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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tang, Zhiqi Cunha, Rita Hamel, Tarek Silvestre, Carlos Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Portugal Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden I3S-CNRS Université Côte d'Azur Institut Universitaire de France France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Faculty of Science and Technology The University of Macau China

This paper proposes a novel constructive barrier feedback for reactive collision avoidance between two agents. It incorporates this feature in a formation tracking control strategy for a group of 2nd-order dynamic robots defined in three-dimensional space. Using only relative measurements between neighboring agents, we propose an elegant decentralized controller as the sum of a nominal tracking controller and the constructive barrier feedback for leader-follower formations under a directed single-spanning tree graph topology. The key ingredient is the use of divergent flow as a dissipative term, which slows down the relative velocity in the direction of the neighboring robots without compromising the nominal controller's performance. Compared to traditional barrier function-based optimization controllers, the proposed constructive barrier feedback avoids feasibility issues and results in more computationally efficient control algorithms with systematic equilibrium analysis. Simulations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Collision avoidance

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Short-term load forecasting of building electricity consumption using NARX neural networks model 6

Short-term load forecasting of building electricity consumpt...

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6th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2021

作者： Zuazo, Irati Zapirain Boussaada, Zina Aginako, Naiara Curea, Octavian Camblong, Haritza Sierra, Basilio Faculty of Engeneering of Gipuzkoa Department of Systems Engineering and Control Plaza de Europa 1 Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain Univ. Bordeaux ESTIA INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY BidartF-64210 France Faculty of Engeneering of Gipuzkoa Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Plaza de Europa 1 Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901122

Electric grid, as we nowadays know it, is undergoing a significant transformation. What we are now witnessing is an undoubted change of trend towards a decentralized and decarbonized electric grid, where the electric generation based on local resources will take on special relevance. In this context, the encouragement of collective self-consumption becomes one of the key issues when it comes to taking steps forward to this end. One of the aspects that will contribute to this aim is the development of a consumption-forecasting tool. Hence, a load-forecasting model based on NARX Neural Network is proposed in the following paper. The prediction of the next day (24h) load profile of an individual building is carried out aiming an optimal management of the flexible loads so to achieve the maximum self-consumption. To ensure a consistent behavior of the NARX Neural Network model, identification and removing of outliers, together with data normalization and fixing common time interval has been carried out. The first results of the research are promising, being obtained a 17, 6% MAPE in NARX and 25, 19% with LSTM model, both evaluated during a regular week on winter in adverse conditions. © 2021 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Distributed power generation

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Qualitative Behavior of a Nonlinear Generalized Recursive Sequence with Delay

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Mathematical Problems in engineering 2021年第1期2021卷

作者： Ibrahim, Tarek F. Khan, Abdul Qadeer Ibrahim, Abdelhameed Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad13100 Pakistan Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Difference equations are of growing importance in engineering in view of their applications in discrete time-systems used in association with microprocessors. We will check out the global stability and boundedness for... 详细信息

关键词： Difference equations

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Systematic uncertainty in the analysis of the TA fluorescence detector from fluorescence yield models 38

Systematic uncertainty in the analysis of the TA fluorescenc...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Komori, Kohei Tameda, Yuichiro Sato, Shoma Takagi, Yutaro Kusumori, Yuki Iwagami, Hirai Ogio, Shoichi Fujita, Keitaro Tomida, Takayuki Abbasi, R.U. Abe, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Arimura, R. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cheon, B.G. Chikawa, M. Fedynitch, A. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Furlich, G. Gerber, Z. Globus, N. Hanlon, W. Hayashida, N. He, H. Hibi, R. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwasaki, A. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawakami, S. Kawata, K. Kharuk, I. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Komae, I. Komori, K. Kusumori, Y. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lee, M.J. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.A. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Miyashita, K. Mizuno, K. Mori, M. Murakami, M. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakai, K. Nakamura, T. Nishio, E. Nonaka, T. Ogio, S. Ohoka, H. Okazaki, N. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Onishi, M. Ono, M. Oshima, A. Oshima, H. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Park, K.Y. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rott, C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Saito, R. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sato, D. Sato, K. Sato, S. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shikita, J. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, K. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Udo, S. Urban, F. Vaiman, I.A. Warren, D. Wong, T. Yamazaki, K. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University 18-8 Hastutyo Neyagawa-shi Osaka572-0833 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5 chome 1-5 kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shi Chiba277-0882 Japan Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University 3 chome 1-1 asahi Matsumoto-shi Nagano390-8621 Japan Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL60660 United States Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano380-8554 Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112-0830 United States Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul426-791 Korea Republic of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei City115201 Taiwan Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu400-8511 Japan The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama338-8570 Japan Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo158-8557 Japan Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo337-8570 Japan Graduate School of Engineer

