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Fluorescence Microscopy: a statistics-optics perspective

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fazel, Mohamadreza Grussmayer, Kristin S. Ferdman, Boris Radenovic, Aleksandra Shechtman, Yoav Enderlein, Jörg Pressé, Steve Department of Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Center for Biological Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Bionanoscience Faculty of Applied Science Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Lausanne Switzerland III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics Georg August University Göttingen Germany

Fundamental properties of light unavoidably impose features on images collected using fluorescence microscopes. Modeling these features is ever more important in quantitatively interpreting microscopy images collected at scales on par or smaller than light’s wavelength. Here we review the optics responsible for generating fluorescent images, fluorophore properties, microscopy modalities leveraging properties of both light and fluorophores, in addition to the necessarily probabilistic modeling tools imposed by the stochastic nature of light and measurement. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Fluorophores

MambaMIR: An Arbitrary-Masked Mamba for Joint Medical Image Reconstruction and Uncertainty Estimation

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Jiahao Yang, Liutao Wang, Fanwen Nan, Yang Aviles-Rivero, Angelica I. Schönlieb, Carola-Bibiane Zhang, Daoqiang Yang, Guang Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X Imperial College London London United Kingdom National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton Hospital London United Kingdom College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge United Kingdom

The recent Mamba model has shown remarkable adaptability for visual representation learning, including in medical imaging tasks. This study introduces MambaMIR, a Mamba-based model for medical image reconstruction, as well as its Generative Adversarial Network-based variant, MambaMIR-GAN. Our proposed MambaMIR inherits several advantages, such as linear complexity, global receptive fields, and dynamic weights, from the original Mamba model. The innovated arbitrary-mask mechanism effectively adapt Mamba to our image reconstruction task, providing randomness for subsequent Monte Carlo-based uncertainty estimation. Experiments conducted on various medical image reconstruction tasks, including fast MRI and SVCT, which cover anatomical regions such as the knee, chest, and abdomen, have demonstrated that MambaMIR and MambaMIR-GAN achieve comparable or superior reconstruction results relative to state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, the estimated uncertainty maps offer further insights into the reliability of the reconstruction quality. The code is publicly available at https://***/ayanglab/MambaMIR. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

Quantum State Tomography using Quantum Machine Learning

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Innan, Nouhaila Siddiqui, Owais Ishtiaq Arora, Shivang Ghosh, Tamojit Koçak, Yasemin Poyraz Paragas, Dominic Galib, Abdullah Al Omar Khan, Muhammad Al-Zafar Bennai, Mohamed Quantum Physics and Magnetism Team LPMC Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sick Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco Quantum Formalism Fellow Zaiku Group Ltd Liverpool United Kingdom Department of Physics COMSATS University Islamabad45550 Pakistan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamil Nadu Chennai600036 India Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Computer Technology Department Istanbul Turkey University of California BerkeleyCA United States School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand 1 Jan Smuts Ave Braamfontein Johannesburg Gauteng2000 South Africa

Quantum State Tomography (QST) is a fundamental technique in Quantum Information Processing (QIP) for reconstructing unknown quantum states. However, the conventional QST methods are limited by the number of measurements required, which makes them impractical for large-scale quantum systems. To overcome this challenge, we propose the integration of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) techniques to enhance the efficiency of QST. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into various approaches for QST, encompassing both classical and quantum methodologies;We also implement different QML approaches for QST and demonstrate their effectiveness on various simulated and experimental quantum systems, including multi-qubit networks. Our results show that our QML-based QST approach can achieve high fidelity (98%) with significantly fewer measurements than conventional methods, making it a promising tool for practical QIP applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Machine learning

Improving Communication Systems Through Federated Learning: An Optimization of Decision-Making

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Improving Communication Systems Through Federated Learning: ...

