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Impedance-Matched Differential Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

Physical Review applied 2023年第4期19卷 044093-044093页

作者： Marco Colangelo Boris Korzh Jason P. Allmaras Andrew D. Beyer Andrew S. Mueller Ryan M. Briggs Bruce Bumble Marcus Runyan Martin J. Stevens Adam N. McCaughan Di Zhu Stephen Smith Wolfgang Becker Lautaro Narváez Joshua C. Bienfang Simone Frasca Angel E. Velasco Edward E. Ramirez Alexander B. Walter Ekkehart Schmidt Emma E. Wollman Maria Spiropulu Richard Mirin Sae Woo Nam Karl K. Berggren Matthew D. Shaw Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dive Pasadena California USA Applied Physics California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena California USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder Colorado USA Cosmic Microwave Technology 15703 Condon Avenue Lawndale California USA Becker & Hickl GmbH Nahmitzer Damm 30 Berlin Germany Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA California State University Los Angeles California USA

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the highest-performing photon-counting technology in the near-infrared region. Because of delay-line effects, large-area SNSPDs typically trade off timing resolution and detection efficiency. This unavoidable fundamental constraint might limit their future deployment in demanding scientific applications. Here we introduce a detector design based on transmission-line engineering and differential readout for device-level signal conditioning, enabling a high system detection efficiency and a low detector jitter simultaneously. To make our differential detectors compatible with single-ended time taggers, we also engineer analog differential-to-single-ended readout electronics, with minimal impact on the system timing resolution. Our best niobium nitride differential SNSPD achieves a system detection efficiency of (83.3±4.3)% at 1550nm and (78±5)% at 775nm. The lowest system jitter is 13.0±0.4ps at 1550nm and 9.7±0.4ps at 775nm, limited by intrinsic contributions. These detectors also achieve sub-100-ps timing response at 1/100 of the maximum level, 30.7±0.4ps at 775 nm and 47.6±0.4ps at 1550nm, enabling time-correlated single-photon counting with high-dynamic-range response functions. Furthermore, because of the differential impedance-matched design, our detectors exhibit delay-line imaging capabilities and photon-number resolution. The properties and high-performance metrics achieved by our system make it a versatile photon-detection solution for quantum computing, quantum communication, and many other scientific applications.

关键词： Optoelectronics Low-temperature superconductors Nanowires Optical sources & detectors Superconducting devices Infrared techniques Photon counting Single-photon detectors

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Cosmic-ray ensembles resulting from synchrotron radiation: status and prospects of simulations 38

Cosmic-ray ensembles resulting from synchrotron radiation: s...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Sushchov, Oleksandr Sushchov, Oleksandra Homola, Piotr Kobzar, Oleh Pryga, Jerzy Piekarczyk, Marcin Hnatyk, Bohdan Alvarez-Castillo, David Ruimi, Ophir Smelcerz, Katarzyna Tursunov, Arman Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland AstroCeNT Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Polish Academy of Sciences Rektorska 4 Warsaw00-614 Poland Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 Kraków31-155 Poland Pedagogical University of Cracow Podchorążych 2 Kraków30-084 Poland AGH University of Krakow Mickiewicza Ave. 30 Kraków30-059 Poland Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Observatorna 3 Kyiv04053 Ukraine Racah Institute of Physics Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem9190401 Israel Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Bezručovo nám. 13 OpavaCZ-74601 Czech Republic

Cosmic rays should obviously generate cascades of product particles while propagating in space as a result of interactions with fields, radiation and matter. Such phenomena, referred to cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE), are expected to differ in shapes, sizes and constituents, and thus became a key point of the Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) Collaboration scientific program. The research dedicated to comprehensive studies of CRE requires an alternative approach to the detection of cosmic rays, taking into account their spatial and/or temporal correlations on the global scale. However, a potential observation of at least parts of CRE at Earth could make a valuable contribution to the up-to-date cosmic ray astrophysics, even though it poses a technical challenge. One of the most common scenarios of CRE formation is the synchrotron radiation of charged particles propagating in omnipresent magnetic fields. We present the updated results of CRE simulations for this case, discussing the physics conditions favourable for the observation of such particle cascades, as well as practical perspectives of this research direction. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Application of Modified MPPT Algorithms: A Comparative Study between Different Types of Solar Cells

