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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Buckland, Isaac Bergman, Douglas Abbasi, R.U. Abe, M. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cady, R. Cheon, B.G. Chiba, J. Chikawa, M. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Fukushima, R. Furlich, G. Gonzalez, R. Hanlon, W. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, N. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inadomi, T. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwakura, H. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawai, H. Kawakami, S. Kawana, S. Kawata, K. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, M.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Kishigami, S. Kubota, Y. Kurisu, S. Kuzmin, V. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Machida, K. Matsumiya, H. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Minamino, M. Mukai, K. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakai, K. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, Y. Nakazawa, A. Nonaka, T. Oda, H. Ogio, S. Ohnishi, M. Ohoka, H. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Ono, M. Onogi, R. Oshima, A. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Sahara, R. Saito, Y. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sano, K. Sato, K. Seki, T. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibasaki, Y. Shibata, F. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Sone, N. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Suzawa, T. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, Y. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanoue, Y. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Udo, S. Uehama, T. Urban, F. Wong, T. Yada, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamazaki, K. Yang, J. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Yoshioka, Y. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Inst. University of Utah Utah United States Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL United States The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Osaka Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu Japan Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako Japan Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawa-shi Osaka Japan Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Chiba Japan Service de Physique ThÃ©orique UniversitÃ© Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Depart

Reconstruction of an EAS seen using non-imaging Cherenkov detectors requires simulating the Cherenkov yield of many EAS’s with given shower parameters. Since Shower Universality parameterizes both the angular distribution and energy distribution of charged particles within a shower, one can calculate the Cherenkov photon yield (at a fixed point) from the Cherenkov cones of electrons. In this work, we compare both the CWLD (Cherenkov Width Lateral Distribution) and arrival time distributions from Cherenkov universality calculations with those from CORSIKA iact (imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope) simulations. Since universality calculations are much less computationally expensive than shower simulation programs like CORSIKA, reconstruction could be accomplished more efficiently using Cherenkov data. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Angular distribution

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Heliocentric Distance Dependence of Zodiacal Light Observed by Hayabusa2#

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tsumura, Kohji Matsuura, Shuji Sano, Kei Iwata, Takahiro Yano, Hajime Kitazato, Kohei Takimoto, Kohji Yamada, Manabu Morota, Tomokatsu Kouyama, Toru Hayakawa, Masahiko Yokota, Yasuhiro Tatsumi, Eri Matsuoka, Moe Sakatani, Naoya Honda, Rie Kameda, Shingo Suzuki, Hidehiko Cho, Yuichiro Yoshioka, Kazuo Ogawa, Kazunori Shirai, Kei Sawada, Hirotaka Sugita, Seiji Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Tokyo City University Tokyo158-8557 Japan Department of Physics School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Hyogo669-1337 Japan Department of Space Systems Engineering School of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka804-8550 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Department of Space and Astronautical Science The Graduate University of Advanced Studies Kanagawa240-0193 Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Aizu Fukushima965-8580 Japan Planetary Exploration Research Center Chiba Institute of Technology Chiba275-0016 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Digital Architecture Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo135-0064 Japan Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias University of La Laguna Tenerife Spain Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki305-8567 Japan Center for Data Science Ehime University Ehime790-8577 Japan Rikkyo University Tokyo171-8501 Japan Meiji University Kanagawa214-8571 Japan Department of Complexity Science and Engineering University of Tokyo Chiba277-8561 Japan JAXA Space Exploration Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Kobe University Hyogo657-8501 Japan

Zodiacal light (ZL) is sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) at optical wavelengths. The spatial distribution of IDPs in the Solar System may hold an important key to understanding the evolution of the Solar System and material transportation within it. The number density of IDPs can be expressed as n(r) ∼ r−α, and the exponent α ∼ 1.3 was obtained by previous observations from interplanetary space by Helios 1/2 and Pioneer 10/11 in the 1970s and 1980s. However, no direct measurements of α based on ZL observations from interplanetary space outside Earth’s orbit have been performed since then. Here, we introduce initial results for the radial profile of the ZL at optical wavelengths observed over the range 0.76-1.06 au by ONC-T aboard the Hayabusa2# mission in 2021-2022. The ZL brightness we obtained is well reproduced by a model brightness, although there is a small excess of the observed ZL brightness over the model brightness at around 0.9 au. The radial power-law index we obtained is α = 1.30 ± 0.08, which is consistent with previous results based on ZL observations. The dominant source of uncertainty arises from the uncertainty in estimating the diffuse Galactic light (DGL). © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Orbits

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Cosmic-ray mass composition with the TA SD 12-year data 37