IEEE World Symposium on Communication Engineering (WSCE)

作者： Konstantinos D. Stergiou Yutaka Ishibashi Sotirios K. Goudos Thomas Lagkas Panagiotis Sarigiannidis Konstantinos E. Psannis Department of Applied Informatics University of Macedonia Thessaloniki Greece Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Computer Science International Hellenic University Kavala Greece Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering University of Western Macedonia Kozani Greece

This paper discusses the use of federated learning as a method for optimizing decision-making in communication systems. Federated learning is a machine learning technique that enables the training of models on decentralized data, allowing for the collection and analysis of data from multiple sources while maintaining the privacy and security of the data. This approach is particularly useful in communication systems, as it allows for the optimization of decision-making across a wide range of devices and networks. The paper examines the advantages of federated learning, including the ability to collect a large amount of data from a diverse range of devices, the protection of sensitive data, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions in real-time. The paper also provides specific examples of how federated learning can be used in the optimization of mobile networks and content delivery. The conclusion highlights the growing importance of federated learning in improving communication systems.

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Hybrid Oscillator-Qubit Quantum Processors: Simulating Fermions, Bosons, and Gauge Fields

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Crane, Eleanor Smith, Kevin C. Tomesh, Teague Eickbusch, Alec Martyn, John M. Kühn, Stefan Funcke, Lena DeMarco, Michael Austin Chuang, Isaac L. Wiebe, Nathan Schuckert, Alexander Girvin, Steven M. Department of Physics Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Joint Quantum Institute Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland NIST College ParkMD20742 United States Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Yale Quantum Institute PO Box 208 334 17 Hillhouse Ave New HavenCT06520-8263 United States Departments of Applied Physics and Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Infleqtion ChicagoIL60604 United States Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions CQTA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Platanenallee 6 Zeuthen15738 Germany University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16 Bonn53115 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States Canadian Institute for Advanced Studies Toronto Canada

We develop a hybrid oscillator-qubit processor framework for quantum simulation of strongly correlated fermions and bosons that avoids the boson-to-qubit mapping overhead encountered in qubit hardware. This framework gives exact decompositions of particle interactions such as density-density terms and gauge-invariant hopping, as well as approximate methods based on the Baker-Campbell Hausdorff formulas including the magnetic field term for the U(1) quantum link model in (2 + 1)D. We use this framework to show how to simulate dynamics using Trotterisation, perform ancilla-free partial error detection using Gauss's law, measure non-local observables, estimate ground state energies using a oscillator-qubit variational quantum eigensolver as well as quantum signal processing, and we numerically study the influence of hardware errors in circuit QED experiments. To show the advantages over all-qubit hardware, we perform an end-to-end comparison of the gate complexity for the gauge-invariant hopping term and find an improvement of the asymptotic scaling with the boson number cutoff S from O(log(S)2) to O(1) in our framework as well as, for bosonic matter, a constant factor improvement of better than 104. We also find an improvement from O(log(S)) to O(1) for the U(1) magnetic field term. While our work focusses on an implementation in superconducting hardware, our framework can also be used in trapped ion, and neutral atom hardware. This work establishes digital quantum simulation with hybrid oscillator-qubit hardware as a viable and advantageous method for the study of qubit-boson models in materials science, chemistry, and high-energy physics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground state

Spectral Width of Maximum Deposition Eigenchannels in Diffusive Media

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arXiv 2024年

作者： McIntosh, Rohin E. Goetschy, Arthur Bender, Nicholas Yamilov, Alexey Hsu, Chia Wei Yilmaz, Hasan Cao, Hui Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Institut Langevin ESPCI Paris PSL University CNRS ParisF-75005 France School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Physics Department Missouri University of Science & Technology RollaMO United States Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Bilkent University Ankara06800 Turkey

