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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abolfath, Ramin Fardirad, Sedigheh Kacem, Houda Vozenin, Marie-Catherine Ghasemizad, Abbas Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States Department of Radiation Physics and Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTX75031 United States Physics Department Sharif University of Technology P.O.Box 11365-9161 Azadi Avenue Tehran Iran Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Guilan P.O. Box 41335-1914 Rasht Iran The sector of radiobiology applied to radiotherapy Radiation Oncology Department Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland LiRR- laboratory of innovation in radiobiology applied to radiotherapy Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Radiation Oncology Service Department of Oncology CHUV Lausanne University Hospital University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Background: Lower production of H2O2 in water is a hallmark of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) compared to the conventional dose rate (CDR). However, the current computational models based on the predicted yield of H2O2 are the opposite of the experimental data. Purpose: To present a multi-scale formalism to reconcile the theoretical modeling and the experimental observations of H2O2 production and provide a mechanism for the suppression of H2O2 at FLASH-UHDR. Methods: We construct an analytical model for the rate equation in the production of H2O2 from ·OH-radicals and use it as a guide to propose a hypothetical geometrical inhomogeneity in the configuration of particles in the UHDR beams. We perform a series of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the track structures for a system of charged particles impinging the medium in the form of clusters and/or bunches. Results: We demonstrate the interplay of diffusion, reaction rates, and overlaps in track-spacing attribute to a lower yield of H2O2 at UHDR vs. CDR. This trend is reversed if spacing among the tracks becomes larger than a critical value, with a length scale that is proportional to the diffusion length of ·OH-radicals modulated by a rate of decay due to recombination with other species, available within a track, and the space among the tracks. The latter is substantial on the suppressing of the H2O2 population at UHDR relative to CDR. Under these conditions in our MC setup, the reduction of H2O2 dose rate effect within 1ms time-scale is attributed mainly to several orders of magnitude earlier times, e.g., 1 ns of the e−aq reaction with ·OH-radicals and negligible reaction with ·H. Conclusions: Based on our analysis of the present work, at UHDR, the lower yield in H2O2 can be interpreted as a signature of bunching the particles in beams of ionizing radiation, and temporal correlations and time-dependent chain of reactions. The beams enter the medium in closely packed clusters and form inhomogeneities in the track-str

关键词： Reaction rates

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A Multidisciplinary Effort for Smart Health Assistive technology in a Children's Psychiatric Unit

A Multidisciplinary Effort for Smart Health Assistive Techno...

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IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems, COMCAS

作者： Itai Dabran Meira Levy Michal Pauzner Mariela Mosheva Tom Sofer Tal Shilton Eitan Eldar Doron Gothelf Computer Science Faculty Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Shenkar College Ramat Gan Israel Department of Visual Communication Azrieli Faculty of Design Shenkar College Ramat Gan Israel The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Chaim Sheba Medical Centre Tel HaShomer Israel Applied Behavior Analysis in Psychiatry Program Chaim Sheba Medical Centre Tel HaShomer Israel

ISBN: (数字)9798350348187

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348194

This paper demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between teams of medical researchers, product design researchers, and computer science students. Their combined work resulted in both a concept and a product, a Smart Health Assistive Bag for children being hospitalized. The Child Psychiatry Inpatient Unit at Sheba Medical Center provides mental health services to children suffering from a variety of psychopathological conditions. The multidisciplinary staff takes a family-oriented approach where parents and caregivers are encouraged to be active participants in the treatment team throughout their child's stay. Our work focused on the design and development of a Smart Bag, which supports this family-oriented approach, encourages the involvement of the family during the child's stay and collects new data for future functional analysis. Engineering and design students from both Shenkar and the Technion worked with Sheba's clinicians to create a conceptual prototype that advances the defined theoretical needs and build a working prototype. Our Smart Bag aimed at aiding child hospitalizations in the Psychiatrist Inpatient Unit is an important innovative tool for Sheba's Smart Health facility. It is designed to help the child in adjusting to the unit and be an active participant in their daily routine while in the unit. Additionally, because it has IoT sensors and is linked to a network through a digital platform, it supports the child's family and caregivers in staying updated regarding the child's progress. The Smart Bag can apprise the family about the child's daily achievements by informing them of tokens given to the child for desirable behavior. It updates both family and caregivers regarding the current stage in the child's treatment. Such on-going communication involving the child, caregivers and clinicians reduces the stress and worry that families often feel when their child is hospitalized in the Psychiatrist Unit and improves the therap

