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Highlights from the CALET observations for 7.5 years on the International Space Station 38

Highlights from the CALET observations for 7.5 years on the ...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Torii, Shoji Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment is a high-energy astroparticle physics mission installed on the International Space Station (ISS). The primary goals of the CALET mission include studying the details of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation, and searching for possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons and dark matter signatures. The CALET experiment is measuring the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (including positrons) to 20 TeV, gamma-rays to 10 TeV and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1,000 TeV. The instrument consists of two layers of segmented plastic scintillators for the identification of cosmic-rays via a measurement of their charge (CHD), a 3 radiation length thick tungsten-scintillating fiber imaging calorimeter (IMC) and a 27 radiation length thick lead-tungstate calorimeter (TASC). The instrument was launched on August 19, 2015 to the ISS and installed on the Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF). Since the start of operations in mid-October, 2015, CALET has been in continuous observation mode over 7.5 years and mainly triggering on high energy (>10 GeV) cosmic-ray showers without any major interruption. The number of triggered events over 10 GeV is nearly 1.86 billion events as of June 30, 2023. Here, we present the highlights of the CALET latest results, including the electron + positron energy spectrum, the spectra of protons and other nuclei, gamma-ray observations, as well as the characterization of on-orbit performance. Some results on the electromagnetic counterpart search for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events and the observations of solar modulation and gamma-ray bursts are also included. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Event-by-Event Analysis for TeV Electron Candidates with CALET on the International Space Station 38

Event-by-Event Analysis for TeV Electron Candidates with CAL...

引用

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Cannady, Nicholas Akaike, Yosui Torii, Shoji Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyot

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a deep electromagnetic calorimeter designed for the measurement of cosmic-ray electrons on the International Space Station. Deployed on the Exposed Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module since August 2015, it observes cosmic-ray electrons with energies up to above 10 TeV and hadrons up to PeV total energies. Above a few TeV, the decrease in the electron flux and increased contamination by protons in the boosted decision tree (BDT) selection introduce challenges to determination of the flux at the highest energies and the search for signatures of nearby accelerators. To address the proton contamination, we apply a dedicated event-by-event analysis to evaluate the likelihood of each candidate event being a real electron or a contaminating proton. In this work, we detail the implementation of the likelihood analysis based on physically motivated shower parameters in the CALET calorimeter. Large simulated electron and proton datasets tailored to the parameters of the observed candidate events are generated and studied to produce a likelihood parameter for the improved rejection of protons. The results are tied to the BDT selection in the flight data analysis and summarized for the currently identified candidate events. Finally, we discuss an expansion of this work presently under development to use BDTs trained specifically for each candidate to provide an additional figure of merit. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Helium flux and its ratio to proton flux in cosmic rays measured with CALET on the International Space Station 38

Helium flux and its ratio to proton flux in cosmic rays meas...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Brogi, Paolo Kobayashi, K. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Ao

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space-based calorimetric instrument, designed to carry out precision measurements of high energy cosmic rays. Installed on the Japanese Experiment Module – Exposed Facility on the ISS, it is collecting data with excellent performance and no significant interruptions since October 2015. We present the results of a direct measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray helium, based on about 6.5 years of collected data. It shows significant deviations from a single power law with a progressive hardening around a few hundred GeV followed by a softening in the multi-TeV region. A measurement of the proton to helium flux ratio is also presented. Thanks to the recent update of the CALET proton flux with higher statistics, the p/He ratio is measured with high precision, extending the energy reach of previous measurements with magnetic spectrometers by more than one order of magnitude. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Measurement of iron cosmic-ray primaries below 10GeV/n by use of the geomagnetic effect with CALET 38

Measurement of iron cosmic-ray primaries below 10GeV/n by us...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Ichimura, M. Kasahara, K. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan Department of Electronic Information Systems Shibaura Institute of Technology 307 Fukasaku Minuma Saitama337-8570 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Kanagawa U

The CALET Calorimeter on the International Space Station(ISS) has previously measured the flux and spectrum of iron cosmic-ray nuclei above 10 GeV/n. In order to extend the measurement to the region below 10 GeV/n, we carry out an analysis to utilize the geomagnetic effect. Cutoff rigidities of cosmic-ray nuclei are calculated for all directions for each observation point in the ISS orbit. The integral spectrum of observed rigidities is then obtained by counting the number of iron nuclei in each bin of cutoff rigidity. The absolute flux and differential spectrum are then calculated by taking the detection efficiencies into account. Here we present the details of the analysis procedure and the iron spectrum below 10 GeV/n. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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The cosmic-ray electron and positron spectrum measured with CALET on the International Space Station 38

The cosmic-ray electron and positron spectrum measured with ...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Akaike, Yosui Torii, Shoji Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Kanagawa Chuo Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) has been collecting data on the International Space Station for more than seven years since October 2015. CALET is an all-calorimetric instrument with a total vertical thickness of 30 radiation lengths and fine imaging capability, optimized for the measurement of the electron and positron (all-electron) spectrum well into the TeV energy region. The observed event statistics have increased more than three times since its last publication about the all-electron spectrum to 4.8 TeV in 2018. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the data analysis effectively rejects background protons, resulting in less than 10% contamination up to the TeV region. The expected systematic errors are investigated. The significance of the cutoff at the TeV region in the energy spectrum, which is expected as a result of radiation loss during propagation, has increased to over 6σ. By observing the detailed structure in the TeV region of the energy spectrum, we will investigate on the presence of possible nearby cosmic-ray sources. In this paper, we will present the updated all-electron spectrum, and briefly discuss its interpretations. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Systematic errors

