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I see sick people: Beliefs about sensory detection of infectious disease are largely consistent across cultures

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2025年 128卷 737-750页

作者： Ackerman, Joshua M. Samore, Theodore Fessler, Daniel M.T. Kupfer, Tom R. Choi, Soyeon Merrell, Wilson N. Aarøe, Lene Aavik, Toivo Acabado, Stephen Akello, Grace Alfian, Ilham N. Al-Shawaf, Laith Alvarez, Marinés M. Ammann, Jeanine Arikan, Gizem Asha, Saiyeda A. Astobiza, Anibal M. Baeza-Ugarte, Carmen G. Barclay, Pat Barlow, Fiona Kate Bizarro, Lisiane Bressan, Paola Castellanos-Chacón, Andres Choy, Bryan K.C. Chusairi, Achmad Contreras-Garduño, Jorge Chávez Cosamalón, Brenda L. Costa-Neves, Bernardo De, Mallika de Lima, Tiago J.S. de Zoysa, Piyanjali Dryžaitė, Ieva Elbæk, Christian T. Fedor, Peter Fernández, Ana M. Fernandez-Morales, Regina Fülöp, Márta Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado Garcia-Gómez, Leonor Garcia-Marques, Leonel Garduño-Franco, Jimena Pilar Grazioso, María del Habacht, Fanny Hasan, Youssef Haugestad, Camila P. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Havlíček, Jan Hernandez, Earl J. Hoang, Vu M. Hong, Minsung Hromatko, Ivana Iliško, Dzintra Imada, Hirotaka Jakšić, Ivana Jarmakowski, Tomasz Hjördísar Jónsdóttir, Harpa L. Kajokaite, Kotrina Kaňková, Šárka Kervyn, Nicolas Kim, Jinseok P. Kunst, Jonas R. Laakasuo, Michael Leongómez, Juan David Li, Norman P. Lu, Junsong Lynch, Nathan Maegli, María A. Manley, Harry Marcu, Gabriela McAfee, Thea Mitkidis, Panagiotis Molnár, Nándor B. Morvinski, Coby Muhamad, Haslina Nejat, Pegah Huy, Hoang Nguyen Oliveira, Angelica N. Olsson, Mats J. Onyishi, Charity N. Onyishi, Ike E. Orozco, Reegan Otterbring, Tobias Ottersen, Ida S. Pacheco-López, Gustavo Panagiotopoulou, Penny Paniagua, Walter Parvin, Roksana Pavlović, Zoran Prokop, Pavol Raffman, Emma Rizwan, Muhammad Rojas, Sheila Różycka-Tran, Joanna Sánchez, Oscar R. Selim, Heyla Sevi, Barış Shani, Yaniv Shastry, Madhulika S. Stieger, Stefan Suh, Eunkook M. Sumari, Melati Takemura, Kosuke Tognetti, Arnaud Trombetta, Roberta Z.R. Tybur, Joshua M. Ucak, Eylul B. Uchida, Yukiko Valentova, Jaroslava V. Viciana, Hugo Visine, Amandine Wang, Jin Wang, XT Yahiiaiev, Illia I. Zein, Rizqy A. Žeželj, Iris Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Religion Programme University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Department of Anthropology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Center for Behavior Evolution & Culture University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Bedari Kindness Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University England Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Center for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Political Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Psychology Universitas Airlangga East Java Indonesia Department of Psychology University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO United States Department of Psychology Universidad del Valle Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Agroscope Research group Economic Modelling and Policy Analysis Ettenhausen Switzerland Department of Political Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Psychology International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Philosophy University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Psychology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada School of Psychology University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Graduate Program in Psychology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul RS Porto Alegre Brazil Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy Faculty of Psychology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia Ministry of Defence Singapore Sustainability and Education Policy Network Saskatoon SK Canada Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unid

Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for identifying whether others are sick with transmissible illnesses. Are these beliefs universal, or do they vary along cultural and ecological dimensions? Participants in 58 countries (N = 19,217) judged how effective, and how likely they were to use, cues involving each of the five major sensory modalities in an imagined social interaction during a flu outbreak. Belief patterns were strongly consistent across countries (sight > audition > touch > smell > taste), suggesting a largely universal conceptualization of the role of sensory information for interpersonal respiratory disease detection. Results also support a safe senses hypothesis, with perceivers reporting that they would use senses that function at a distance—and thus reduce pathogen transmission risk—more than would be expected given participants’ beliefs as to the efficacy of these senses for disease detection. Where societal variation did emerge, it was captured by a cohesive set of socio-ecological factors, including human development, latitude, pathogen prevalence, and population density. Together, these findings reveal a shared lens through which contagious respiratory disease is assessed, one that prioritizes minimizing risk to perceivers, and may offer leverage for designing interventions to improve public health. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Behavioral immune system Culture Iterpersonal perception Pathogen threat Sensation Threat detection