Currently, ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are being measured by the Telescope Array (TA) and Pierre Auger (Auger) experiments. There are differences in the energy spectra measured by TA and Auger. One reason for this difference is systematic uncertainty in the energy determination. The fluorescence yield model, which consists of fluorescence emission efficiencies and spectra, is one of the most significant components of this systematic uncertainty. Fluorescence emission efficiencies and spectra have been measured by various experiments, and different measurements are currently used to determine the energy of the TA and Auger experiments. In this study, we estimate the influence of the fluorescence yield model on the systematic uncertainty in the energy determination of the TA fluorescence detector. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Fluorescence

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COHEN-MACAULAY REPRESENTATIONS OF ARTIN-SCHELTER GORENSTEIN ALGEBRAS OF DIMENSION ONE

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Iyama, Osamu Kimura, Yuta Ueyama, Kenta Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguroku Tokyo 153-8914 Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hiroshima Institute of Technology 2-1-1 Miyake Saeki-ku Hiroshima731-5143 Japan Osaka Central Advanced Mathematical Institute Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka558-8585 Japan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Shinshu University 3-1-1 Asahi Mat-sumoto Nagano390-8621 Japan

The existence of a tilting or silting object is an important feature for an algebraic triangulated category since it gives an equivalence with the derived category of a ring. By applying tilting theory, we study Cohen-Macaulay representations of N-graded Artin-Schelter Gorenstein algebras (formula presented), where do not assume that A0 is a field. This is a large class of noncommutative Gorenstein rings containing Gorenstein orders. In this paper, we concentrate on the case where A has dimension one. Under the assumptions that A is ring-indecomposable and A0 has finite global dimension, we show that the stable category (formula presented) always admits an (explicitly constructed) silting object. We also show that (formula presented) admits a tilting object if and only if either A is Artin-Schelter regular or the average Gorenstein parameter (formula presented) of A is non-positive. These results are far-reaching generalizations of the results of Buchweitz, Iyama, and Yamaura. We give two different proofs of the second result;one is based on Orlov-type semiorthogonal decompositions, and the other is based on a more direct calculation. We apply our results to a Gorenstein tiled order A to prove that CM A is equivalent to the derived category of the incidence algebra of an (explicitly constructed) poset. We also apply our results and Koszul duality to prove that the derived category Db(qgr B) of a smooth noncommutative projective quadric hypersurface qgr B admits an (explicitly constructed) tilting object, which contains the tilting object of CM B due to Smith and Van den Bergh as a direct summand. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Algebra

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Genome degradation promotes Salmonella pathoadaptation by remodeling fimbriae-mediated proinflammatory response

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National science Review 2023年第10期10卷 32-43页

