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Green Materials and Electronic Packaging Interconnect technology Symposium, EPITS 2022

作者： Adzali, Nur Maizatul Shima Salihin, Siti Khadijah Ahmad Zaidi, Nur Hidayah Industrial Chemical Process Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kampus UniCITI Sg. Chuchuh Padang Besar Perlis02100 Malaysia Materials Engineering Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Jejawi Perlis Arau02600 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811992667

SS440C steel is commonly used for knife blades, bearings, valve parts, and medical equipment. The composition of SS440C steels is designed to increase hardness especially in blade applications. The effect of quenching and tempering heat treatment on the properties of SS440C was investigated in this study. Quenching heat treatment is done at 1000 °C, followed by tempering at 150 and 500 °C in a muffle furnace. Microstructure of SS440C samples were studied using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Properties of SS440C after heat treatment have been investigated using the Rockwell hardness test and tensile test. It was found that the sample quenched at 1000 °C (without temper) had the highest hardness with 58.4HRC, while the as-received annealed sample had 11.4HRC followed by sample tempered at 150 °C with 57.5HRC and 500 °C with 54.1HRC. Tensile testing reveals that quenching and tempering at 500 °C result in the highest maximum stress compared to other samples. Through optical microscopy observation, a sample tempered at 500 °C has larger size of carbide precipitate than sample that quenched and tempered at a 150 °C. Insufficient carbide dissolution or a more abrasive reaction is revealed by larger carbide sizes. In conclusion, SS440C temper at 500 °C reflects that it has better properties than the other. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Quenching

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Pelletization of torrefied palm kernel shell by using different binding agents

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 57卷 1116-1122页

作者： Sambeth, Sharwin Kumar Chang, Siaw Sang Samad, Noor Asma Fazli Abdul Saleh, Suriyati Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia College of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia

Palm kernel shell (PKS) pellets are used as fuel for boilers due to their uniform shape and carbon content. However, the pellet's low mechanical properties can cause a high level of dust, increased fire explosions, and become health hazards to workers, which become challenging during transportation and storage. In this study, four types of binders, carboxymethylcellulose, lignin, starch, and glycerol, were used to improve the mechanical durability of torrefied PKS pellet. The PKS was torrefied at 250 ℃ for 30 min and pelletized at 130 ℃ and 12 MPa. The torrefied pellets were characterized according to their chemical and physical properties. Results indicate that the density of pellets using all binders achieved more than the standard value (600 kg/m3). Overall, the carboxymethylcellulose could be used as a suitable binder that gives the highest mechanical durability (4449 N), low ash content (4.2 wt%), and improved HHV (20.68 MJ/kg) compared to other binders for torrefied PKS pellets to be used as fuel for power generation. © 2021

关键词： Starch

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Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of surfactant and alcohol extracted Combretum Indicum leaves

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2024年 107卷 224-230页

作者： Tanesha Thanaseelan D. Nurul Hidayu Nurul Sahirah V.K. Rajaletchumy Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Combretum Indicum (CI), which contains numerous bioactive compounds, has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of reasons, including the treatment of skin conditions. This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of CI leaves extracted using different surfactants (Triton X-100 and Vitamin E TPGS) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, as well as various alcohol solvents (acetone, methanol, and ethanol) at concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts has been evaluated using Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while the anti-tyrosinase activity was assessed through a mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay. Prior to analysis, CI leaves had been macerated, extracted, and freeze-dried. The research established that ethanol at a concentration of 50% is the optimum solvent to extract CI leaves, as it demonstrated good antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase action with a high percentage of yield and total phenolic content. As a result, the outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of the potential applications of CI leaf extract in cosmetics, notably in the treatment of oxidative stress and hyperpigmentation. Further study and development in this field could lead to the creation of effective and natural cosmetic products produced from CI leaves that have antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase effects.

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Evaluation of biofuel from the torrefaction of Malaysian food waste

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2024年 109卷 41-47页

作者： Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman Ruwaida Abdul Rasid Yung Sheng Yong Mazni Ismail Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Gambang Pahang Malaysia

The alarming issues related to the depletion of conventional fossil-based fuel resources have sparked interest in the search for alternative resources. Being a developing country facing tremendous growth, Malaysia is generating large amounts of food waste (FW). In this paper, an investigation of the potential of FW conversion to solid, coal-like fuel is carried out through torrefaction . The torrefaction process was carried out at temperatures between 260 and 320 °C and residence times of 15 to 45 min. The results showed that a higher torrefaction temperature leads to an increase in mass loss of the initial solid FW, which is also observed with increasing residence time. The loss of solid mass, nevertheless, increased the higher heating value (HHV) of the torrefied FW. A significant improvement was also observed in the volatile matter (VM) and moisture content (MC) of torrefied FW, which both decreased, while the carbon (C) content was increased. This suggests the improvement in the fuel properties of FW and its potential as a renewable energy source .

