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Novel Silicon and GaAs Sensors for Compact Sampling Calorimeters

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Abramowicz, H. Soto, M. Almanza Benhammou, Y. Daniluk, W. Elad, M. Firlej, M. Fiutowski, T. Ghenescu, V. Grzelak, G. Horn, D. Huang, S. Idzik, M. Irles, A. Kotula, J. Levy, A. Levy, I. Lohmann, W. Moron, J. Neagu, A.T. Pietruch, D. Potlog, P.M. Wientek, K. Zarnecki, A.F. Zembaczyński, K. School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo69978 Israel IFIC CSIC and Universitat de València C/ Catedràtic José Beltrán Martínez 2 Paterna46980 Spain Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Kraków30-059 Poland Institute of Space Science Bucharest077125 Romania Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 Warszawa02-093 Poland Platanenallee 6 Zeuthen15738 Germany Institute of Physics Brandenburg University of Technology Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1 Cottbus03046 Germany

Two samples of silicon pad sensors and two samples of GaAs sensors are studied in an electron beam with 5 GeV energy from the DESY-II test-beam facility. The sizes of the silicon and GaAs sensors are about 9×9 cm2 and 5×8 cm2, respectively. The thickness is 500 µm for both the silicon and GaAs sensors. The pad size is about 5×5 mm2. The sensors are foreseen to be used in a compact electromagnetic sampling calorimeter. The readout of the pads is done by metal traces connected to the pads and the front-end ASICs at the edges of the sensors. For the silicon sensors, copper traces on a Kapton foil are connected to the sensor pads with conducting glue. The pads of the GaAs sensors are connected to the bond-pads via aluminium traces on the sensor substrate. The readout is based on a dedicated front-end ASIC, called FLAME. Pre-processing of the raw data and deconvolution is performed with FPGAs. The whole system is orchestrated by a Trigger Logic Unit. Results are shown for the signal-to-noise ratio, the homogeneity of the response, edge effects on pads, and for signals due to the readout traces. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon sensors

A Comprehensive Study of Double pion Photoproduction: A Regge Approach 10

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A Comprehensive Study of Double pion Photoproduction: A Regg...

10th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear physics, QNP 2024

作者： Hammoud, Nadine Bibrzycki, Lukasz Mathieu, Vincent Perry, Robert J. Szczepaniak, Adam P. Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona BarcelonaE-08028 Spain AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 KrakówPL-30059 Poland Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Complutense de Madrid IPARCOS MadridE-28040 Spain Theory Center Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport NewsVA23606 United States Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University BloomingtonIN47403 United States Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States

Presented here is a theoretical model designed to investigate double pion photoproduction, within the photon energy range of 3.0 to 3.8 GeV and momentum transfer range of 0.4 2. This model integrates contributions from resonances such as the ρ(770), as well as the primary background from the Deck mechanism. Utilizing the Regge formalism and incorporating the established Deck mechanism, the model emphasizes the significance of the ρ(770) resonance, highlighting its role in representing P-wave contributions arising from pomeron alongside other exchanges. However, at high momentum transfers, indications of s-channel helicity non-conservation emerge, suggesting the involvement of additional partial waves, notably the S and D waves. The model is further extended to include scalar mesons such as f0(500), f0(980), and f0(1370), along with the tensor meson f2(1270), influencing S- and D-wave effects, respectively. Predictions of angular moments are compared with CLAS data, and the analysis further explores the t-dependence of the Regge amplitude residue function for subdominant exchanges. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Momentum transfer

Maximal Quantum Interaction between Free Electrons and Photons

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第4期134卷 043803-043803页

作者： Zetao Xie Zeling Chen Hao Li Qinghui Yan Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Ido Kaminer Owen D. Miller Yi Yang Department of Physics and HK Institute of Quantum Science and Technology The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China Z. X. and Z. C. contributed equally to this Letter. Department of Applied Physics and Energy Sciences Institute Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology 32000 Haifa Israel

