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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Pan Zhang, Min Cao, Jin Li, Jingru Liu, Hao Zhai, Jinfeng Wang, Ruibo Xiao, Cong Yang, Shengyuan A. Shen, Jian State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau China Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University Shanghai201210 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China

The valley Hall effect (VHE) holds great promise for valleytronic applications by leveraging the valley degree of freedom. To date, research on VHE has focused on its linear response to an applied current, leaving nonlinear valley responses undetected and nonlinear valleytronic devices undeveloped. Here, we report the experimental observation of a nonlinear VHE in a graphene-hBN moiré superlattice, evidenced by the generation of second-harmonic nonlocal voltages under AC currents. Remarkably, the nonlinear VHE has magnitude surpassing the linear VHE and is highly tunable via a gate voltage, which exhibits a pair of opposite peaks on the two sides of a Dirac gap. The nonlinear signal shows quadratic scaling with driving current and quartic scaling with local resistance, setting it apart from the linear counterpart. These experimental features are consistent with the theoretical picture of nonlocal transport mediated by nonlinear VHE and linear inverse VHE. We further reveal a nonlinear inverse VHE by observing the third- and fourth-harmonic nonlocal voltages. The nonlinear VHE provides a novel mechanism for valley manipulation and enables a novel valleytronic device—the valley rectifier—that converts AC charge current into DC valley current. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Microfluidic droplet detection using synthetic data generated by a Generative Adversarial Network

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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 156卷

作者： Karimzadeh, Marziyeh Meybodi, Mohsen Alambardar Shams, Mohammadreza Goli-Malekabadi, Zahra Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics University of Isfahan Isfahan81746-73441 Iran Department of Computer Engineering Shahreza Campus University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran Department of Medical Technology and Tissue Engineering School of Life science Engineering College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Cellular heterogeneity, even among genetically identical cells, results in variations in their properties and behaviors, making single-cell analysis crucial for obtaining detailed insights. However, isolating single cells from a cell population poses major challenges, as conventional laboratory techniques often risk cell damage and involve complex procedures. Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for encapsulating cells, particularly single cells, into individual droplets without causing harm. Despite this, factors like cell sedimentation and aggregation can reduce encapsulation efficiency and lead to deviations from the expected Poisson distribution. To address these challenges, leveraging artificial intelligence and deep learning to monitor, detect, and regulate encapsulation conditions in real-time is critical for enhancing system performance. However, deep learning models require substantial training data, and issues like microfluidic channel clogging and the scarcity of certain cell types often limit data availability. To overcome this limitation, researchers are turning to synthetic data generation to supplement training datasets and address data scarcity challenges effectively. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating synthetic data with cutting-edge deep learning techniques to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of single-cell analysis within droplet microfluidic systems. A diverse dataset integrating synthetic and real images was used to train the YOLOv8s model for automated detection and classification of microfluidic droplets, enhancing accuracy and system performance. The model trained on a combination of real and synthetic data outperformed the one trained using conventional data augmentation methods, achieving an mAP0.5 of 98% due to the increased diversity of training images. It also demonstrated faster and more stable training. Additionally, the YOLOv8 network, with a detection rate of approximately 2338 droplets per sec

关键词： Deep learning

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Charge transport modulation by a redox supramolecular spin-filtering chiral crystal

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Verhage, Michael Bampoulis, Pantelis Preuss, Marco D. Filot, Ivo Friedrich, Heiner Joosten, Rick R.M. Meijer, E.W. Flipse, Kees Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Faculty of Science and Technology Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials University of Twente Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Inorganic Materials & Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands

The chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is a fascinating phenomena correlating molecular structure with electron spin-polarisation in excited state measurements. Experimental procedures to quantify the spin-filtering magnitude relies generally on averaging data sets, especially those from magnetic field dependent conductive-AFM. We investigate the underlying observed disorder in the IV spectra and the origin of spikes superimposed. We demonstrate and explain that a dynamic, voltage sweep rate dependent, phenomena can give rise to complex IV curves for chiral crystals of coronene bisimide. The redox group, able to capture localized charge states, acts as an "impurity" state interfering with a continuum, giving rise to Fano resonances. We introduce a novel mechanism for the dynamic transport which might also provide insight into the role of spin-polarization. Crucially, interference between charge localisation and delocalisation during transport may be important properties into understanding the CISS phenomena. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic moments

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Blockchain-empowered edge intelligence for Internet of Medical Things against COVID-19

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dai, Hong-Ning Wu, Yulei Wang, Hao Imran, Muhammad Haider, Noman Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology China The College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Gjøvik Norway College of Applied Computer Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Engineering and Science Victoria University Australia