关键词： Microwave antennas computer science Pediatrics Hospitals Databases Smart healthcare Authentication

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Work fluctuations due to partial thermalizations in two-level systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Quadeer, Maria Korzekwa, Kamil Tomamichel, Marco Centre for Quantum Software and Information School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney NSW2007 Australia Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków30-348 Poland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore119077 Singapore

We study work extraction processes mediated by finite-time interactions with an ambient bath—partial thermalizations—as continuous time Markov processes for two-level systems. Such a stochastic process results in fluctuations in the amount of work that can be extracted and is characterized by the rate at which the system parameters are driven in addition to the rate of thermalization with the bath. We analyze the distribution of work for the case where the energy gap of a two-level system is driven at a constant rate. We derive analytic expressions for average work and lower bound for the variance of work showing that such processes cannot be fluctuation-free in general. We also observe that an upper bound for the Monte Carlo estimate of the variance of work can be obtained using Jarzynski’s fluctuation-dissipation relation for systems initially in equilibrium. Finally, we analyse work extraction cycles by modifying the Carnot cycle, incorporating processes involving partial thermalizations and obtain efficiency at maximum power for such finite-time work extraction cycles under different sets of constraints. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carnot cycle

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Unveiling the Post-Covid Economic Impact Using NLP Techniques

Unveiling the Post-Covid Economic Impact Using NLP Technique...

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International Conference on Electronics, computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)

作者： Kanishk Barhanpurkar Nikita Mandlik Anand Singh Rajawat S.B. Goyal Traian Candin Mihaltan Chaman Verma Maria Simona Raboaca Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science Binghamton University USA School of Computer Science & Engineering Sandip University Nashik India Faculty of Information Technology City University Petaling Jaya Malaysia Faculty of Building Services Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Media and Educational Informatics Faculty of Informatics Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary ICSI Energy Department National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies Ramnicu Valcea Romania

The research paper presents a novel analysis of textual data based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to analyse New York Times articles from January 2019 to May 2023. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the economic impact that follows Covid-19 disease. New York Times (NYT), it was started in 1884 is one of the most prominent newspapers in the world. Additionally, we have used the New York Times Archive API to collect the data for the given timeframe. By analysing sentiment analysis, topic modelling, entity recognition, and keyword extraction, valuable insights can be gathered into market trends, industry shifts, and policy interventions. The authors have created a data science pipeline using Amazon Web Services (AWS), which enables data collection, storage, and visualization. It contributes to a better understanding of the pandemic's short-term and long-term economic effects. The results of this study demonstrate Natural Language Processing techniques' potential as a tool for financial analytics, assisting policymakers, economists, and businesses in formulating recovery strategies.

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Investigation of Optical Properties of Diamond Substrates Grown by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition Method

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Upadhyay, Khyati Dasadia, Abhay K. Bhatt, Sandip V. Deshpande, M.P. Faculty of Science A. D. Patel Institute of Technology C.V.M University Gujarat New Vallabh Vidyanagar388121 India Department of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar388 120 India Department of Physics Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar388 120 India

Synthetic single crystal diamonds (SCDs) offer unrivalled hardness, a wide range of optical transparency and supremely high thermal conductivity. They are reliable materials to be a part of devices run at high frequency, temperature and power. Adequate synthesis methods for high-quality SCDs plays a crucial role in maximizing their potential applications. To achieve this, the growth strategy for high-quality single crystal diamonds makes use of the welding material to minimize the accumulation of graphitic carbons at the bottom of the diamond seeds. This approach reduces the thermal contact resistance at the interface between diamond seeds and the molybdenum holder. By employing the welding method, high quality diamond substrates (plates) were grown and evaluated for their optical properties using Raman, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Obtained results showed that in Raman spectra, peaks near 1332 cm−1 called as first order Raman peaks with no observable peaks in the region 1500 cm-1–1550 cm-1 is generally considered as strong evidence for the growth of ‘pure’ diamond phase with no non-diamond components present. Grown single crystal diamonds exhibit high transmittance (>70%) and absorption at 280 nm. The FT-IR spectrum reveals peaks at 670 cm-1 and 1470 cm-1, which are attributed to nitrogen impurities. Calculations demonstrate an average absorption coefficient of 1.1 cm-1, indicating the high quality of grown SCDs with nitrogen impurities © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical properties