The emerging field of free-electron quantum optics enables electron-photon entanglement and holds the potential for generating nontrivial photon states for quantum information processing. Although recent experimental studies have entered the quantum regime, rapid theoretical developments predict that qualitatively unique phenomena only emerge beyond a certain interaction strength. It is thus pertinent to identify the maximal electron-photon interaction strength and the materials, geometries, and particle energies that enable one to approach it. We derive an upper limit to the quantum vacuum interaction strength between free electrons and single-mode photons, which illuminates the conditions for the strongest interaction. Crucially, we obtain an explicit energy selection recipe for electrons and photons to achieve maximal interaction at arbitrary separations and identify two optimal regimes favoring either fast or slow electrons over those with intermediate velocities. We validate the limit by analytical and numerical calculations on canonical geometries and provide near-optimal designs indicating the feasibility of strong quantum interactions. Our findings offer fundamental intuition for maximizing the quantum interaction between free electrons and photons and provide practical design rules for future experiments on electron-photon and electron-mediated photon-photon entanglement. They should also enable the evaluation of key metrics for applications such as the maximum power of free-electron radiation sources and the maximum acceleration gradient of dielectric laser accelerators.

关键词： Quantum optics

KNOWM Memristors in a Bridge Synapse delay-based Reservoir Computing system for detection of epileptic seizures

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Przyczyna, Dawid Hess, Grzegorz Szacilowski, Konrad AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research ul. Gronostajowa 9 Kraków30-387 Poland

Nanodevices that show the potential for non-linear transformation of electrical signals and various forms of memory can be successfully used in new computational paradigms, such as neuromorphic or reservoir computing (RC). Dedicated hardware implementations based on functional neuromorphic structures significantly reduce energy consumption and/or increase computational capabilities of a given artificial neural network system. Concepts of RC, which as a flexible computational paradigm can be highly inclusive, are often used as a model to describe computations performed in materia. With mostly fixed internal structure, solid-state devices, especially memristors, are studied as computational substrates in various RC systems. In this work, we present single-node Echo State Machine (SNESM) RC system based on bridge synapse as a computational substrate (consisting of 4 memristors and a differential amplifier) used for epileptic seizure detection. KNOWM memristors were posed as ideal candidates because of their easy prototyping and reliability of operation. In this account, we present an application of commercially available KNOWM memristors in various neuromorphic applications, from simple analysis of switching and internal dynamics (elucidated form noise spectroscopy and total harmonic distortion analysis) to the classification and recognition of complex time series: epilepsy seizure recognition using a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer. The results show that the evolution of the signal in a feedback loop helps improve the classification accuracy of the system for that task. The transformation in SNESM changes the correlation and distribution of the complexity parameters of the input signal. In general, there are more differences in the correlation of complexity parameters between the transformed signal and the input signal, which may explain the improvement in the classification scores. SNESM could prove to be a useful time series signal processing system designed to im

关键词： Differential amplifiers

High-purity single-photon generation based on cavity QED

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013251-013251页

作者： Seigo Kikura Rui Asaoka Masato Koashi Yuuki Tokunaga Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8585 Japan Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Musashino 180-8585 Japan Photon Science Center Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

We propose a scheme for generating a high-purity single photon on the basis of cavity QED. This scheme employs an atom as a four-level system and the structure allows the suppression of the reexcitation process due to the atomic decay, which is known to significantly degrade the single-photon purity in state-of-the-art photon sources using a three-level system. Our analysis shows that the reexcitation probability arbitrarily approaches zero without sacrificing the photon generation probability when increasing the power of a driving laser between two excited states. This advantage is achievable by using current cavity-QED technologies. Our scheme can contribute to developing distributed quantum computation or quantum communication with high accuracy.

关键词： Quantum computers

Raman Signatures of Single Point Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Quantum Emitters

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cholsuk, Chanaprom Çakan, Aslı Deckert, Volker Suwanna, Sujin Vogl, Tobias Department of Computer Engineering TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Munich80799 Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich-Schiller University Jena07743 Germany Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena07745 Germany Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena07745 Germany Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand

Point defects in solid-state quantum systems are vital for enabling single-photon emission at specific wavelengths, making their precise identification essential for advancing applications in quantum technologies. However, pinpointing the microscopic origins of these defects remains a challenge. In this work, we propose Raman spectroscopy as a robust strategy for defect identification. Using density functional theory, we systematically characterize the Raman signatures of 100 defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) spanning periodic groups III to VI, encompassing around 30,000 phonon modes. Our findings reveal that the local atomic environment plays a pivotal role in shaping the Raman lineshape, enabling the narrowing of potential defect candidates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate defects based on their spin and charge states as well as strain-induced variations, implying the versatility of this approach. Therefore, this study not only provides a comprehensive theoretical database of Raman spectra for hBN defects but also establishes a novel experiment framework for using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to identify point defects. More broadly, our approach offers a universal method for defect identification in any quantum materials. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Point defects

Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Reflector with Doubly Interdigital Structure for 5G Use Cases

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Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Reflector with Doubly In...