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applied Solar Energy (English translation of Geliotekhnika) 2020年第5期56卷 309-323页

作者： Khodair, D. Salem, M.S. Shaker, A. El Munim, H. E. Abd Abouelatta, M. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo11517 Egypt Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering and Technology Future University Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Engineering Computer Science and Engineering College University of Ha’il Ha’il Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Communication and Electronics Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Modern Science and Arts University Cairo Egypt Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo11517 Egypt Department of Computer and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo11517 Egypt

Abstract: Due to the broad needs for energy as market demands, searching on how to improve the efficiency of the PV systems is an essential concern for researchers to worry about. So, it is crucial to force the PV system to work at its peak power point in order to get the maximum available power from the photovoltaic panel. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between four Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithms;Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Modified Variable Step Size Perturb and Observe (M-VSS-P&O) and Modified Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance (M-VSS-INC) by using of the DC-DC boost converter for three different kinds of solar cells. These cells are polycrystalline KC200GT cell, monocrystalline shell SQ85 cell and thin film shell ST40 cell. Simulations have been performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK for the three types of solar cells to investigate their performance under both standard test conditions (STC) and slowly varying and sudden changes in solar irradiance. The study has considered the response time, output power efficiency and steady-state-oscillations. The simulation results of the modified algorithms show an improvement in the cell performance in steady state conditions, tracking time and boost converter efficiency as well as an enhancement in the dynamic response in tracking the maximum power point (MPP) in varying climatic conditions over conventional algorithms. © 2020, Allerton Press, Inc.

关键词： Thin films

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Astronomy in The Malaysian National School Syllabus

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Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2021年第S367期15卷 353-354页

作者： Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd Kamil Dept. of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia email: aimran@ukm.edu.my

This is a preliminary survey of astronomy topics incorporated into the Malaysian national school syllabus. Topics directly relevant to astronomy are situated within the general science subject from Year 4 (age 10 years old) until Year 9 (age 15 years old) and are grouped under four main themes: Earth-Sun-Moon system, the Solar System, Stars, and Exploration of Outer Space. Contemporary topics such as exoplanets and astrobiology are not explicitly mentioned, but students are required to engage in hypothetical thinking by speculating on planetary diversity and its implications for life in the Universe. We characterize the astronomy content in the Malaysian national school syllabus to be life-centric and relatively open-ended.

关键词： Astronomy curricula astronomy education Malaysia

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Grid resilience enhancement by reference shaping based on gray-box model

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2021年第5期141卷 694-703页

作者： Sadamoto, Tomonori Inoue, Masaki Kaneko, Osamu Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications East3-701A/618 1-5-1 Chofugaoka Chofu Tokyo182-8585 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa223-0061 Japan

We propose a new method for enhancing resiliency of power systems integrated with renewable power resources. In the proposed method, we design a resilience enhancer that shapes reference values, generated by existing any power flow computation scheme such as EDC, so that the influence of faults on power system dynamics can be appropriately mitigated. The design of the resilience enhancer is based on so-called gray-box modeling, which is a fusion of a few prior knowledge on the grid and data acquired in its healthy operation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated through a three-machine system integrated with three solar farms. © 2021 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Electric load flow

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Improved Attentive Pairwise Interaction (API-Net) for Fine-Grained Image Classification

Improved Attentive Pairwise Interaction (API-Net) for Fine-G...

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2021 Emerging technology in Computing, Communication and Electronics, ETCCE 2021

作者： Yet, Ong Zu Rassem, Taha H. Rahman, Md Arafatur Rahman, M.M. Universiti Malaysia Pahang College of Computing and Applied Sciences Faculty of Computing Pekan Malaysia Bournemouth University Faculty of Science and Technology PooleBH12 5BB United Kingdom University of Wolverhampton School of Mathematics and Computer Science WolverhamptonWV1 1LY United Kingdom Universiti Malaysia Pahang College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kuantan26300 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483643

