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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mai, Cuc Thi Kim Halme, Janne Nurmi, Heikki A. da Silva, Aldeliane M. Lorite, Gabriela S. Martineau, David Narbey, Stéphanie Mozaffari, Naeimeh Ras, Robin H.A. Hashmi, Syed Ghufran Vuckovac, Maja Microelectronics Research Unit Faculty of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering University of Oulu P. O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Finland Department of Applied Physics Aalto University School of Science PO Box 11000 FI-00076 Finland Aalto University Espoo Finland Solaronix SA Rue de l' Ouriette 129 AubonneCH-1170 Switzerland Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia

Despite attractive cost-effectiveness, scalability, and superior stability, carbon-based printable perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) still face moisture-induced degradation that limits their lifespan and commercial potential. Here, we investigate the moisture-preventing mechanisms of thin nanostructured super-repellent coating (advancing contact angle > 167◦ and contact angle hysteresis 7◦) integrated into CPSCs for different moisture forms (falling water droplets vs water vapor vs condensed water droplets). We show that unencapsulated super-repellent CPSCs have superior performance under continuous droplet impact for 12h (rain simulation experiments) compared to unencapsulated pristine (uncoated) CPSCs that degrade within seconds. Contrary to falling water droplets, where super-repellent coating serves as a shield, we found water vapor to physisorb through porous super-repellent coating (room temperature and relative humidity, RH 65% and 85%) that increased the CPSCs performance for 21% during ~43 days similarly to pristine CPSCs. We further showed that, water condensation forms within or below the super-repellent coating (40◦C and RH 85%), followed by chemisorption and degradation of CPSCs. Because different forms of water have distinct effect on CPSC, we suggest that future standard tests for repellent CPSCs should include rain simulation and condensation tests. Our findings will thus inspire the development of super-repellent coatings for moisture prevention. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Screen printing

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Existence of periodic and S-asymptotically periodic solutions to fractional diffusion equations with analytic semigroups

Existence of periodic and S-asymptotically periodic solution...

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作者： Mu, Jia Nan, Jiecuo Zhou, Yong Key Laboratory of China's Ethnic Languages and Information Technology of Ministry Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou730000 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou730000 China Key Laboratory of Streaming Data Computing Technologies and Application Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou730000 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Xiangtan University Hunan411105 China Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics Research Group Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we study periodic and S-asymptotically periodic solutions for fractional diffusion equations (FDE). As we all know, there is no exact periodic solution to differential equations with Caputo or Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives. Even so, in this paper, periodic (S-asymptotically periodic) mild or classical solutions for FDE with Weyl-Liouville fractional derivatives could be obtained in various fractional power spaces. In addition, a numerical simulation example and a specific example of fractional diffusion equation are given to verify the main theoretical results. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Diffusion

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Unveiling the Sampling Density in Non-Uniform Geometric Graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Paolino, Raffaele Bojchevski, Aleksandar Günnemann, Stephan Kutyniok, Gitta Levie, Ron Department of Mathematics Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Germany Germany CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security Germany Department of Computer Science Munich Data Science Institute Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Physics and Technology University of Tromsø Norway Faculty of Mathematics Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Israel

A powerful framework for studying graphs is to consider them as geometric graphs: nodes are randomly sampled from an underlying metric space, and any pair of nodes is connected if their distance is less than a specified neighborhood radius. Currently, the literature mostly focuses on uniform sampling and constant neighborhood radius. However, real-world graphs are likely to be better represented by a model in which the sampling density and the neighborhood radius can both vary over the latent space. For instance, in a social network communities can be modeled as densely sampled areas, and hubs as nodes with larger neighborhood radius. In this work, we first perform a rigorous mathematical analysis of this (more general) class of models, including derivations of the resulting graph shift operators. The key insight is that graph shift operators should be corrected in order to avoid potential distortions introduced by the non-uniform sampling. Then, we develop methods to estimate the unknown sampling density in a self-supervised fashion. Finally, we present exemplary applications in which the learnt density is used to 1) correct the graph shift operator and improve performance on a variety of tasks, 2) improve pooling, and 3) extract knowledge from networks. Our experimental findings support our theory and provide strong evidence for our model. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Digital Twins for Energy-Efficient Manufacturing

Digital Twins for Energy-Efficient Manufacturing

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Annual IEEE Systems Conference

作者： Nader Mohamed Sanja Lazarova-Molnar Jameela Al-Jaroodi Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Pennsylvania Western University California PA USA Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Faculty of Engineering University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Department of Engineering Robert Morris University Pittsburgh PA USA

Some manufacturing industries consume massive energy for their manufacturing and logistics processes. The costs of manufacturing can increase significantly as the energy cost increases. Such increase amplifies the final cost of the created products on the consumers. This makes finding different approaches that utilize innovative technologies to improve energy efficiency in manufacturing extremely important. This paper investigates how digital twins can be utilized to enable improved energy efficiency in manufacturing. Different applications of digital twins for energy-efficient manufacturing are investigated. In addition, the paper discusses some challenges of utilizing digital twins for this purpose. A framework for utilizing digital twins for energy-efficient manufacturing is also discussed.