作者： Xiao Zhou Xiamei Kang Jiaqi Chen Yan Song Chenghao Jia Lin Teng Yanting Tang Zhijie Jiang Xianqi Peng Xiaoxi Tao Yiwei Xu Linlin Huang Xuebin Xu Yaohui Xu Tengfei Zhang Shenye Yu Jiansen Gong Shaohui Wang Yuqing Liu Guoqiang Zhu Corinna Kehrenberg Fran?ois-Xavier Weill Paul Barrow Yan Li Guoping Zhao Min Yue Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Department of Microbiology Laboratory Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Division of Bacterial Diseases State Key Laboratory of Veterinary BiotechnologyHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Poultry Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Public Health Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Institute for Veterinary Food Science Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJustus-Liebig University Giessen Institut Pasteur Université Paris Cité Unité des bactéries pathogènes entériques School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey School of Life Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering School of Life SciencesFudan University State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Understanding changes in pathogen behavior(*** virulence,a shift in transmission channel) is critical for the public health management of emerging infectious *** degradation via gene depletion or inactivation is recognized as a pathoadaptive feature of the pathogen evolving with the ***,little is known about the exact role of genome degradation in affecting pathogenic behavior,and the underlying molecular detail has yet to be *** large-scale global avian-restricted Salmonella genomes spanning more than a century,we projected the genetic diversity of Salmonella Pullorum(bvSP)by showing increasingly antimicrobial-resistant ST92 prevalent in Chinese *** phylogenomic analysis identified three lineages in bvSP,with an enhancement of virulence in the two recently emerged lineages(L2/L3),as evidenced in chicken and embryo infection ***,the ancestor L1 lineage resembles the Salmonella serovars with higher metabolic flexibilities and more robust environmental tolerance,indicating stepwise evolutionary trajectories towards avian-restricted ***-genome analysis pinpointed fimbrial degradation from a virulent *** later engineeredfim-deletion mutant,and all other five fimbrial systems,revealed behavior switching that restricted horizontal fecal-oral transmission but boosted virulence in *** depleting fimbrial appendages,bvSP established persistent replication with less proinflammation in chick macrophages and adopted vertical transovarial transmission,accompanied by ever-increasing intensification in the poultry ***,we uncovered a previously unseen paradigm for remodeling bacterial surface appendages that supplements virulence-enhanced evolution with increased vertical transmission.

关键词： Salmonella host adaptation pathogenic evolution virulence evolution vertical transmission fimbrial adhesin

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Teleoperation of Humanoid Robots: A Survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Darvish, Kourosh Penco, Luigi Ramos, Joao Cisneros, Rafael Pratt, Jerry Yoshida, Eiichi Ivaldi, Serena Pucci, Daniele Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence Center for Robotics and Intelligent Systems Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition 40 S Alcaniz St PensacolaFL32502 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Department of Information Technology and Human Factors Tsukuba Japan Inria Loria Université de Lorraine CNRS Nancy France Department of Applied Electronics Faculty of Advanced Engineering Tokyo University of Science Japan

Teleoperation of humanoid robots enables the integration of the cognitive skills and domain expertise of humans with the physical capabilities of humanoid robots. The operational versatility of humanoid robots makes them the ideal platform for a wide range of applications when teleoperating in a remote environment. However, the complexity of humanoid robots imposes challenges for teleoperation, particularly in unstructured dynamic environments with limited communication. Many advancements have been achieved in the last decades in this area, but a comprehensive overview is still missing. This survey paper gives an extensive overview of humanoid robot teleoperation, presenting the general architecture of a teleoperation system and analyzing the different components. We also discuss different aspects of the topic, including technological and methodological advances, as well as potential applications. A web-based version of the paper can be found at https://***/. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Remote control

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Recent Advancements in Solid State Transformer-based EV Fast Charging Stations

Recent Advancements in Solid State Transformer-based EV Fast...

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International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive systems (PEDS)

作者： Ruvini De Seram Anindita Golder Sheldon S. Williamson Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Ontario Tech University Oshawa ON Canada Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory Ontario Tech University Oshawa ON Canada Ontario Tech-Automotive Center of Excellence (ACE) Ontario Tech University Oshawa ON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Ontario Tech University Oshawa ON Canada

Growing deployments of ultra fast charging stations (XFCS) are putting a stress on the existing line-frequency transformer (LFT)-based medium voltage (MV) grid due to the high charging demands of exponentially growing electric vehicles (EV). The conventional LFT occupies a large space in the XFCS installation which introduces challenges in facilitating the XFCS infrastructure. As a result, solid-state transformer (SST)-based XFCS are being developed which can be directly connected to the MV grid and several advantages over LFT-based systems such as compactness, intelligence and availability of the DC link to connect renewable energy sources and storage system can be realized. As such, a detailed analysis of current developments in SST-based XFCS is presented and compared with one another in this paper. The challenges associated with the configurations are examined and direction for future research is identified.