Cosmic-ray mass composition with the TA SD 12-year data

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Zhezher, Yana Abbasi, R.U. Abe, M. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cady, R. Cheon, B.G. Chiba, J. Chikawa, M. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Fukushima, R. Furlich, G. Gonzalez, R. Hanlon, W. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, N. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inadomi, T. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwakura, H. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawai, H. Kawakami, S. Kawana, S. Kawata, K. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, M.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Kishigami, S. Kubota, Y. Kurisu, S. Kuzmin, V. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Machida, K. Matsumiya, H. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Minamino, M. Mukai, K. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakai, K. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, Y. Nakazawa, A. Nonaka, T. Oda, H. Ogio, S. Ohnishi, M. Ohoka, H. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Ono, M. Onogi, R. Oshima, A. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Sahara, R. Saito, Y. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sano, K. Sato, K. Seki, T. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibasaki, Y. Shibata, F. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Sone, N. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Suzawa, T. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, Y. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanoue, Y. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Udo, S. Uehama, T. Urban, F. Wong, T. Yada, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamazaki, K. Yang, J. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Yoshioka, Y. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Chiba Kashiwa Japan Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Sciences 60-letya Oktyabrya 7a Moscow Russia Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL United States The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Osaka Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu Japan Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako Japan Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawashi Osaka Japan Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Chiba

Telescope Array (TA) is the largest ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) observatory in the Northern Hemisphere. It is dedicated to detect extensive air showers (EAS) in hybrid mode, both by measuring the shower’s longitudinal profile with fluorescence telescopes and their particle footprint on the ground from the surface detector (SD) array. While fluorescence telescopes can measure the most composition-sensitive characteristic of EAS, the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax), they also have the drawback of small duty cycle. This work aims to study the UHECR composition based solely on the surface detector data. For this task, a set of composition-sensitive observables obtained from the SD data is used in a machine-learning method – the Boosted Decision Trees. We will present the results of the UHECR mass composition based on the 12-year data from the TA SD using this technique, and we will discuss of the possible systematics imposed by the hadronic interaction models. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Insight Into Lightning Initiation via Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash Observations at Telescope Array 37

Insight Into Lightning Initiation via Downward Terrestrial G...

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Remington, Jackson Abbasi, R.U. Abe, M. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cady, R. Cheon, B.G. Chiba, J. Chikawa, M. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Fukushima, R. Furlich, G. Gonzalez, R. Hanlon, W. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, N. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inadomi, T. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwakura, H. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawai, H. Kawakami, S. Kawana, S. Kawata, K. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, M.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Kishigami, S. Kubota, Y. Kurisu, S. Kuzmin, V. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Machida, K. Matsumiya, H. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Minamino, M. Mukai, K. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakai, K. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, Y. Nakazawa, A. Nonaka, T. Oda, H. Ogio, S. Ohnishi, M. Ohoka, H. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Ono, M. Onogi, R. Oshima, A. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Sahara, R. Saito, Y. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sano, K. Sato, K. Seki, T. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibasaki, Y. Shibata, F. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Sone, N. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Suzawa, T. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, Y. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanoue, Y. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Udo, S. Uehama, T. Urban, F. Wong, T. Yada, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamazaki, K. Yang, J. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Yoshioka, Y. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. University of Utah 201 President’s Cir. Salt Lake City United States Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL United States The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Osaka Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu Japan Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako Japan Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawashi Osaka Japan Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Chiba Japan Service de Physique ThÃ©orique UniversitÃ© Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of Physics Yonsei Univers

Due to the difficulty of direct measurement of the thunderstorm environment, in particular the electric field strengths, the initial stages of lightning breakdown remain mysterious. The 1994 discovery of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and their implications for megaVolt potentials within thunderclouds has proved to be a valuable source of information about the breakdown process. The Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) — a 700 km2 scintillator array in Western Utah, U.S.A — coupled with a lightning mapping array, fast sferic (field change) sensor and broadband interferometer, has provided unique insight into the properties of this energetic radiation and of lightning initiation in general. In particular, microsecond-scale timing comparisons have clearly established that downward TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) of downward negative cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes. In turn, the IBPs are produced by streamer-based fast negative breakdown. Investigations into downward TGFs with the TASD have significantly evolved with recent upgrades to lightning instrumentation. A second state-of-the-art broadband interferometer allows high-resolution stereo observation of lightning development. A high-speed optical video camera, set to be deployed in Spring 2021, will allow simultaneous observation of the visual component of lightning responsible for TGF production. Finally, a suite of ground based static electric field mills will provide new information on the large-scale properties of the thunderstorms in which downward TGFs arise. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Lightning

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Impact of COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions on diarrheal diseases and zoonotic Salmonella

微生物与宿主健康（英文）

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微生物与宿主健康（英文） 2024年第5期2卷 246-256页