Fine-grained classification is a challenging problem as one has to deal with a similar class of objects but with various types of variations. For more elaboration, they are almost similar and have subtle differences, and are confusing. In this study, aircraft will be the fine-grained object to be focused on. Aircraft which has almost similar shapes and patterns can be hardly recognized even for humans, especially those who haven not gone through any training. In recent years, a lot of proposed methods addressed to solve the difficulties in fine-grained problems by learning contrastive clues from an image. This study aims to increase the accuracy of the Attentive Pairwise Interaction Network (API-Net) by introducing data augmentation into the network structure. Some of the previous studies proved that data augmentation does help improve a network. So, this study is going to modify the API-Net with different data augmentation settings. In this study, various settings have been introduced to the API-Net. Several experiments had been done with a simple modification where a portion of the train dataset's images will randomly convert into greyscale images. These settings are, only brightness & contrast 0.2, only grayscale 0.3, only grayscale 0.5, brightness & contrast 0.2 with grayscale 0.3, and brightness & contrast 0.2 with grayscale 0.5. As a result, the proposed modification achieved with 92.74% with brightness & contrast 0.2, 92.80% on brightness & contrast 0.2 with grayscale 0.5, and 92.86% on brightness & contrast 0.2 with grayscale 0.3. While grayscale 0.3 alone achieve 93.25% and grayscale 0.5 alone achieve 93.46% compared with the original results which reached 92.77%. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Luminance

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A Comparative Study of Impact Fracture Toughness of Epoxidized Poly(1, 4 Cis-Isoprene) Compatibilized PLA Binary and Ternary Blends

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Chemical Engineering and technology 2025年第2期48卷

作者： Bijarimi, Mohd Ahmad, Sahrim Ode, La Mustaqeem, Mujahid Norazmi, M. Normaya, Erna Jaafar, Jamiluddin Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob Pahang Kuantan26300 Malaysia School of Applied Physics Faculty of Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry Kulliyyah of Science International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Bandar Indera Mahkota Pahang Kuantan25200 Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Johor Batu Pahat86400 Malaysia

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with limited application because of its intrinsic brittleness, low toughness, and low elongation at break. Melt blends were prepared by mixing a natural rubber (NR, poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) in the form of liquid NR (LNR), liquid-epoxidized NR (LENR), and polypropylene (PP) in the PLA matrix. Four blend systems were designed and prepared, i.e., PLA–PP, PLA–PP–LNR, and PLA–LNR or PLA–LENR. The composition of PP in the blend was fixed at 10 % PLAPP (90/10). Results showed that PLA–PP mixed with LNR improved impact and elongation at break. The binary blend of PLA–LNR (90/10) significantly enhanced impact strength and elongation at break properties. In contrast, the binary blends of PLA–LENR (90/10) showed a lower value of elongation at break (9.5 % vs. 37.3%) and impact strength (4.56 kJ m−2 vs. 6.44 kJ m−2). The melting temperature (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, which recorded slight changes in the glass temperatures and melting temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile fracture of the PLA–LNR (90/10) blend showed the presence of large fibrils associated with the ductile failure related to neat PLA. Finally, the fracture toughness (KIC) of PLA–LNR (90/10) showed an increase of 39 % over neat PLA (2.94 MPa.m1/2 vs. 4.08 MPa.m1/2). © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Fracture toughness

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Investigation of the Physical Properties of Doped ZnS Thin Films Manufactured by PVD.

Investigation of the Physical Properties of Doped ZnS Thin F...

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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

作者： Amina Laouid Amine Alaoui Belghitit Krzysztof Wisniewski Przemyslaw Plociennik Abdelowahed Hajjaji Anna Zawadzka Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Grudziadzka 5 PL 87-100 Torun Poland Engineering Science for Energy Lab National School of Applied Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida El Jadida Morocco Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Wilenska 4 PL 87-100 Torun Poland Institute of Engineering and Technology Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5 PL 87-100 Torun Poland

ISBN: (数字)9798350377323

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377330

Through physical vapor deposition (PVD) in high vacuum conditions, zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were produced, incorporating manganese ($\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}$) as a dopant. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that $\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}$ played a crucial role in forming a uniform and smooth film structure. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showcased high transparency across the visible spectrum, with the introduction of dopants leading to significant shifts in bandgap energy. Photoluminescence examination unveiled distinctive emission peaks at 385 nm, 448 nm, and 560 nm, characteristic of ZnS bandgap emissions, alongside an additional peak at 600 nm attributed to the novel dopant’s influence. The enhancements induced by doping were evident in both optical and luminescent properties, suggesting promising applications in optoelectronics, light-emitting diodes, and advanced technology.