We have witnessed an unprecedented public health crisis caused by the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has severely affected medical institutions, our common lives, and social-economic activities. This crisis also reveals the brittleness of existing medical services, such as over-centralization of medical resources, the hysteresis of medical services digitalization, and weak security and privacy protection of medical data. The integration of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and blockchain is expected to be a panacea to COVID-19 attributed to the ubiquitous presence and the perception of IoMT as well as the enhanced security and immutability of the blockchain. However, the synergy of IoMT and blockchain is also faced with challenges in privacy, latency, and context-absence. The emerging edge intelligence technologies bring opportunities to tackle these issues. In this article, we present a blockchain-empowered edge intelligence for IoMT in addressing the COVID-19 crisis. We first review IoMT, edge intelligence, and blockchain in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. We then present an architecture of blockchain-empowered edge intelligence for IoMT after discussing the opportunities of integrating blockchain and edge intelligence. We next offer solutions to COVID-19 brought by blockchain-empowered edge intelligence from 1) monitoring and tracing COVID-19 pandemic origin, 2) traceable supply chain of injectable medicines and COVID-19 vaccines, and 3) telemedicine and remote healthcare services. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges and open issues in blockchain-empowered edge intelligence. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Edge computing

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Security & Privacy Issues in IoT Using Blockchain and ML

Security & Privacy Issues in IoT Using Blockchain and ML

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International Conference on Image Information Processing

作者： Muna Muhammad Ahthasham Sajid Gunjan Chhabra Hamed Taherdoost Inam Ullah Khan Keshav Kaushik Engineering and Management Sciences Balochistan University of Information Technology Balochistan Pakistan Faculty of Computing Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of CSE Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun Uttarakhand India Q Minded | Quark Minded Tehnology Inc. University Canada West Vancouver Canada Department of Electronic Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) Isra University Islamabad Campus Pakistan School of Computer Science University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun India

ISBN: (数字)9798350371406

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371413

As Internet of Things (IoT) devices are being involved in abundant applications, security, and privacy of the IoT users have been of more concern. The security threats are rapidly growing making the solutions of security and privacy not inadequate. Thereby, each thing on the internet can be a point of target for hackers. Accordingly, ML algorithms are utilized for producing accurate outputs by using large and complex databases in which the produced outputs could be used in the prediction and detection of weaknesses in IoT systems. Additionally, BC methods are also being used for providing security and privacy solutions in IoT networks. Many existing studies have been carried out on BC techniques or ML algorithms or both. Though, these existing studies focus on either providing privacy or security issues by using BC techniques or ML algorithms, therefore, give rise to need for aa combined survey on solutions made recently which address both privacy and security issues by using BC techniques and ML algorithms. In this paper, we give a summarized survey of research works that happened in the last four years by addressing privacy and security issues by using BC techniques and ML algorithms in IoT networks. Different literatures have been categorized on privacy and security of BC techniques and ML algorithms in IoT. Then at last, some research challenges and future works are highlighted by using BC techniques and ML algorithms for addressing security and privacy issues in IoT networks.

关键词： Surveys Threat modeling Privacy Databases computer hacking Information processing Prediction algorithms

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Using a Blend of Brassard and Benett 84 Elliptic Curve Digital Signature for Secure Cloud Data Communication

Using a Blend of Brassard and Benett 84 Elliptic Curve Digit...

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2020 International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2020

作者： Srivastava, Vanchhana Pathak, Rohit Kumar Kumar, Arun Prakash, Shiv Centre for Advanced Studies Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Lucknow Uttar Pradesh226031 India Jk Institute of Applied Physics and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Prayagraj211002 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141084

The exchange of data has expanded utilizing the web nowadays, but it is not dependable because, during communication on the cloud, any malicious client can alter or steal the information or misuse it. To provide security to the data during transmission is becoming hot research and quite challenging topic. In this work, our proposed algorithm enhances the security of the keys by increasing its complexity, so that it can't be guessed, breached or stolen by the third party and hence by this, the data will be concealed while sending between the users. The proposed algorithm also provides more security and authentication to the users during cloud communication, as compared to the previously existing algorithm. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Design dual notched band UWB bandpass filter using hybrid technique and Split-Ring-Resonator

Design dual notched band UWB bandpass filter using hybrid te...