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Antiferromagnetic Hysteresis above the Spin Flop Field

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Grzybowski, M.J. Schippers, C.F. Gomonay, O. Rubi, K. Bal, M.E. Zeitler, U. Koziol-Rachwal, A. Szpytma, M. Janus, W. Kurowska, B. Kret, S. Gryglas-Borysiewicz, M. Koopmans, B. Swagten, H.J.M. Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 Warsaw Poland Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz55128 Germany Radboud University Nijmegen6525 ED Netherlands Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków30-059 Poland Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Lotników 32/46 Warsaw Poland

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is essential in the physics of antiferromagnets and commonly treated as a constant, not depending on an external magnetic field. However, we demonstrate that in CoO the anisotropy should necessarily depend on the magnetic field, which is shown by the spin Hall magnetoresistance of the CoO | Pt device. Below the Néel temperature CoO reveals a spin-flop transition at 240 K at 7.0 T, above which a hysteresis in the angular dependence of magnetoresistance unexpectedly persists up to 30 T. This behavior is shown to agree with the presence of the unquenched orbital momentum, which can play an important role in antiferromagnetic spintronics. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetocrystalline anisotropy

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Polaronic and Mott insulating phase of layered magnetic vanadium trihalide VCl3

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mastrippolito, Dario Camerano, Luigi Swiatek, Hanna Šmíd, Břetislav Klimczuk, Tomasz Ottaviano, Luca Profeta, Gianni Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L’Aquila Via Vetoio L’Aquila67100 Italy Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland Advanced Materials Center Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Department of Surface and Plasma Science V Holešovičkách 2 Prague 8180 00 Czech Republic CNR-SPIN L’Aquila Via Vetoio L’Aquila67100 Italy

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic 3d-transition metal trihalides are a new class of functional materials showing exotic physical properties useful for spintronic and memory storage applications. In this article, we report the synthesis and electromagnetic characterization of single-crystalline vanadium trichloride, VCl3, a novel 2D layered vdW Mott insulator, which has a rhombohedral structure (R3, No. 148) at room temperature. VCl3 undergoes a structural phase transition at 103 K and a subsequent antiferromagnetic transition at 21.8 K. Combining core levels and valence bands x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate the Mott Hubbard insulating nature of VCl3 and the existence of electron small 2D magnetic polarons localized on V atom sites by V-Cl bond relaxation. The polarons strongly affect the electromagnetic properties of VCl3 promoting the occupation of dispersion-less spin-polarized V-3d a1g states and band inversion with eg states. Within the pola- ′ ronic scenario, it is possible to reconcile different experimental evidences on vanadium trihalides, suggesting that also VI3 hosts polarons. Our results highlight the complex physical behavior of this class of crystals determined by charge trapping, lattice distronsions, correlation effects, mixed valence states, and magnetic states. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Chlorine compounds

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) for Mobile Communications: A Diffusion Model Perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Xiaoxia Mu, Xidong Liu, Yuanwei Xing, Hong Liu, Yue Nallanathan, Arumugam The School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom The Department of Electronic Engineering Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Guangzhou511453 China The Department of ECE The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic University China

This article targets at unlocking the potentials of a class of prominent generative artificial intelligence (GAI) method, namely diffusion model (DM), for mobile communications. First, a DM-driven communication architecture is proposed, which introduces two key paradigms, i.e., conditional DM and DM-driven deep reinforcement learning (DRL), for wireless data generation and communication management, respectively. Then, we discuss the key advantages of DM-driven communication paradigms. To elaborate further, we explore DM-driven channel generation mechanisms for channel estimation, extrapolation, and feedback in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We showcase the numerical performance of conditional DM using the accurate DeepMIMO channel datasets, revealing its superiority in generating high-fidelity channels and mitigating unforeseen distribution shifts in sophisticated scenes. Furthermore, several DM-driven communication management designs are conceived, which is promising to deal with imperfect channels and task-oriented communications. To inspire future research developments, we highlight the potential applications and open research challenges of DM-driven communications. Code is available at https://***/xiaoxiaxusummer/GAI_COMM/. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Valley-Polarized Quantum Hall Phase in a Strain-Controlled Dirac System