International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tanee Somwong Pongsathorn Chomtong Jirayut Khamsuthat Nonchanutt Chudpooti Prayoot Akkaraekthalin Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Nonthaburi Thailand Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering Faculty of Technical Education King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

This paper presents the design of a miniaturized metamaterial reflector composing of an open-loop transmission line unit cell structure. The transmission line ends are connected by using a double interdigital technique, resulting in a large capacitive value compared to the conventional methods. When combined with the open-loop line employing the trisection step-impedance structure with adjusting of the capacitive value, its second and third resonant frequencies will be controllable. As a result, this approach can reduce the unit cell size from a typical value of λ/2 to an approximate value of λ/16, therefore overall size of the reflector is significantly decreased. The designed unit cell is measured to be 1.05 cm × 1.0 cm. We implemented the proposed reflector on an FR-4 PCB with a relative permittivity of about 4.4, a substrate height (h) of 1.6 mm, and a loss tangent of about 0.02. The operating frequency range targets of 5G use cases were set to be at 1.8 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. When used with a dipole antenna, the bandwidths of 390 MHz, 604 MHz, and 1.1 GHz and the antenna gains of about 8.23 dB, 8.14 dB, and 8.19 dB were obtained at the operating frequencies, respectively.

关键词： Wireless communication 5G mobile communication Dipole antennas Simulation Resonant frequency Reflector antennas Transmission line measurements Metamaterials Gain Substrates

Automated Ensemble Multimodal Machine Learning for Healthcare

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Imrie, Fergus Denner, Stefan Brunschwig, Lucas S. Maier-Hein, Klaus Van Der Schaar, Mihaela University of Oxford Department of Statistics Oxford United Kingdom Heidelberg University Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Germany École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg University Hospital Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Germany Heidelberg Germany University of Cambridge Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics United Kingdom

The application of machine learning in medicine and healthcare has led to the creation of numerous diagnostic and prognostic models. However, despite their success, current approaches generally issue predictions using data from a single modality. This stands in stark contrast with clinician decision-making which employs diverse information from multiple sources. While several multimodal machine learning approaches exist, significant challenges in developing multimodal systems remain that are hindering clinical adoption. In this paper, we introduce a multimodal framework, AutoPrognosis-M, that enables the integration of structured clinical (tabular) data and medical imaging using automated machine learning. AutoPrognosis-M incorporates 17 imaging models, including convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, and three distinct multimodal fusion strategies. In an illustrative application using a multimodal skin lesion dataset, we highlight the importance of multimodal machine learning and the power of combining multiple fusion strategies using ensemble learning. We have open-sourced our framework as a tool for the community and hope it will accelerate the uptake of multimodal machine learning in healthcare and spur further innovation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

Spring-mass behavior of solitons under the influence of an external force field within the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Flamarion, Marcelo V. Pelinovsky, Efim Melnikov, Ioann Departamento Ciencias—Sección Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Av. Universitaria 1801 San Miguel Lima15088 Peru Institute of Applied Physics 46 Uljanov Str. Nizhny Novgorod603155 Russia Faculty of Informatics Mathematics and Computer Science HSE University Nizhny Novgorod603155 Russia

We investigate the interaction of solitons with an external periodic field within the framework of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation. In the case of small perturbation a simple dynamical system is used to describe the soliton behaviour. Equilibrium points of this dynamical system are computed when the external force travels at a constant speed. Assuming that the external force moves with sinusoidal speed, we demonstrate that the soliton behavior is qualitatively similar to the constant-speed case. Besides, a resonant frequency is derived from the asymptotic theory without using the classical broad force approximation. The results obtained from the dynamical system are compared with fully direct numerical simulations, which reveal that the soliton solution exhibits spiral-like behavior in the soliton amplitude versus soliton phase space. Moreover, when the external force oscillates at the resonant frequency, the trajectories in the soliton phase versus soliton amplitude exhibit chaotic behavior. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solitons