关键词： Manufacturing industries Costs Manufacturing processes Buildings Energy efficiency Raw materials Manufacturing

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Transportable optical lattice clocks and general relativity

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shinkai, Hisaaki Takamoto, Masao Katori, Hidetoshi Faculty of Information Science and Technology Osaka Institute of Technology Kitayama 1-79-1 Osaka Pref. Hirakata City573-0196 Japan Quantum Metrology Laboratory RIKEN Hirosawa 2-1 Wako-shi Saitama Pref. 351-0198 Japan Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Yayoi 2-11-16 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan

Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) enable us to measure time and frequency with a fractional uncertainty at 10−18 level, which is 2 orders of magnitude better than Cs clocks. In this article, after briefly reviewing OLCs and the history of testing the fundamental principles of general relativity, we report our experiments of measuring the gravitational redshift between RIKEN and The University of Tokyo, and at Tokyo Skytree using transportable OLCs. We also discuss a couple of future applications of OLCs, such as detecting gravitational waves in space and relativistic geodesy. The possibility of testing second-order parametrized post-Newtonian potential around the Earth is also mentioned. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Relativity

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Directional Electron Transfer in Single-Atom Cobalt Nanozyme for Enhanced Photo-Fenton-Like Reaction

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Shiang Hu, Yuwen Xu, Haojie Lou, Zhangrong Chen, Jianrong Yuan, Cheng-Zong Lv, Xingshuai Duan, Xiaoguang Wang, Shaobin Wu, Xi-Lin College of Geography and Environmental Science Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua321004 China Faculty of Medicine Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau China School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide AdelaideSA5005 Australia

In this study, enzyme-mimicking single-atom (EMSA) catalyst was fabricated by implanting cobalamin cofactor-resembling Co-N4 sites into graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The EMSA-Co sites inherit the high catalytic activity and selectivity from natural enzymes and demonstrate outstanding performance for persulfate (PS) activation under visible light (Vis). Degradation of bisphenol A was boosted in the EMSA-Co-g-C3N4+PS+Vis system with the kinetic rate was ~33 times faster than in the g-C3N4+PS+Vis system. The benefits of high reactivity and selectivity of the EMSA-Co sites led to efficient generation of the radical species (SO4•−, •OH and O2•–), resulting in the fast elimination of various organic pollutants. Mechanisms studies reveal that the directional ultrafast electron transfer in the EMSA-Co nanozyme leads to an accelerated redox circulation of the Co single sites, thereby boosting their performance for photo-Fenton-like reaction. This study opens up the avenue of robust and efficient enzyme-like SACs for applications in environmental remediation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Enzymes

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Magnetospheric control of ionospheric TEC perturbations via whistler-mode and ULF waves

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shen, Yangyang Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. Artemyev, Anton Hartinger, Michael D. Angelopoulos, Vassilis Shi, Xueling Zou, Ying Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences University of California Los AngelesCA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Space Science Institute Center for Space Plasma Physics BoulderCO United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States

The weakly ionized plasma in the Earth's ionosphere is controlled by a complex interplay between solar and magnetospheric inputs from above, atmospheric processes from below, and plasma electrodynamics from within. This interaction results in ionosphere structuring and variability that pose major challenges for accurate ionosphere prediction for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) related applications and space weather research. The ionospheric structuring and variability are often probed using the total electron content (TEC) and its relative perturbations (dTEC). Among dTEC variations observed at high latitudes, a unique modulation pattern has been linked to magnetospheric ultra low frequency (ULF) waves, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here using magnetically-conjugate observations from the THEMIS spacecraft and a groundbased GPS receiver at Fairbanks, Alaska, we provide direct evidence that these dTEC modulations are driven by magnetospheric electron precipitation induced by ULF-modulated whistler-mode waves. We observed peak-to-peak dTEC amplitudes reaching ∼0.5 TECU (1 TECU is equal to 106electrons/m2) with modulations spanning scales of ∼5-100 km. The cross-correlation between our modeled and observed dTEC reached ∼0.8 during the conjugacy period but decreased outside of it. The spectra of whistler-mode waves and dTEC also matched closely at ULF frequencies during the conjugacy period but diverged outside of it. Our findings elucidate the high-latitude dTEC generation from magnetospheric wave-induced precipitation, addressing a significant gap in current physics-based dTEC modeling. Theses results thus improve ionospheric dTEC prediction and enhance our understanding of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling via ULF waves. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Ionosphere

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Influence of electrodeposition potential on the structural and optical properties of CuBi₂O₄ thin films for solar applications