关键词： Integrated optics Zinc compounds Spectroscopy II-VI semiconductor materials Stimulated emission Photonic band gap Optical device fabrication

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Ferroelectric transistors based on shear-transformation-mediated rhombohedral-stacked molybdenum disulfide

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Nature Electronics 2024年第1期7卷 29-38页

作者： Yang, Tilo H. Liang, Bor-Wei Hu, Hsiang-Chi Chen, Fu-Xiang Ho, Sheng-Zhu Chang, Wen-Hao Yang, Liu Lo, Han-Chieh Kuo, Tzu-Hao Chen, Jyun-Hong Lin, Po-Yen Simbulan, Kristan Bryan Luo, Zhao-Feng Chang, Alice Chinghsuan Kuo, Yi-Hao Ku, Yu-Seng Chen, Yi-Cheng Huang, You-Jia Chang, Yu-Chen Chiang, Yu-Fan Lu, Ting-Hua Lee, Min-Hung Li, Kai-Shin Wu, Menghao Chen, Yi-Chun Lin, Chun-Liang Lan, Yann-Wen Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Santo Tomas Manila Philippines Program for Semiconductor Devices Materials and Hetero-integration Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

To develop low-power, non-volatile computing-in-memory device using ferroelectric transistor technologies, ferroelectric channel materials with scaled thicknesses are required. Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), equipped with sliding ferroelectricity could provide an answer. However, achieving switchable electric polarization in epitaxial MoS2 remains challenging due to the absence of mobile domain boundaries. Here we show that polarity-switchable epitaxial rhombohedral-stacked (3R) MoS2 can be used as a ferroelectric channel in ferroelectric memory transistors. We show that a shear transformation can spontaneously occur in 3R MoS2 epilayers, producing heterostructures with stable ferroelectric domains embedded in a highly dislocated and unstable non-ferroelectric matrix. This diffusionless phase transformation process produces mobile screw dislocations that enable collective polarity control of 3R MoS2 via an electric field. Polarization–electric-field measurements reveal a switching field of 0.036 V nm−1 for shear-transformed 3R MoS2. Our sliding ferroelectric transistors are non-volatile memory units with thicknesses of only two atomic layers and exhibit an average memory window of 7 V with an applied voltage of 10 V, retention times greater than 104 seconds and endurance greater than 104 cycles. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide

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Abundant solitary and semi-analytical wave solutions of nonlinear shallow water wave regime model

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2022年

作者： Alotaibi, Maged Faihan Omri, Mohamed Khalil, E.M. Abdel-Khalek, S. Bouslimi, Jamel Khater, Mostafa M.A. Department Physics Faculty Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Taif University 888 Taif Saudi Arabia Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Azhar University Cairo Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Sohag University 82524 Sohag Egypt Department of Engineering Physics and Instrumentation National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Carthage University Tunisia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China Department of Basic Science Obour High Institute for Engineering and Technology Cairo 11828 Egypt

This article employs analytical and semi-analytical techniques for constructing accurate novel solitary wave solutions of the weakly nonlinear shallow-water wave regime (SWR) equation. The mathematical formula of the investigated model describes the dynamical behavior of the nonlinear shallow-water wave in a thin and dispersive medium. The extended tanh-expansion (ETE) method is applied for obtaining novel computational soliton wave solutions. Then, the Adomian decomposition (AD) scheme is used for checking the accuracy of the obtained computational solutions by comparing analytical and semi-analytical solutions. The obtained solutions are explained in some graphs in two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and contour plots. While, the matching between exact and approximate solutions is demonstrated through some various figures such as spline graphs in 2D, distribution graphs, scatter matrix graphs. All solutions are backed into the original model by Mathematica 12 for checking its validity. © 2022

关键词： Approximate solution Shallow water wave mathematical formula Soliton wave Wave regime model

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