作者： Linlin Huang Haiyang Zhou Jiaqi Chen Chenghao Jia Abubakar Siddique Beibei Wu Haoqiu Wang Biao Tang Fang He Guoping Zhao Min Yue Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal SciencesZhejiangChina Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal SciencesZhejiangChina Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University HainanChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ZhejiangChina Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiangChina Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal SciencesZhejiangChina ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre(TianMu Laboratory) Gaochuang Hi-Tech ParkZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiangChina CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal SciencesZhejiangChina Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University HainanChina Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina

Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been proven effective in reducing the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),but their broader impact on gastrointestinal disorders remains poorly ***,we report an observational analysis and retrospective study that compares the incidence of acute diarrheal diseases in Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,between 2019 and 2020,with an examination of the antimicrobial resistance and genetic spectrum of non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS)from 2015 to 2022,before and during the COVID-19 *** findings underscore that NPIs related to COVID-19 effectively reduced the incidence of acute diarrhea,with a substantial decrease in most enteric ***,NTS exhibited an unexpected *** genomic investigations of NTS isolates re-vealed an overall reduction in antimicrobial-resistant(AMR),disinfection-tolerant,and virulent capabilities,but with marked variations detected between human and animal *** genome-based analysis confirmed a decrease in the scale of zoonotic transmission in response to NPIs,suggesting particular NTS types may contribute to human infections via alternative *** collective findings manifested that COVID-19-related NPIs had a mixed impact on NTS infections,which may inform AMR NTS mitigation policy.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs) non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS) zoonotic transmission

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Challenges and opportunities in the global net-zero building sector

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Cell Reports Sustainability 2024年第8期1卷

作者： Ma, Minda Zhou, Nan Feng, Wei Yan, Jinyue School of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China Faculty of Material Science and Energy Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Building Technology and Urban Systems Division Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA United States Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Kowloon China

Buildings worldwide, which represent the final piece to be addressed in the transition to carbon neutrality, require a multisectoral, comprehensive strategy for decarbonization. We provide an overview of the current global status and features of carbon emissions associated with buildings, then outline pathways and steps to achieving carbon neutrality by mid-century. By synergizing technical innovation, encompassing advanced building technologies and renewable energy solutions, with robust financial support mechanisms, we can expedite the widespread adoption of building electrification and energy system decarbonization. This integrated approach stands as the most practical and effective strategy for decarbonizing building operations. Vital measures for reducing embodied carbon include constraining the building stock growth, decarbonizing materials, and extending building lifetimes. We emphasize the importance of raising awareness of building carbon emissions among governments, residents, and other stakeholders. Understanding the challenges and the urgent need for action is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality in the building sector. © 2024

关键词： building decarbonization strategy carbon neutrality clean construction decarbonized materials end-use efficiency GLOBE database renewable power integration

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Statistical analysis into the drivers behind relativistic electron precipitation events observed by CALET on the International Space Station 38

Statistical analysis into the drivers behind relativistic el...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Ficklin, A.W. Bruno, A. Blum, L. de Nolfo, G.A. Guzik, T.G. Kataoka, R. Remya, B. Vidal-Luengo, S. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto Uni

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the International Space Station in 2015, provides more than 7 years of continuous observation of the radiation environment at low earth orbit. Using this dataset, we present a method for the detection and categorization of MeV relativistic electron precipitation (REP) events. From this catalog we identify a subset of a few hundred REP events observed at times where CALET is in magnetic conjunction with the Van Allen probes. These conjugate measurements enable studies of associated plasma wave data from RBSPA/B and potential drivers for MeV electron precipitation. We show that roughly 10 percent of the observed REP events are associated with enhanced electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave activity, suggesting that waves can play a significant role in driving MeV electron precipitation. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cyclotron radiation

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The impact of TiO 2 nanostructures on the physical properties and electrical performance of organic solar cells based on PTB7:PC 71 BM bulk heterojunctions

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 42卷 1921-1927页

作者： Naser Al-Shekaili Suhairul Hashim Fahmi F. Muhammadsharif M.Z. Al-Abri Khaulah Sulaiman Mohd Y. Yahya Mohd Ridzuan Ahmed Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Health Koya University Koya 44023 Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq Nanotechnology Research Centre Sultan Qaboos University PO Box 17 PC 123 SQU Al Khoudh Oman Department of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University PO Box 33 PC 123 SQU Al Khoudh Oman Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM) Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia Department of Control and Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia

Hybrid organic solar cells based on pairs of donor and acceptor materials offer enhanced light absorption width and surface morphology. In order to investigate the role of introducing metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and thermal annealing on the optical, structural and morphological behaviours of the active layer polymers’ [poly([4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}):[6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC 71 BM), thin films with and without the addition of 10% TiO 2 nanoparticles (NP) were prepared and characterized. Ultraviolet–Visible- Near-infrared (UV–Vis-NIR) Spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the thin films. Results show that incorporation of the TiO 2 (NPs) with annealing treatment of the thin films enhanced the optical absorption and crystallinity of the PTB7:PC 71 BM blend. The device based on PTB7:PC 71 BM showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.6%. The incorporation of 10%-TiO 2 into the PTB7:PC 71 BM blend leads to a sharp drop in PCE (0.08%).