引用

Ionics 2025年 1-10页

作者： Nejmi, Y. El Bouji, M. Oubakalla, M. Beraich, M. Boudene, I. El-Habib, A. Zarrouk, A. Fahoume, M. Laboratory of Materials Physics and Subatomic (LMPS) Faculty of Science Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco Materials Science Platform UATRS Division Centre National Pour La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique-Angle Allal Fassi/FAR Rabat Morocco Laboratory of Applied Sciences for Sustainable Development Higher School of Technology of El Kelaa Des Sraghna Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Laboratory of Materials Energy and Environment Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco Materials Systems and Energy Engineering Laboratory (MaSEEL) – UAE/U04FSTTg – Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier Abdelmalek Essaâdi University Tangier Morocco Laboratory of Materials Nanotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco

This paper investigates the effect of the deposit potential (Vdep) on some properties of electrodeposited CuBi2O₄ (CBO) thin films. This was demonstrated with three samples, noted CBO11, CBO12 and CBO13, deposited at V1 = − 1100 mV, V2 = − 1200 mV, and V3 = − 1300 mV/SCE, respectively. Analyses based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of the tetragonal spinel-structure of CuBi₂O₄ with some structural change occurring as the Vdep increases. Indeed, XRD peaks at 20.8°, 23°, and 33.3°, as well as the Raman vibration modes at 123 cm−1 and 257 cm−1, characteristics of the CuBi₂O₄ tetragonal phase, were clearly marked in the obtained spectra. This impact was also reflected at the morphological scale, since both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) combined with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed an increase in the compactness and surface density of the film as the negative potential increased, whereas the latter revealed spherical particles with an average size of around 123 nm. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the grains are organized in regularly spaced patterns with a spacing of approximately 3.19 Å, corresponding to the crystallographic plane (211), which is compatible with the crystalline form obtained by XRD. The optical behavior of the samples was assessed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, revealing a strong absorption of visible light, well justified by their black color. In addition, when the potential is varied from − 1.1 to − 1.3 V/SCE, the optical gap, associated with a direct transition, decreases from 1.33 eV to 1.28 eV, which justifies the morphological and structural changes observed.

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Polarization power spectra and dust cloud morphology

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Konstantinou, A. Pelgrims, V. Fuchs, F. Tassis, K. Department of Physics University of Crete Voutes Heraklion70013 Greece Institute of Astrophysics Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Voutes Heraklion70013 Greece Department of Computer Science University of Applied Sciences Trier Trier54208 Germany

Context. In the framework of cosmic microwave background polarization studies and the characterization of its Galactic foregrounds, the angular power spectrum analysis of the thermal dust polarization map has led to intriguing evidence of an E/B asymmetry and a positive TE correlation. The interpretation of these observations are the subject of theoretical and simulation-driven studies in which the correlation between the density structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) and the magnetic field appear to be a key aspect. In this context, and when the magnetized ISM structures are modeled in three dimensions, dust clouds are generally considered to be filamentary structures only, while both filamentary and sheet-like shapes are supported by observational and theoretical evidence. Aims. In this work, we aim to study the influence of cloud shape and its connection to the local magnetic field, as well as the influence from the viewing angle, on the angular power spectra measured on thermal dust polarization maps;we specifically focus on the dependence of the E/B power asymmetry and TE correlation. Methods. To that end, we simulate realistic interstellar clouds with both filament-like and sheet-like shapes using the software Asterion which also allows us to generate synthetic maps of thermal dust polarized emission with an area of 400 square degrees. Then, we compute their polarization power spectra in multipole range ∈ [100, 500] and focus on the E/B power asymmetry, quantified through the REB ratio, and the correlation coefficient rTE between T and E modes. We quantify the dependence of REB and rTE values on the offset angle (between the longest cloud axis and local magnetic field lines) and inclination angle (between the line of sight and the magnetic field) for both types of cloud shapes either embedded in a regular magnetic field or coupled to a non-regular field to mimic turbulence. Results. We find that both types of cloud shapes cover the same regions of the (REB

关键词： Magnetic fields

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Surface Thermal and Electric charge of PN Diode Expose by Soft Radiation Flash Exposure 4

Surface Thermal and Electric charge of PN Diode Expose by So...

引用

4th International Conference on applied physics and Materials Application 2019, ICAPMA 2019

作者： Sangwaranatee, N. Srithanachai, I. Niemcharoen, S. Chaiyasoonthorn, S. Applied Physics Research Group Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok10300 Thailand Department of Electronics Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Electronics Technology Faculty of Science Ramkhamhaeng University Huamark Bangkapi Bangkok10240 Thailand

In this study present the effect of soft radiation flash exposure (SRFE) to forward bias current-voltage (I-V) of PN diode by using COMSOL simulation program. The results show surface thermal and electric change while expose by radiation with flash exposure technique. Series resistance (Rs) increase around 2 times and close to idea case after expose by radiation, the radiation will impact to bulk defect and reduce surface recombination. SRFE induce temperature on surface and deep into silicon bulk. The value of Rs increase with increase expose time. The changing of Rs becomes independent from radiation dose at high forward bias voltage. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Electric resistance

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