The maximum deposition eigenchannel provides the largest possible power delivery to a target region inside a diffusive medium by optimizing the incident wavefront of a monochromatic beam. It originates from constructive interference of scattered waves, which is frequency sensitive. We investigate the spectral width of maximum deposition eigenchannels over a range of target depths using numerical simulations of a 2D diffusive system. Compared to tight focusing into the system, power deposition to an extended region is more sensitive to frequency detuning. The spectral width of enhanced delivery to a large target displays a rather weak, non-monotonic variation with target depth, in contrast to a sharp drop of focusing bandwidth with depth. While the maximum enhancement of power deposited within a diffusive system can exceed that of power transmitted through it, this comes at the cost of a narrower spectral width. We investigate the narrower deposition width in terms of the constructive interference of transmission eigenchannels within the target. We further observe that the spatial field distribution inside the target region decorrelates slower with spectral detuning than power decay of the maximum deposition eigenchannel. Additionally, absorption increases the spectral width of deposition eigenchannels, but the depth dependence remains qualitatively identical to that without absorption. These findings hold for any diffusive waves, including electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves, pressure waves, mesoscopic electrons, and cold atoms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Wavefronts

Electronic and UV light programmable doping in graphene for memory applications

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Electronic and UV light programmable doping in graphene for ...

CLEO: science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2020

作者： Frydendahl, Christian Chaitanya Indukuri, S.R.K. Grajower, Meir Mazurski, Noa Shappir, Joseph Levy, Uriel Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem91904 Israel Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States

We demonstrate the integration of graphene with conventional flash memory technology. The structure allows for programmable memory by electrostatic doping in graphene. The device could also find applications in tunabl... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781943580767

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580767

关键词： Graphene

CP-violating effects on gravitational waves in a complex singlet extension of the Standard Model with degenerate scalars

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Physical Review D 2022年第11期106卷 115012-115012页

作者： Gi-Chol Cho Chikako Idegawa Eibun Senaha Department of Physics Ochanomizu University Tokyo 112-8610 Japan Graduate school of Humanities and Sciences Ochanomizu University Tokyo 112-8610 Japan Subatomic Physics Research Group Science and Technology Advanced Institute Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Faculty of Applied Technology School of Engineering and Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

We examine CP-violating effects on electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the standard model with a complex singlet scalar focusing particularly on a scenario where additional scalars have masses close to 125 GeV. Such a high mass degeneracy makes collider signatures in the scenario standard model like, and current experimental data cannot distinguish them from the standard model predictions. We utilize a simplified scalar potential to understand impacts of CP violation on EWPT qualitatively. Then, one-loop effective potential with a thermal resummation is employed for full numerical evaluations. As a phenomenological consequence, gravitational waves from the first-order EWPT are also evaluated. We find that the strength of the first-order EWPT would get weaker as the CP-violating effect becomes larger. As a result, gravitational wave amplitudes are diminished by the size of the CP violation. Future gravitational wave experiments may shed light on CP violation in the singlet scalar sector as well as the experimental blind spot due to the high mass degeneracy.

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Development of Unmanned Cargo VTOL Aircraft 1

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59th Symposium on Engineering Modelling in Mechanics, 2020

作者： Czyba, Roman Gorol, Zbigniew Lemanowicz, Marcin Pawlak, Mariusz Sikora, Adam Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka Street 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka Street 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland Faculty of Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design Silesian University of Technology Akademicka Street 2A Gliwice44-100 Poland

ISBN: (数字)9783030684556

ISBN: (纸本)9783030684549

The aim of the paper is to present a design cycle regarding to the construction of an unmanned cargo aircraft with own weight up to 25 kg, operating range of up to 100 km and AGL operating ceiling of up to 1 km. The task of the project team was to plan the design cycle, perform analytical calculations and CFD simulations, and finally to build an unmanned aircraft capable of lifting cargo. At the same time, a number of assumptions and technical regulations regarding constructions had to be met, which are specified in legal regulations regarding the given class of unmanned aerial vehicles. In order to achieve optimal UAV aerodynamic properties, including maximization of the payload while minimizing the own weight, aerodynamic calculations and CFD simulations were performed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)