关键词：

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Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the 2nd knee region with the TALE-SD array 38

Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the 2nd kne...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Komae, Ichiro Abbasi, R.U. Abe, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Arimura, R. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cheon, B.G. Chikawa, M. Fedynitch, A. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Furlich, G. Gerber, Z. Globus, N. Hanlon, W. Hayashida, N. He, H. Hibi, R. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwasaki, A. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawachi, Y. Kawakami, S. Kawata, K. Kharuk, I. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Komae, I. Komori, K. Kusumori, Y. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lee, M.J. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.A. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Miyashita, K. Mizuno, K. Mori, M. Murakami, M. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakahara, M. Nakai, K. Nakamura, T. Nishio, E. Nonaka, T. Ogio, S. Ohoka, H. Okazaki, N. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Onishi, M. Ono, M. Oshima, A. Oshima, H. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Park, K.Y. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rott, C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Saito, R. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sato, D. Sato, K. Sato, S. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shikita, J. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, K. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Udo, S. Urban, F. Vaiman, I.A. Warren, D. Wong, T. Yamazaki, K. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka558-8585 Japan Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL60660 United States Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano380-8554 Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112-0830 United States Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul426-791 Korea Republic of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei City115201 Taiwan Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu400-8511 Japan The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama338-8570 Japan Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo158-8557 Japan Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo337-8570 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawa-shi Osaka572-8530 Japan Service de Physique Théorique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of Physics Yonsei University Seodaemun-gu Seoul120-749 Korea Republic of Center for Astrophysics and Cosmolog

The Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) experiment observes cosmic rays with 10 atmospheric fluorescence telescopes and an array of 80 surface detectors (SDs) distributed over an area of 21 km2. The SD array consists of 40 SDs spaced at 400 m and 40 SDs spaced at 600 m. One of the goals of TALE-SD is to observe cosmic rays with energies down to 1016.5 eV to resolve the origin of the second knee and the energy of a galactic-extragalactic transition. The TALE-SD was completed in February 2018 and has been in continuous operation since then. In this work, we present the cosmic ray energy spectrum from the data recorded by the TALE-SD array from October 2nd, 2019 to September 28th, 2022. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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CrowdSim2: an Open Synthetic Benchmark for Object Detectors

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Foszner, Pawel Szczęsna, Agnieszka Ciampi, Luca Messina, Nicola Cygan, Adam Bizon, Bartosz Cogiel, Michal Golba, Dominik Macioszek, Elżbieta Staniszewski, Michal Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland Institute of Information Science and Technologies National Research Council Pisa Italy QSystems.pro sp. z o.o. Mochnackiego 34 Bytom41-907 Poland Blees sp. z o.o. Zygmunta Starego 24a/10 Gliwice44-100 Poland Department of Transport Systems Traffic Engineering and Logistics Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering Silesian University of Technology Katowice Poland

Data scarcity has become one of the main obstacles to developing supervised models based on Artificial Intelligence in Computer Vision. Indeed, Deep Learning-based models systematically struggle when applied in new scenarios never seen during training and may not be adequately tested in non-ordinary yet crucial real-world situations. This paper presents and publicly releases CrowdSim2, a new synthetic collection of images suitable for people and vehicle detection gathered from a simulator based on the Unity graphical engine. It consists of thousands of images gathered from various synthetic scenarios resembling the real world, where we varied some factors of interest, such as the weather conditions and the number of objects in the scenes. The labels are automatically collected and consist of bounding boxes that precisely localize objects belonging to the two object classes, leaving out humans from the annotation pipeline. We exploited this new benchmark as a testing ground for some state-of-the-art detectors, showing that our simulated scenarios can be a valuable tool for measuring their performances in a controlled environment. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Object detection

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