Many researchers have studied techniques related to the analysis and synthesis of human heads under motion with face deformations. These techniques can be used for defining low-rate Image compression algorithms (model...
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Many researchers have studied techniques related to the analysis and synthesis of human heads under motion with face deformations. These techniques can be used for defining low-rate Image compression algorithms (model-based image coding), cinema technologies, videophones, as well as for applications of virtual reality, etc. Such techniques need a real-time performance and a strong integration between the mechanisms of motion estimation and those of rendering and animation of the 3D synthetic head/face. In this paper, a complete and integrated system for tracking and synthesizing facial motions in real-time with low-cost architectures is presented. Facial deformations curves represented as spatiotemporal B-splines are used for tracking in order to model the main facial features. In addition, the system proposed is capable of adapting a generic 3D wire-frame model of a head/face to the face that must be tracked;therefore: the simulations of the face deformations are produced by using a realistic patterned face. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited
作者：
Roisin DonnellyJ. G. HughesNIKEL
School of Information Systems Engineering Faculty of Informatics University of Ulster Shore Road Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 OQB UK NIKEL
School of Information Systems Engineering Faculty of Informatics University of Ulster Shore Road Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 OQB UK
This paper discusses the development of ICAS (Interactive Computerised Assessment System). Self-assessment is a very important aspect of this system. As various types of subject material can be explored, series of que...
This paper discusses the development of ICAS (Interactive Computerised Assessment System). Self-assessment is a very important aspect of this system. As various types of subject material can be explored, series of questions are posed to prompt further investigation and reflection on what has been learnt. This will foster the development of a questioning and critical reasoning attitude in students. In the absence of ‘experts’ and pressures of time, the capacity for independent critical thought should be enhanced. ICAS, then, is a student-centred, self-paced learning package with teaching strategies based upon discovery and problem solving. A review of the unique educational aspects of ICAS is given, including a description of the ICAS design, along with a recount of the implementation of ICAS. This shows that ICAS amplifies the learning experience for students and is a significant step forward in CAL.
STM-1 frames are defined to be transmitted every 125 /spl mu/s, which is 8000 frames per second. An administrative unit of type AU-4 may be used to carry, via the virtual container of type VC-4, three tributary units ...
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STM-1 frames are defined to be transmitted every 125 /spl mu/s, which is 8000 frames per second. An administrative unit of type AU-4 may be used to carry, via the virtual container of type VC-4, three tributary units of type TU-32, four of type TU-3, or 44.15 asynchronous transfer mode cells. The section overhead of the STM-1 frame exists between two adjacent multiplexers or regeneration sections. The received payload is assumed to be extracted by the multiplexer and forwarded to the next appropriate outgoing port based on relevant state information. This is obviously a time consuming and unnecessary operation if the cells within the container are not destined for this drop/insert trib. A performance gain could be achieved if the multiplexer can know when to shift an entire container to the east/west without having to extract and examine each individual cell in the payload. This can be achieved by using the current partially defined Z3, Z4 and Z5 bytes of the POH. The Z3 byte to denote unique VCI, Z4 byte to denote unique VPI and Z5 byte to denote that all the payload is for a single destination (to ensure integrity). This paper illustrates the implementation of this approach and the improvements to be gained.
This paper describes a part of the development of an adaptive autonomous machine that is able to move in an unknown world extract knowledge out of the perceived data, has the possibility to reason, and finally has the...
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This paper describes a part of the development of an adaptive autonomous machine that is able to move in an unknown world extract knowledge out of the perceived data, has the possibility to reason, and finally has the capability to exchange experiences and knowledge with other agents. The agent is not pre-programmed by its designer but was given simple rules of life, i.e. what is good and what is bad. By evaluating its sensor inputs these rules of life were transformed into a rule based reactive system. Simulations of the system showed that the agent is able to learn by its own experience. By representing the learned knowledge in an appropriate way, the acquired knowledge could be judged on its effectiveness and also this knowledge could be shared with other, less experienced agents.
This paper describes a part of the development of an adaptive autonomous machine that is able to move in an unknown world extract knowledge out of the perceived data, has the possibility to reason, and finally has the...
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Most of the existing methods for optical how estimation are based on a constraint equation which is defined for each image pixel. This class of algorithms is usually called gradient-based. Due to the structure of the ...
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Most of the existing methods for optical how estimation are based on a constraint equation which is defined for each image pixel. This class of algorithms is usually called gradient-based. Due to the structure of the constraint equation, the problem is ill-posed, thus some solutions based on regularization have been proposed in the past. On the contrary, if other constraint equations can be found for the pixel under consideration or in its immediate neighborhood, the problem is not ill-posed and a solution can be found by solving determined or over-determined systems of equations. Following this reasoning, several algorithms for evaluating the optical how have been proposed in the literature. Most of these over-determined systems of equations are solved by using least-squares techniques. In this paper, a new approach is presented in order to eliminate, or strongly reduce, the drawbacks of least-squares and regularization-based techniques. This is based on a modified version of the Combinatorial Hough Transform. A comparison is made between the results obtained with the new approach and those produced by the classical least-squares and regularization-based techniques. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
The tracking of moving objects in the 3D space for long-term image sequences must be very robust with respect to noise and computational errors. Thus, for example autoregressive, and Newtonian models have been adopted...
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Descriptive software specification techniques are based on mathematical formalism and produce precise, rigorous specifications which are in general to be preferred for the design of reactive systems with respect to op...
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Descriptive software specification techniques are based on mathematical formalism and produce precise, rigorous specifications which are in general to be preferred for the design of reactive systems with respect to operational techniques. Recently, dual languages which tend to integrate these aspects have been investigated. An object-oriented specification dual language, named TROL is presented, it consists in an executable formal specification model which can be used for validation of reactive systems. TROL has the capability to describe the system behavior, its functionality and structural aspects. It allows one to describe the system at different levels of structural abstractions and specification details without boundaries among the specification steps. At each specification level, TROL helps the user in the verification of consistency, thus allowing incremental specification. TROL has a visual representation which has been supported by a CASE tool named TOOMS.< >
One of the most critical issues in many applications of fuzzy sets is the successful evaluation of membership values. A method based on pairwise comparisons provides an interesting way of evaluating membership values....
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In an electronic brainstorming session, experts and users of methods for multi-criteria decision analysis discussed editorial policies for a journal which is confronted with the conflicts between isolated schools of t...
In an electronic brainstorming session, experts and users of methods for multi-criteria decision analysis discussed editorial policies for a journal which is confronted with the conflicts between isolated schools of thought. The present paper describes the session and highlights how experts in multi-criteria decision analysis view the applications of their own methods on their own decision problems.
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