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Plasma–enhanced chemical vapor deposition of Co3O4 thin films as a new approach for improving oxygen evolution activity

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Catalysis Today 2025年 458卷

作者： Knozowski, Dominik Kędzierska-Sar, Aleksandra Ranecki, Robert Kuświk, Piotr Fronczak, Maciej Gierlotka, Stanislaw Arabasz, Sebastian Aligayev, Amil Jabbarli, Ulkar Dominguez–Gutierrez, Francisco Javier Gmurek, Marta Lodz University of Technology Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering Wólczańska 213 St Lodz93–005 Poland Lodz University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry Żeromskiego 116 St. Lodz90–924 Poland Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St. Poznań60–179 Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Nanostructures Sokolowska 29/37 St. Warsaw01–142 Poland Lukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology Development Stablowicka 147 St. Wroclaw54–066 Poland CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology Institute of Intelligent Machines Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Science Hefei230031 China Science Island Branch of Graduate School University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China NOMATEN Centre of Excellence National Centrefor Nuclear Research A. Soltana 7 St. Otwock05–400 Poland Institute of Theoretical Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 St Warsaw02–093 Poland

The development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a key challenge in advancing sustainable energy technologies. Among cobalt – based materials, spinel Co3O4 is a widely studied catalyst;however, its bulk form often suffers from poor electrical conductivity and limited accessibility of active sites. In this study, we demonstrate that plasma–enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), followed by thermal annealing in air, provides an effective route for vacancy engineering in CoxOy thin films inducing both oxygen and cobalt vacancies without relying on foreign dopants or ion–exchange processes. The Co3O4 films demonstrated exceptional OER performance, with the best sample achieving a low overpotential of 343 mV at 10 mA cm–2, and a high capability for Co4+ formation, a key intermediate in the OER process. Additionally, the films exhibited catalytic activity not only at the surface, but also throughout their entire volume, highlighting the significance of deposition time and film thickness in optimizing OER performance. Ab–initio calculations, including Bader charge analysis and density of states evaluations, further elucidate the role of defect chemistry: oxygen vacancies enhance *OH adsorption and drive structural reconstruction, while cobalt vacancies reduce the energy barrier for deprotonation and facilitate the Co3+ → Co4+ oxidation process. Overall, this work establishes PECVD combined with thermal treatment as a powerful and scalable strategy for tailoring defect concentrations in cobalt oxide catalysts. The approach offers valuable insights into the rational design of high–performance OER catalysts, with broad implications for electrochemical energy conversion technologies. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Thermal engineering

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FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

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A proposed flipped classroom method: Using online collaboration to enhance students' out-of-class oral academic English learning 26

A proposed flipped classroom method: Using online collaborat...

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26th International Conference on Computers in Education, ICCE 2018

作者： Fischer, Ian D. Yang, Jie Chi Lai, Chih Hung Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology National Central University Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789869401272

Recently, the flipped classroom approach (FCA) is slowly reshaping the academic English language learning (ELL) classroom in Asia. Much emphasis and research has been focussed on the "in-class" synchronous/collaborative learning aspect of the FCA, thus yielding positive results. However, the "out-of-class" asynchronous learning aspect of the FCA has received less attention and some problems occur, such as minimal to no peer collaboration or student accountability while watching the prescribed out-of-class video lessons. Therefore, to address these issues, this study examines the impact of creating a more synchronous/collaborative online component to the out-of-class aspect the FCA. Using the latest online technology innovations, a newly proposed flipped class (PFC) was created and then compared to a regular flipped class (RFC), and a traditional class (TC) over twelve weeks. Fifty-four undergraduate business students from a private university in Northern Taiwan participated in the study. Mock IELTS oral pre/post-tests were given to all participants in each ELL class to measure which teaching approach is more effective. The results show the PFC significantly improved overall on average, out-preforming both RFC and TC, and surprisingly, the TC significantly preformed better than the RFC;thus supports creating a more collaborative ELL environment during the out-of-class course content instruction component of a FCA, which enhances overall oral ELL. © 2018 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education.