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2020 International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies, ISAECT 2020

作者： El Bakali, Hamza El Omari Elftouh, Hanae Zakriti, Alia Farkhsi, Abdelkrim Abdelmalek Essaadi University Faculty of Sciences Department of Physics Tetuan Morocco Abdelmalek Essaadi University National School of Applied Sciences Department of Civil and Industrial Science and Technology Tetuan Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781665422222

A novel compact dual band notch ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is presented based on hybrid technique using coplanar to microstrip technology. The proposed filter is mounted on a Flame Resistant 4 (FR-4) substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm and loss tangent of 0.025. The basic structure is developed for covering UWB bandpass wherein coplanar on the top layer and microstrip in the bottom layer. Later, the split ring resonators (SRRs) are embedded in the bottom plan to generate dual notched band at 5.2 for WLAN band application and 8 GHz for X-band satellite applications. The results of the proposed filter show that the presented filter has high impedance matching S11 better than 15 dB and insertion loss S 21 © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Computing solubility and thermodynamics properties of H2O2 in water

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Saji, Tijin H.G. Vicent-Luna, José Manuel Vlugt, Thijs J.H. Calero, Sofía Bagheri, Behnaz Department of Applied Physics and Science Education Technical University of Eindhoven PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Institute for Complex Molecular Systems PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Process & Energy Department Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 39 Delft2628 CB Netherlands

Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role in many environmental and industrial chemical processes. We performed classical Molecular Dynamics and Continuous Fractional Component Monte Carlo simulations to calculate thermodynamic properties of H2O2 in aqueous solutions. The quality of the available force fields for H2O2 developed by Orabi & English, and by Cordeiro was systematically evaluated. To assess which water force field is suitable for predicting properties of H2O2 in aqueous solutions, four water force fields were used, namely the TIP3P, TIP4P/2005, TIP5P-E, and a modified TIP3P force field. While the computed densities of pure H2O2 in the temperature range of 253 - 353 K using the force field by Orabi & English are in excellent agreement with experimental results, the densities using the force field by Cordeiro are underestimated by 3%. The TIP4P/2005 force field in combination with the H2O2 force field developed by Orabi & English can predict the densities of H2O2 aqueous solution for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions in very good agreement with experimental results. The TIP4P/2005 force field in combination with either of the H2O2 force fields can predict the viscosities of H2O2 aqueous solutions for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions in reasonably good agreement with experimental results. The computed diffusion coefficients for H2O2 and water molecules using the TIP4P/2005 force field with either of the H2O2 force fields are almost constant for the whole range of H2O2 mole fractions. Hydrogen bond analysis showed a steady increase in the number of hydrogen bonds with the solute concentrations in H2O2 aqueous solutions for all combinations except for the Cordeiro-TIP5P-E and Orabi-TIP5P-E systems, which showed a minimum at intermediate concentrations. The Cordeiro force field for H2O2 in combination with either of the water force fields can predict the Henry coefficients of H2O2 in water in better agreement with experimental values than the force field b

关键词： Hydrogen peroxide

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GNN-Based Beamforming for Sum-Rate Maximization in MU-MISO Networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yuhang Lu, Yang Ai, Bo Dobre, Octavia A. Ding, Zhiguo Niyato, Dusit School of Computer and Information Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety the School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University St. John’sNLA1C 5S7 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore

The advantages of graph neural networks (GNNs) in leveraging the graph topology of wireless networks have drawn increasing attentions. This paper studies the GNN-based learning approach for the sum-rate maximization in multiple-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) networks subject to the users’ individual data rate requirements and the power budget of the base station. By modeling the MU-MISO network as a graph, a GNN-based architecture named CRGAT is proposed to directly map the channel state information to the beamforming vectors. The attention-enabled aggregation and the residual-assisted combination are adopted to enhance the learning capability and avoid the oversmoothing issue. Furthermore, a novel activation function is proposed for the constraint due to the limited power budget at the base station. The CRGAT is trained in an unsupervised learning manner with two proposed loss functions. An evaluation method is proposed for the learning-based approach, based on which the effectiveness of the proposed CRGAT is validated in comparison with several convex optimization and learning based approaches. Numerical results are provided to reveal the advantages of the CRGAT including the millisecond-level response with limited optimality performance loss, the scalability to different number of users and power budgets, and the adaptability to different system settings. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

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Automated Bell Inequality Violation using Uncalibrated Fiber Squeezing Polarization Controllers

Automated Bell Inequality Violation using Uncalibrated Fiber...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Evan Dowling Mark Morris Gerald Baumgartner Rajarshi Roy Thomas E. Murphy Inst. for Research in Electronics & Applied Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA Dept. of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences College Park Maryland USA Inst. for Physical Science & Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA

We experimentally report on a real-time self-guided method to search for maximal CHSH violations between two observers sharing polarization entangled photon pairs using uncalibrated piezoelectric fiber squeezers as po... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Photon polarization Polarization Polarization control Quantum communications Quantum key distribution Single photon detectors

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