关键词： Hybrid solar cells Organic solar cells (OSCs) PTB7:PC 71 BM:TiO 2 Surface morphology J-V characteristic

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Search for EeV photon–induced events at the Telescope Array 38

Search for EeV photon–induced events at the Telescope Array

引用

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Kharuk, I. Rubtsov, G. Kuznetsov, M. Abbasi, R.U. Abe, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Arai, Y. Arimura, R. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Buckland, I. Cheon, B.G. Chikawa, M. Fedynitch, A. Fujii, T. Fujisue, K. Fujita, K. Fujiwara, R. Fukushima, M. Furlich, G. Gerber, Z. Globus, N. Hanlon, W. Hayashida, N. He, H. Hibi, R. Hibino, K. Higuchi, R. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Iwasaki, A. Jeong, H.M. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kasami, S. Kawakami, S. Kawata, K. Kharuk, I. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.W. Kimura, Y. Komae, I. Komori, K. Kusumori, Y. Kuznetsov, M. Kwon, Y.J. Lee, K.H. Lee, M.J. Lubsandorzhiev, B. Lundquist, J.P. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J.A. Matthews, J.N. Mayta, R. Miyashita, K. Mizuno, K. Mori, M. Murakami, M. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakai, K. Nakamura, T. Nishio, E. Nonaka, T. Ogio, S. Ohoka, H. Okazaki, N. Oku, Y. Okuda, T. Omura, Y. Onishi, M. Ono, M. Oshima, A. Oshima, H. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Park, K.Y. Potts, M. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rodriguez, D.C. Rott, C. Rubtsov, G.I. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Saito, R. Sakaki, N. Sako, T. Sakurai, N. Sato, D. Sato, K. Sato, S. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shikita, J. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shinto, D. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, K. Takamura, M. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsuda, R. Tsunesada, Y. Udo, S. Urban, F. Vaiman, I.A. Warren, D. Wong, T. Yamazaki, K. Yashiro, K. Yoshida, F. Zhezher, Y. Zundel, Z. Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences 60th anniversary of October Avenue 7a Moscow117312 Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Lane 9 Dolgoprudny141700 Russia Laboratory of Cosmology and Elementary Particle Physics Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk630090 Russia Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL60660 United States Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Nagano380-8554 Japan High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112-0830 United States Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan Department of Physics The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul426-791 Korea Republic of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei City115201 Taiwan Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu400-8511 Japan The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama338-8570 Japan Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo158-8557 Japan Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Minato-ku Tokyo337-8570 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawa-shi Osaka57

We report on the updated results on the search for photon-like-induced events in the data, collected by Telescope Array’s Surface Detectors during the last 14 years. In order to search for photon-like-induced events, we trained a neural network on Monte-Carlo simulated data to distinguish between the proton-induced and photon-induced air showers. Both reconstructed composition-sensitive parameters and raw signals registered by the Surface Detectors are used as input data for the neural network. The classification threshold was optimized to provide the strongest possible constraint on the photons’ flux. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Telescopes

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The impact of irrational behaviours in the optional prisoner’s dilemma with game-environment feedback

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Stella, Leonardo Bauso, Dario Department of Computing College of Science & Engineering University of Derby United Kingdom Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control ENTEG Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Netherlands Dipartimento di Ingegneria University of Palermo Italy

In the optional prisoner’s dilemma (OPD), players can choose to cooperate and defect as usual, but can also abstain as a third possible strategy. This strategy models the players’ participation in the game and is a relevant aspect in many settings, e.g. social networks or opinion dynamics where abstention is an option during an election. In this paper, we provide a formulation of the OPD where we consider irrational behaviours in the population inspired by prospect theory. Prospect theory has gained increasing popularity in recent times thanks to its ability to capture aspects such as reference dependence or loss aversion which are common in human behaviour. This element is original in our formulation of the game and is incorporated in our framework through pairwise comparison dynamics. Recently, the impact of the environment has been studied in the form of feedback on the population dynamics. Another element of novelty in our work is the extension of the game-environment feedback to the OPD in two forms of dynamics, the replicator and the pairwise comparison. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a modelling framework where prospect theory is used to capture irrational behaviours in an evolutionary game with game-environment feedback. Second, we carry out the stability analysis of the system equilibria and discuss the oscillating behaviours arising from the game-environment feedback. Finally, we extend our previous results to the OPD and we discuss the main differences between the model resulting from the replicator dynamics and the one resulting from the pairwise comparison dynamics. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Game theory

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