关键词： Students

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Photometry and Polarimetry of 2010 XC15: Observational Confirmation of E-type Near-Earth Asteroid Pair

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Beniyama, Jin Sako, Shigeyuki Ohtsuka, Katsuhito Sekiguchi, Tomohiko Ishiguro, Masateru Kuroda, Daisuke Urakawa, Seirato Yoshida, Fumi Takumi, Asami Maeda, Natsuho Takahashi, Jun Takagi, Seiko Saito, Hiroaki Nakaoka, Tatsuya Saito, Tomoki Ohshima, Tomohiro Imazawa, Ryo Kagitani, Masato Takita, Satoshi Institute of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan UTokyo Organization for Planetary Space Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Collaborative Research Organization for Space Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Tokyo Meteor Network 1–27–5 Daisawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo155–0032 Japan Hokkaido University of Education Asahikawa Campus Hokumon 9 Asahikawa Hokkaido070-8621 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Bisei Spaceguard Center Japan Spaceguard Association 1716-3 Okura Bisei Ibara Okayama714-1411 Japan School of Medicine Department of Basic Sciences University of Occupational and Environmental Health 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahata Kitakyusyu Fukuoka807-8555 Japan Planetary Exploration Research Center Chiba Institute of Technology 2–17–1 Tsudanuma Narashino Chiba275–0016 Japan Open University of Japan 2-11 Wakaba Mihama-ku Chiba261-8586 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Planetology Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Nada-ku Kobe657-8501 Japan Center for Astronomy University of Hyogo 407-2 Nishigaichi Sayo Hyogo679-5313 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido060-0810 Japan Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-85

Asteroid systems such as binaries and pairs are indicative of physical properties and dynamical histories of the Small Solar System Bodies. Although numerous observational and theoretical studies have been carried out, the formation mechanism of asteroid pairs is still unclear, especially for near-Earth asteroid (NEA) pairs. We conducted a series of optical photometric and polarimetric observations of a small NEA 2010 XC15 in 2022 December to investigate its surface properties. The rotation period of 2010 XC15 is possibly a few to several dozen hours and color indices of 2010 XC15 are derived as g - r = 0.435 ± 0.008, r - i = 0.158 ± 0.017, and r - z = 0.186 ± 0.009 in the Pan-STARRS system. The linear polarization degrees of 2010 XC15 are a few percent at the phase angle range of 58◦ to 114◦. We found that 2010 XC15 is a rare E-type NEA on the basis of its photometric and polarimetric properties. Taking the similarity of not only physical properties but also dynamical integrals and the rarity of E-type NEAs into account, we suppose that 2010 XC15 and 1998 WT24 are of common origin (i.e., asteroid pair). These two NEAs are the sixth NEA pair and first E-type NEA pair ever confirmed, possibly formed by rotational fission. We conjecture that the parent body of 2010 XC15 and 1998 WT24 was transported from the main-belt through the ν6 resonance or Hungaria region. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photometry

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EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Isobe, Yuki Ouchi, Masami Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Xu, Yi Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with low metallicities (0.016 − 0.098 Z☉) and low stellar masses (104.7 − 107.6M☉). Taking deep medium-high resolution (R ∼ 7500) integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with Hα emission. Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed Hα flux, velocity, and velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities (vrot) of 5-23 km s−1 smaller than the velocity dispersions (σ0) of 17-31 km s−1, indicating dispersion-dominated (vrot/σ0 = 0.29−0.80 gas 0.9 − 1.0. Comparing our results with other Hα kinematics studies, we find that vrot/σ0 decreases and fgas increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that simulated high-z (z ∼ 7) forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems, which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations at z ∼ 7. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Noise bias compensation for reconstructed HDR images in two layer coding

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2019年第12期139卷 1442-1451页

作者： Minewaki, Sayaka Hamzah, Fairoza Amira Binti Yoshida, Taichi Iwahashi, Masahiro Kiya, Hitoshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Yuge College 1000 Kamijima-cho Ochi-gun Ehime794-2593 Japan Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics 7 Tanakamonzen-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8225 Japan Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka Chofu Tokyo182-8585 Japan Department of Electrical Electronics and Information Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka Nagaoka Niigata940-2188 Japan Department of Information and Communication Systems Faculty of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka Hino Tokyo191-0065 Japan

