Bieszczadzki National park. Data was collected between 2002-2021. In our study, we propose a novel approach for classifying wisent subpopulations that utilizes machine learning methods and CLC data. For this purpose, the performances of eight algorithms: Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, k-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree were investigated. The algorithms were compared according to the following indicators: accuracy, Cohen’s-Kappa, precision, recall and F1 score. Their assessment was enhanced through the application of statistical inference (the Friedman test with post-hoc analysis) and SHAP values. The lowest results were achieved by Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression methods (accuracy of 73.69% and 74.43%, respectively), whilst significantly higher results were achieved by eXtreme Gradient Boosting, k-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree classifiers, with the classification accuracy exceeding 90% (91.81%, 92.8%, 93.47%, respectively). Based on the results, we conclude that CLC data represents a valuable source of information regarding the affinity of wisents towards different habitat conditions.

关键词： Logistic regression Accuracy Machine learning algorithms Nearest neighbor methods Boosting Inference algorithms Classification algorithms Bayes methods Telemetry Decision trees

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Percolation thresholds on triangular lattice for neighbourhoods containing sites up-to the fifth coordination zone

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Malarz, Krzysztof Agh University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland

We determine thresholds pc for random-site percolation on a triangular lattice for all available neighborhoods containing sites from the first to the fifth coordination zones, including their complex combinations. There are 31 distinct neighbourhoods. The dependence of the value of the percolation thresholds pc on the coordination number z are tested against various theoretical predictions. The newly proposed single scalar index ξ = Σizir2i=i (depending on the coordination zone number i, the neighbourhood coordination number z and the square-distance r2to sites in i-th coordination zone from the central site) allows to differentiate among various neighbourhoods and relate pcto ξ. The thresholds roughly follow a power law pc∝ ξ-γwith γ ≈ 0.710(19). © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Percolation (fluids)

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Thermal properties of structurally balanced systems on diluted and densified triangulations

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Woloszyn, Maciej Malarz, Krzysztof AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland

The dynamics of social relations and the possibility of reaching the state of structural balance (Heider balance) are discussed for various networks of interacting actors under the influence of the temperature modeling the social noise level. For that purpose, two main types of lattices are considered. The first is created by removing some links from a regular triangular lattice to produce a diluted triangular lattice, and the second by adding more links to create an enhanced triangular lattice. In both those cases, the full range of possible graph densities is discussed, limited by the extreme cases of networks which consist of a small number of separated triads and fully connected networks. It is shown that the existence of the balanced state is not possible if the average node degree is too close to the value characterizing the regular triangular lattice. Otherwise, both balanced (or partially balanced) and imbalanced states are possible, depending on the temperature. However, only for graphs which are dense enough a phase transition of the first kind is observed, while less enhanced networks (and all diluted) indicate a smooth cross-over between the two states. The crossover temperatures are size-independent only for the diluted triangular lattices and depend on the size of the system for the enhanced triangular lattices, as is the case also for the critical temperatures of the phase transition observed in denser enhanced lattices. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Hadrons

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Water-in-water PEG/DEX/protein microgel emulsions: effect of microgel particle size on the rate of emulsion phase separation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Balis, Andrzej Gochev, Georgi Truzzolillo, Domenico Lupa, Dawid Szyk-Warszynska, Liliana Zawala, Jan Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow30-239 Poland Institute of Physical Chemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia1113 Bulgaria Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier MontpellierF-34095 France Jagiellonian University Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Kraków30-348 Poland

Protein nanoparticles have been proven to be highly effective stabilizers of water-in-water emulsions obtained from a number of different types of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The emulsion stabilizing efficiency of such particles is attributed to their affinity to the water/water interface of relevant ATPS, and emulsion formulations with long-term stability were reported in the recent years. In this study we investigated the macroscopic dynamics of the early-stage time evolution of dextran-in-polyethylene glycol emulsions obtained from a single ATPS and containing β-lactoglobulin microgel particles of various diameters (ca. 40–190 nm). The results revealed the existence of a threshold in microgel size above which the water-in-water emulsion is stabilized, and that the process of segregative phase separation is determined by the interplay of droplets coalescence and sedimentation. Efficient droplet coalescence inhibition was found for microgel particles larger than 60 nm. Based on previous literature results, we discuss our coalescence-driven phase separation data in the context of the formation of durable particle layers on the emulsion droplets and the resulting droplet-droplet interactions. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Emulsification

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Wounded-quark emission function in asymmetric heavy-ion collisions

Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement

引用

Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement 2019年第2期12卷 269-274页

作者： Barej, Michal Bzdak, Adam Gutowski, Pawel AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Kraków30-059 Poland

The wounded-nucleon and -quark models are compared using d+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV. The shape of the wounded-quark emission function seems to be universal for different centralities, in contrast to the wounded-nucleon emission function. Predictions for dNch/dη distributions for various centrality classes in p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and 3He+Au collisions are presented and compared to recent PHENIX results. © 2019 Jagellonian University. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy ions

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Recent results on central exclusive production with the STAR detector

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Sikora, Rafal Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology 30 Mickiewicza Ave. Kraków30-059 Poland

We present results on the Central Exclusive Production of charged particle pairs h+h− (h = π, K, p), pp → p + h+h− + p, obtained with the STAR experiment at RHIC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of ps = 200 GeV. All final-state particles were reconstructed, including forward-scattered protons detected in the Roman Pot system. As a result, the Double Pomeron Exchange (DPE) events were selected and the non-exclusive backgrounds were efficiently rejected. Differential fiducial cross sections were measured as functions of observables related to the central hadronic final state and to the forward-scattered protons. The measured cross sections were compared to phenomenological model predictions based on the DPE. We also present preliminary results on the measurement of the same physics process at higher collision energy √s = 510 GeV. The data demonstrate features similar to those observed at √s = 200 GeV. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stars

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Towards the Heider balance - A cellular automaton with a global neighborhood

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Krawczyk, Malgorzata J. Kulakowski, Krzysztof Burda, Zdzislaw AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland

We study a simple deterministic map that leads a fully connected network to Heider balance. The map is realized by an algorithm that updates all links synchronously in a way depending on the state of the entire network. We observe that the probability of reaching a balanced state increases with the system size N. Jammed states become less frequent for larger N. The algorithm generates also limit cycles, mostly of length 2, but also of length 3, 4, 6, 12 or 14. We give a simple argument to estimate the mean size of basins of attraction of balanced states and discuss symmetries of the system including the automorphism group as well as gauge invariance of triad configurations. We argue that both the symmetries play an essential role in the occurrence of cycles observed in the synchronous dynamics realized by the algorithm. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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