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Interpretation of the CALET Electron+Positron Spectrum by Astrophysical Sources 38

Interpretation of the CALET Electron+Positron Spectrum by As...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Motz, Holger Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The ISS-based Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is directly measuring the energy spectrum of electron+positron cosmic rays up to 20 TeV. Supernova remnants (SNR) are the most likely astrophysical sources to provide the majority of the electron flux, out of which a few nearby young SNR like Vela are expected to dominate in the TeV-region with potentially detectable spectral signatures. Another expected contribution to the spectrum is from pulsars as a primary positron-electron pair source for explanation of the positron excess. Complementary to the CALET all-electron spectrum, the positron-only spectrum measured by the magnet spectrometer AMS-02 below the TeV range provides detailed information on this component. An interpretation of the CALET and AMS-02 data by overlapping spectra from individual pulsar and SNR point sources is presented, combining sources known from electromagnetic wave observations with further randomly generated ones spread throughout the Galaxy. Based on the study of a large number of samples with randomized source locations and emission spectra parameters, best fitting ranges and constraints for these parameters, as well as predictions for the spectrum beyond the so far measured energy range have been derived. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Pulsars

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Refinement of the High-Energy Gamma-ray Selection for CALET on the International Space Station 38

Refinement of the High-Energy Gamma-ray Selection for CALET ...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Cannady, Nicholas Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a deep electromagnetic calorimeter designed for the measurement of cosmic-ray electrons on the International Space Station. Deployed on the Exposed Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module since August 2015, it observes cosmic-ray electrons with energies up to above 10 TeV and hadrons up to PeV total energies. It is also sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range from 1 GeV to 1 TeV. At energies above 100 GeV, sensitivity is lost in the gamma-ray selection as previously defined. This is due in large part to the contamination of the charge measurement in the CHD (Charge Detector) and the IMC (Imaging Calorimeter) by backscattered particles from the electromagnetic shower in the TASC (Total Absorption Calorimeter). In this work, we implement a revision to the photon selection criteria using a significantly increased simulated dataset, increasing CALET’s exposure at these energies significantly. Furthermore, the allowable geometry for incident photons is expanded and the energy reconstruction revised to tighten the energy resolution for highly inclined tracks. We validate the distributions used for the selection through comparison with real data, evaluate the changes to the instrument response functions, and assess the implications for the flight data analysis of gamma rays with CALET. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Iron and Nickel fluxes measured by CALET on the International Space Station 38

Iron and Nickel fluxes measured by CALET on the Internationa...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Stolzi, Francesco Checchia, Caterina Bigongiari, Gabriele Akaike, Yosui Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorat Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The study of the spectral behavior of heavy cosmic-ray elements may shed light on the details of propagation and acceleration phenomena in our Galaxy. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is measuring the spectra of heavy nuclei up to the highest directly observed energies on the International Space Station. In this contribution, based on the data collected during 7 years of operation, the measurement of the energy dependence of iron and nickel fluxes is presented. With respect to our previous published measurements, the analysis has been extended to a data sample enriched with more than 2.5 (1.5) extra years for iron (nickel). The results of the new analysis are reported together with a detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. In the energy range explored so far, both spectra show a similar shape and energy dependence, suggesting that iron and nickel may follow almost identical acceleration and propagation mechanisms. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Flux ratios of primary elements measured by CALET on the International Space Station 38

Flux ratios of primary elements measured by CALET on the Int...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Checchia, Caterina Stolzi, Francesco Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyot

The study of flux ratios of cosmic-ray primary elements is of particular interest not only to assess the relative abundance of each element, but also to gain a deeper understanding of their propagation in the galaxy. High energy cosmic ray data are the best candidate for this purpose as convection, nuclear decay, and energy degradation can be neglected during their propagation. CALET on the International Space Station has been measuring the flux of several primary elements from proton to nickel for 7 years to date. In this contribution, the flux ratios of heavy primary elements to lighter primaries will be shown, extending the energy range already investigated by previous measurements. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Observational Challenges on the ISS: A Case Study with CALET 38

Observational Challenges on the ISS: A Case Study with CALET

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Cannady, Nicholas Kawakubo, Yuta Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyot

The International Space Station (ISS) provides an orbital platform for astrophysical missions with lower resource requirements than free-flying satellites. The many uses of the ISS, how7 keVever, can produce unique challenges to the accurate analysis of the data acquired by these instruments. In this work, we present effects observed by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), an astroparticle physics mission installed on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility of the ISS. The CALET calorimeter is sensitive to cosmic-ray electrons and gamma rays from 1 GeV up to above 10 TeV, and to cosmic-ray hadrons up to PeV total energies. The CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) is sensitive to X-rays and low-energy gamma rays from 7 keV to 20 MeV. Furthermore, ultra-heavy galactic cosmic-ray (UHGCRs) abundances are measured by CALET using a much more open geometry than is possible for events which shower in the instrument. In this work, we discuss ISS-related issues that affect the observations by CALET. Here we detail the ways these effects are accounted for in the production of scientific results. Finally, the possible impact on future missions such as TIGERISS (Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station;planned for deployment to the ISS in 2026) and mitigation strategies are discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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