We propose a two-layer coding method for HDR images with noise bias compensation (NBC). Although the mean of image noise is assumed to be zero originally, it becomes nonzero (that is, noise bias is present) after tone mapping, because of the nonlinearity of tone mapping. In the conventional two-layer coding, the reconstructed LDR image is decoded using a lossy encoder of a base layer that includes noise;the noise is included in an HDR image that is inverse tone mapped from a reconstructed LDR image with noise bias. We aim to improve the quality of reconstructed HDR images by compensating for noise bias. NBC classifies pixels in a noisy image into several subsets according to the pixel value after tone mapping, and compensates for the pixel value in each subset with a compensation value determined in advance. The compensation values are determined by using all pixel values in the LDR image that is input to the base layer, in addition to those in the HDR image that is inversely tone mapped from the reconstructed LDR image. We perform NBC following inverse tone mapping for the reconstructed LDR image. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2019 The institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Image denoising

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Universal research index: An inclusive metric to quantify scientific research output

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Journal of Academic Librarianship 2023年第3期49卷

作者： Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa Yazdanpanah, Niloufar Kolahchi, Sajad Ziaei, Heliya Darmstadt, Gary L. Dorigo, Tommaso Dochy, Filip Levin, Lisa Thongboonkerd, Visith Ogino, Shuji Chen, Wei-Hsin Perc, Matjaz Tremblay, Mark S. Olusanya, Bolajoko O. Rao, Idupulapati M. Hatziargyriou, Nikos Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Bella, Federico Rosivall, Laszlo Gandomi, Amir H. Sorooshian, Armin Gupta, Manoj Gal, Ciprian Lozano, Andres M. Weaver, Connie Tanzer, Michael Poggi, Alessandro Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Weiskirchen, Ralf Jambrak, Anet Režek Torres, Pedro J. Capanoglu, Esra Barba, Francisco J. Ernest, Chua Kian Jon Sigman, Mariano Pluchino, Stefano Gharehpetian, Gevork B. Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Yang, Muh-Hwa Thomas, Sabu Cai, Wenju Comini, Elisabetta Scolding, Neil J. Myles, Paul S. Nieto, Juan J. Perry, George Sedikides, Constantine Rezaei, Nima School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Iran Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Via Francesco Marzolo Sezione di Padova Italy High Impact Learning Academy Learning and Development Department Brussels Belgium Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Integrative Oceanography Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA United States Medical Proteomics Unit Office for Research and Development Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA United States Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA United States Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Complexity Science Hub Vienna Vienna Austria Alma Mater Europaea Maribor Slovenia Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Department of Pediatrics University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada Centre for Healthy Start Initiative Ikoyi Lagos Nigeria Alliance of Bioversity International International Center for Tropical Agriculture Cali Colombia International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Natio

Scientometrics and bibliometrics, the subfields of library and information science, deal with the quantity and quality of research outputs. Currently, various scientometric indices are being used to quantify and compare research outputs. The most widely known is the h-index. However, this index and its derivatives suffer from dependence on the mere count of a scholar's highly cited publications. To remedy this deficiency, we developed a novel index, the Universal Research Index (UR-Index) (https://***/UR-Index/) by which every single publication has its own impact on the total score. We developed this index by surveying international top 1 % cited scientists in various disciplines and included additional component variables such as publication type, leading role of a scholar, co-author count, and source metrics to this scientometric index. We acknowledge that unconscious biases built into the component variables included in the UR-Index might put research from specific groups at a disadvantage, thus continued efforts to improve equitable scholarly impact in science and academia are encouraged. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Citations CiteScore h-index Impact factor Leading author Research impact Scholarly impact Scholarly output Scientometrics UR-Index USERN

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GLOBAL CLIMATE

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S12-S155页

作者： Dunn, R.J.H. Blannin, J. Gobron, N. Miller, J.B. Willett, K.M. Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Hampton University Hampton Virginia National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE) LSCE/IPSL CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Guyancourt France School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Université Paris Cité Institut de physique du globe de Paris CNRS IGN F-75005 Paris France Univ Gustave Eiffel ENSG IGN F-77455 Marne-la-Vallée France Laboratoire EDYTEM CNRS/Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Le Bourget-du-Lac France Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany Climate Dynamics Lab University of St Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Ea

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