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Performances,mechanisms,and strategies for methane removal via gas biofiltration

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & engineering 2025年第5期19卷 141-162页

作者： Xin Wu Chunping Yang Yan Lin Xiang Li Shaohua Wu Piotr Rybarczyk Jacek Gebicki Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming 525000China College of Urban and Environment Sciences Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste ResourcesHunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University)of Ministry of EducationChangsha 410082China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of TechnologyGdansk 80-233Poland

Control of methane emissions has attracted widespread attention in the context of worldwide efforts to alleviate the greenhouse ***,a green and cost-effective treatment process,has been widely used for the purification of ***,there is still a lack of comprehensive information on methane ***,the state-of-the-art development trends of methane removal via biofiltration were comprehensively reviewed and commented *** of all,this article reviewed the mechanisms of methane removal and the possible degradation pathways in ***,the removal characteristics of single methane,methane mixed with volatile organic compounds or gaseous inorganic compounds by biofiltration,were summarized and ***,the practical applications of methane biofiltration were summed up and some inspirations were ***,the effective measures to improve the performance of methane biofiltration were put forward,and corresponding insights and future research directions for methane biofiltration were *** article can provide references for the practical applications of methane biofiltration and the mitigation of greenhouse effects.

关键词： Biofilter Methane VOC Greenhouse effect Carbon reduction

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Innovations in bio-space architecture for climate change relief 74

Innovations in bio-space architecture for climate change rel...

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74th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2023

作者： Dziadula, Wiktoria Borowska, Ewa Urbańska, Weronika Nowak, Bartosz Extremo Technologies LLC Wroclaw Poland Silesian Univeristy of Technology Faculty of Architecture Gliwice Poland Warsaw Poland Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Environmental Engineering Wroclaw Poland Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Poland

Every government stresses the importance of using technologies to reduce carbon footprints. To make it facilitate we endeavour to create new tools which will be adapted to new changes in the environment, here on Earth and in Space. Thus, extreme microorganisms which can be used in new systems determine a new approach to developing the inner loop. The most important aspect of a closed-loop system will definitely be the purification of air, and water and producing additional oxygen. Microalgae from volcanic grounds reflect the accuracy of early Earth's surroundings, including the greenhouse effect with high levels of CO2 at that time. It makes them one of the most resistant organisms in a changing world. Extreme microorganisms and substances which they produce are used successfully in the innovative design of closed-loop *** red microalgae are the link between primary cyanobacteria and the first primitive eukaryotic cells that were subjected to the harsh conditions that prevailed on Earth during the formation of its atmosphere. They occur in various extreme volcanic environments. The majority of the research on red microalgae is focused on their photosynthesis due to their occurrence in extreme environmental conditions. It is distinguished from other eukaryotic organisms with numerous adaptive features to the changing environmental conditions in which they occur. Implementation of new technologies and convince to improvements for everyday life is not easy but pivotal in climate change actions. To create an innovative product, designed by an interdisciplinary team by a human-center design method that is easy to use, handy, maintenance-free, and designed neatly in an aesthetic, minimalistic way. Moreover allows for the production of oxygen and purifies the air inside interiors but is also a part of the interior design elements. That connects scientific innovations and an empathetic way of thinking based on human needs and perception. The closed-loop systems will

关键词： air bio-regenerative closed loop microalgae oxygen production

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Detection of onset of agglomeration in a bubbling fluidized bed biomass combustor using reactive Eulerian computational fluid dynamics

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 504-515页

作者： Abdullah Tasleem Atta Ullah Fei Li Qun Yi William Nimmo Syed Sheraz Daood Department of Chemical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)Lehtrar RoadP.O.Nilore45650IslamabadPakistan Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China Energy Engineering Group Energy 2050Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS37RDUnited Kingdom Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Energy Engineering Research and Development Centre Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan

The choice of a type of combustion technology to be used for heat or power generation depends on economic,technical,operational and fuel availability *** benefits associated with the evolving market driven by the fluidised bed combustion(FBC)technology cannot be overlooked especially when gauged at 65 GWth of worldwide installed capacity alongside added benefits of handling fuel variation,low pollutant emissions and high combustion *** or biomass waste will continue to have a vital role to play in the future FBC technology-based power *** often contains high levels of inorganic species that can form sticky agglomerates posing a significant risk to boiler operation resulting in unscheduled *** added complexity of the behaviour of the fuel and bed material mix highlights the requirement for simulation models to identify agglomeration to help improve the overall performance and reliability of FBC *** resolve this problem,this research devised a simulation strategy for the detection of agglomeration using the Eulerian–Eulerian *** developed modelling strategy is validated with the experimental data available in literature for two-dimensional simplified geometry of a pilot-scale fluidised bed *** model results were found promising and robust to predict bed defluidisation times and other parameters consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： Fluidized bed combustion Eulerian Models Biomass Agglomeration Defluidisation

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The Study of the Integration Between Pectin and Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate on Oil Recovery

The Study of the Integration Between Pectin and Sodium Dodec...