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第16期132卷 166601-166601页

作者： G. Krizman J. Bermejo-Ortiz T. Zakusylo M. Hajlaoui T. Takashiro M. Rosmus N. Olszowska J. J. Kołodziej G. Bauer Y. Guldner G. Springholz L.-A. de Vaulchier Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik Johannes Kepler Universität Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure ENS Université PSL CNRS Sorbonne Université 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS Jagiellonian University Czerwone Maki 98 30-392 Krakow Poland Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University 30-348 Krakow Poland

In multivalley systems, the valley pseudospin offers rich physics going from encoding of information by its polarization (valleytronics), to exploring novel phases of matter when its degeneracy is changed. Here, by strain engineering, we reveal fully valley-polarized quantum Hall phases in the Pb1−xSnxSe Dirac system. Remarkably, when the valley energy splitting exceeds the fundamental band gap, we observe a “bipolar quantum Hall phase,” heralded by the coexistence of hole and electron chiral edge states at distinct valleys in the same quantum well. This suggests that spatially overlaid counterpropagating chiral edge states emerging at different valleys do not interfere with each other.

关键词： Edge states Integer quantum Hall effect Magneto-optics Magnetotransport Topological materials Valley degrees of freedom Valleytronics

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Recent Developments within The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO)

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Alvarez-Castillo, David Homola, Piotr Sushchov, Oleksandr Stasielak, Jaroslaw Stuglik, Slawomir Góra, Dariusz Nazari, Vahab Oancea, Cristina Granja, Carlos Beznosko, Dmitriy Zabari, Noemi Gupta, Alok C. Hnatyk, Bohdan Mozgova, Alona Kasztelan, Marcin Bielewicz, Marcin Kovacs, Peter Lozowski, Bartosz Medvedev, Mikhail V. Miszczyk, Justyna Bibrzycki, Lukasz Niedźwiecki, Michal Smelcerz, Katarzyna Hachaj, Tomasz Piekarczyk, Marcin Pawlik, Maciej Rzecki, Krzysztof Rosas, Matías Smolek, Karel Svanidze, Manana Beradze, Revaz Tursunov, Arman Wibig, Tadeusz Zamora-Saa, Jilberto Poncyljusz, Bozena Medrala, Justyna Opila, Gabriela Pryga, Jerzy Ruimi, Ophir Cahuantzi, Mario Rodriguez Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland ADVACAM 12 Prague17000 Czech Republic Clayton State University MorrowGA United States Juliusza Slowackiego 24 Rzeszów35-069 Poland Manora Peak Nainital263001 India Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv04053 Ukraine National Centre for Nuclear Research Andrzeja Soltana 7 Świerk Otwock05-400 Poland Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics Wigner Research Centre for Physics 1121 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út Budapest29-33 Hungary Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 Katowice40-007 Poland Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Computer Science Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 Kraków31-155 Poland ACC Cyfronet AGH-UST Kraków30-950 Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicz Ave. Kraków30-059 Poland Liceo 6 Francisco Bauzá Lucas Obes 896 Montevideo11700 Uruguay Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in Prague Husova 240/5 Prague 1110 00 Czech Republic E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics under Tbilisi State University 6 Tamarashvili St. Tbilisi0186 Georgia Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Bezručovo nám. 13 OpavaCZ-74601 Czech Republic University of Lódź Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics 90-236 Lódź Pomorska 149/153 Poland Universidad Andres Bello Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Avenida Republica 498 Santiago Chile Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Warsaw02-093 Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicz Ave. Kraków30-059 Poland Pedagogical University of Krakow Institute of Computer Science ul. Podchorąych Krak

This contribution presents the recent research developments within the Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) in the search for resolution of various scientific puzzles, ranging from fundamental physical questions to applications like the determination of earthquake precursors. The state-of-the art theoretical, numerical and computational aspects of these phenomena are addressed, as well as recent experimental developments for detection. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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