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2024 SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, NAIC 2024

作者： Musa, M.S.M. Adam, N.H.B. Gbonhinbor, J.R. Ridzuan, N. Mahat, S.Q.A. Yakasai, F. Ngouangna, E.N. Oseh, J.O. Agi, A. Oil and Gas Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia Department of Petroleum Engineering Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State Amassoma Nigeria Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pahang Gambang Malaysia Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering Bayero University Kano Nigeria Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025474

Surfactant flooding is a recognized technique within the realm of chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR), to enhance oil recovery in cases of continual depletion in conventional oil reserves. This method has a track record of effectively increasing oil recovery rates. The process involves multiple factors, including the reduction of interfacial tension (IFT), alterations in wettability, the creation of foam, and emulsification. Despite its success, a primary concern associated with surfactant flooding is the emergence of increased fingering effects, resulting in conformance issues like excessive water production. The primary objective of this research is to examine the interaction between pectin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the context of oil recovery, assessing the collaborative potential of pectin in conjunction with SDS to amplify oil production, and evaluating the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on the behaviour of pectin and SDS in the context of oil recovery. To address water production concerns, this study employs polymer to augment water viscosity. The interaction between pectin and SDS will be scrutinized by observing three distinct sand packs, each containing surfactant, polymer, and a surfactant-polymer combination, respectively. The findings indicated significant improvements in oil recovery using different enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Freshwater flooding resulted in a 15% increase in oil recovery compared to saltwater flooding. Polymer flooding with a concentration of 0.6 wt% demonstrated the highest efficacy of 77.85% improvement in oil recovery compared to waterflooding. Surfactant flooding, while slightly less effective than polymer flooding, but still showed a remarkable 48.94% increase in oil recovery after waterflooding. However, surfactant flooding's effectiveness could be constrained by factors like reservoir characteristics and fluid properties. Despite this, the study revealed that combining surfactant and polymer fl

关键词： Surface active agents

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The feasibility of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in palm oil mill effluent for lipid and fatty acid methyl ester production

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 57卷 1071-1077页

作者： Abu Sepian, Noor Raihana Mat Yasin, Nur Hidayah Zainol, Norazwina Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Gambang26300 Malaysia

The abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Malaysia had exposed an opportunity for the researchers to replace the common culture for microalgae cultivation process. However, the small size of microalgae bring difficulties in the separation process from the culture medium. Thus, immobilization technique had been implemented in this study to simplify the separation process of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. A new immobilized C. vulgaris consisted of combination matrix (sodium alginate (SA), calcium alginate (CA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) with volumetric ratio (Matrix:Microalgae) 0.3:1 were utilized in this experiment. The feasibility of POME as a cultivation medium was determined by cultivating the immobilized C. vulgaris in different concentration of POME (20–100%). Two types of media were explored in this study which were POME mixed with distilled water (DW) (0–80%) and POME mixed with Bold Basal Medium (BBM) (0–80%). Based on the cell density result, the medium with 20% POME + 80% DW and 40% POME + 60% BBM medium performed the highest number of cells with 1.63 × 109 cells/mL and 0.59 × 109 cells/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the the POME mixture medium showed the potential as a cultivation medium for the immobilized microalgae. The lipid extracted from immobilized microalgae beads cultivated in BBM media were the highest with 48.03 ± 3.7%, followed by 20% POME + 80% DW (38.14 ± 2.2%) and the lowest by 40% POME + 60% BBM media (32.93 ± 2.8%). Besides, the FAME produced from oil extracted using immobilized microalgae biomass cultured in POME mixture medium showed a good quality of oil. Thus, the oil produced revealed the potential for biodiesel production. © 2021

关键词： Microalgae

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The Microstructural and Bioactivity Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Filled with Bioglass for Biomedical Application

The Microstructural and Bioactivity Behavior of Magnesium Al...

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International Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials 2021, ICEAM 2021

作者： Adzali, Nur Maizatul Shima Dahlan, Nur Farahin Johar, Banjuraizah Baharom, Nor Akmah Industrial Chemical Process Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Materials Engineering Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Kedah Kulim Malaysia

Magnesium alloy have known as degradable implant material due to biodegradable properties. However, by developed Mg alloy matrix composites containing a bioceramic will produced more biodegradable and does not need second surgical to remove the implants in body. Powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the AZ91/BG composite by mixing, compacting and sintering. Mg alloy (AZ91) was reinforced with 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt% of bioglass (BG) before compact and sintered at 400°C for 2 hours. The Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction are used to investigate the effect of BG particles addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite AZ91/BG. Bioactivity behaviour was studied by immersion test of AZ91/BG composite into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution for 72 hours. The results showed that as the addition of BG increases from 3 to 9 wt%, the hardness of AZ91/BG decrease from 43.3HV to 27.9HV. The result also showed the formation of protective layers or apatite layer on the surface of AZ91/BG composite after immersed in PBS solution for 72 hours. Phase analysis by XRD shows the presence of peak Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 as the BG increased from 3 to 9 wt%. As a conclusion, AZ91/3BG shows the optimum composite for biomedical application based on its properties and bioactivity behaviour. © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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