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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Underlying rules of evolutionary urban systems in Africa

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2025年 1-9页

作者： Gang Xu Mengyan Zhu Limin Jiao Bin Chen Peng Gong Muhammad Salem Zhibang Xu Patrick Brandful Cobbinah Xuecao Li Neema Simon Sumari Xiaoling Zhang School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China Future Urbanity and Sustainable Environment (FUSE) Lab Division of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Urban Systems Institute The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning Cairo University Giza Egypt Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China College of Natural and Applied Sciences (CoNAS) Department of Informatics and Information Technology Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Real Estate and Construction Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Sustainability X-Lab The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Africa is set to drive future global urbanization, yet the evolution of its urban systems remains underexplored. Here we show this evolution during 1950–2020 using three urban system rules based on a unified urban definition across the African continent. Zipf’s law quantified increasing population concentration in large cities, leading to a shift from dispersed to centralized city-size distributions. As Gibrat’s law predicted, urban population growth was independent of its initial size since the 1990s. Relative growth among different-sized cities changed urban hierarchy, thus the integration of Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws uncovered imbalances in urban system structures. The third rule we focus on is the scaling law, where unexpected super-linear scaling relationships between built-up areas and population size indicated lower land-use efficiency in large cities, particularly in Eastern and Western Africa. However, the overall decline in built-up scaling exponents over time suggested improving economies of scale as urban systems matured. This study evidenced simple rules behind complex urban systems that help us understand broader urban complexities and urbanization dynamics.

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Why is the Winner the Best?

Why is the Winner the Best?

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： M. Eisenmann A. Reinke V. Weru M. D. Tizabi F. Isensee T. J. Adler S. Ali V. Andrearczyk M. Aubreville U. Baid S. Bakas N. Balu S. Bano J. Bernal S. Bodenstedt A. Casella V. Cheplygina M. Daum M. De Bruijne A. Depeursinge R. Dorent J. Egger D. G. Ellis S. Engelhardt M. Ganz N. Ghatwary G. Girard P. Godau A. Gupta L. Hansen K. Harada M. Heinrich N. Heller A. Hering A. Huaulmé P. Jannin A. E. Kavur O. Kodym M. Kozubek J. Li H. Li J. Ma C. Martín-Isla B. Menze A. Noble V. Oreiller N. Padoy S. Pati K. Payette T. Rädsch J. Rafael-Patiño V. Singh Bawa S. Speidel C. H. Sudre K. Van Wijnen M. Wagner D. Wei A. Yamlahi M. H. Yap C. Yuan M. Zenk A. Zia D. Zimmerer D. Aydogan B. Bhattarai L. Bloch R. Brüngel J. Cho C. Choi Q. Dou I. Ezhov C. M. Friedrich C. Fuller R. R. Gaire A. Galdran Á. García Faura M. Grammatikopoulou S. Hong M. Jahanifar I. Jang A. Kadkhodamohammadi I. Kang F. Kofler S. Kondo H. Kuijf M. Li M. Luu T. Martinčič P. Morais M. A. Naser B. Oliveira D. Owen S. Pang J. Park S. Park S. Płotka E. Puybareau N. Rajpoot K. Ryu N. Saeed A. Shephard P. Shi D. Štepec R. Subedi G. Tochon H. R. Torres H. Urien J. L. Vilaça K. A. Wahid H. Wang J. Wang L. Wang X. Wang B. Wiestler M. Wodzinski F. Xia J. Xie Z. Xiong S. Yang Y. Yang Z. Zhao K. Maier-Hein P. F. Jäger A. Kopp-Schneider L. Maier-Hein Division of Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Sierre Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Computer Science Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) University College London London UK Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Division of Translational Surgical Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology and Nuc

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multicenter study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and post-processing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Single trial ERP amplitudes reveal the time course of acquiring representations of novel faces in individual participants

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sommer, Werner Stapor, Katarzyna Kończak, Grzegorz Kotowski, Krzysztof Fabian, Piotr Ochab, Jeremi Bereś, Anna Ślusarczyk, Grażyna Humboldt-University at Berlin Department of Psychology Germany Silesian University of Technology Institute of Computer Science Gliwice Poland University of Economics in Katowice Department of Statistics Econometrics and Mathematics Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Applied Informatics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Algorithmics and Software Gliwice Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Theory of Complex Systems Krakow Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics Krakow Poland Jagiellonian University Department of Design and Computer Graphics Krakow Poland Institut für Psychologie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Rudower Chaussee 18 Berlin12489 Germany Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Applied Informatics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland

The neural correlates of face individuation – the acquisition of memory representations for novel faces – have been studied only in coarse detail and disregarding individual differences between learners. In their seminal study, (Tanaka, Curran, Porterfield, & Collins, 2006) required the identification of a particular novel face across 70 trials and found that the N250 component in the ERP became more negative from the first to the second half of the experiment, where it reached a similar amplitude as a well-known face. We were unable to directly replicate this finding in our study when we used the original spilt of trials. However, when we applied a different split of trials we observed very similar changes in N250 amplitude. Then, we developed and applied a new two-step explorative-confirmative non-parametric method based on permutation testing to determine the time course of face individuation in individual participants based on single trial N250 amplitudes. We show that the assumption of a steep initial increase of N250 amplitude across multiple presentations of the target face, followed by a plateau, yields plausible results in fitting linear trends for most participants. The transition point from initial acquisition to the plateau phase differed strongly between participants and tended to be earlier when performance in target face recognition was better. Hence, face individuation may be accounted for by a biphasic process of early, fast acquisition, followed by a slower, asymptotic consolidation or maintenance phase. The current approach might be fruitfully applied to further investigations into face individuation and their neural correlates. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Face recognition

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Computational Approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances Intheory, Applications and Trends

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Górriz, Juan Manuel Álvarez-Illán, I. Álvarez-Marquina, A. Arco, J.E. Atzmueller, M. Ballarini, F. Barakova, E. Bologna, G. Bonomini, P. Castellanos-Dominguez, G. Castillo-Barnes, D. Cho, S.B. Contreras, R. Cuadra, J.M. Domínguez, E. Domínguez-Mateos, F. Duro, R.J. Elizondo, D. Fernández-Caballero, A. Fernandez-Jover, E. Formoso, M.A. Gallego-Molina, N.J. Gamazo, J. García González, J. Garcia-Rodriguez, J. Garre, C. Garrigós, J. Gómez-Rodellar, A. Gómez-Vilda, P. Graña, M. Guerrero-Rodriguez, B. Hendrikse, S.C.F. Jimenez-Mesa, C. Jodra-Chuan, M. Julian, V. Kotz, G. Kutt, K. Leming, M. de Lope, J. Macas, B. Marrero-Aguiar, V. Martinez, J.J. Martinez-Murcia, F.J. Martínez-Tomás, R. Mekyska, J. Nalepa, G.J. Novais, P. Orellana, D. Ortiz, A. Palacios-Alonso, D. Palma, J. Pereira, A. Pinacho-Davidson, P. Pinninghoff, M.A. Ponticorvo, M. Psarrou, A. Ramírez, J. Rincón, M. Rodellar-Biarge, V. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, I. Roelofsma, P.H.M.P. Santos, J. Salas-Gonzalez, D. Salcedo-Lagos, P. Segovia, F. Shoeibi, A. Silva, M. Simic, D. Suckling, J. Treur, J. Tsanas, A. Varela, R. Wang, S.H. Wang, W. Zhang, Y.D. Zhu, H. Zhu, Z. Ferrández-Vicente, J.M. SiPBA at Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Granada Spain University of Granada Granada Spain Dept. of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Dept. of Communications Engineering University of Malaga Malaga Spain School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Semantic Information Systems Group Osnabrück University Osnabrück Germany Osnabrück Germany Dept. of Electronics Computer Technology and Projects Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Cartagena Spain Universitat Politècnica de València València Spain Institute of Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering University of Murcia Murcia Spain Dept. of Computer Science and Information Technologies University of A Coruña A Coruña Spain Dept. of Computer Science University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain Buenos Aires Argentina Buenos Aires Argentina Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands Dept. of Computer Science University of Malaga Malaga Spain De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom Dept. of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Neurocognition and Emotion Research Unit Albacete Research Institute of Informatics University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete Spain Dept. of Educational Informatics Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Madrid Spain Dept. of Humanistic Studies University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Campus de Móstoles Móstoles Madrid28933 Spain Neuromorphic Speech Processing Lab Center for Biomedical Technology Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid28223 Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid28016 Spain Usher Institute Faculty o

Groundbreaking advances in theoretical and applied Artificial Intelligence (AI). DL algorithms are groundedin non-linear and complex artificial neural systems that progressively extract higher-level features from *** is frequently compared with human-level performance in real-world tasks, such as clinical diagnostics. Itis also a turning point in solving otherwise intractable problems in the design of virtual agents or robotics;orin providing novel insight into disease progress in genomics and Neuroimaging (NI), understanding humanbrain function, the automation of industrial processes based on computer vision, and so on. In this paper, themost relevant advances from the last few years in AI and several applications to neuroscience, neuroimaging,computer vision, and robotics are presented, reviewed and discussed. In this way, we summarize the state-ofthe-art in AI methods, models and applications within a collection of works presented at the 9th InternationalConference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation (IWINAC). The works presentedin this paper are excellent examples of new scientific discoveries made in laboratories that are successfullytransferred to real-life applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neuroimaging

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Historical tree phenology data reveal the seasonal rhythms of the Congo Basin rainforest

Plant-Environment Interactions

引用

Plant-Environment Interactions 2024年第2期5卷 e10136页

作者： Kearsley, Elizabeth Verbeeck, Hans Stoffelen, Piet Janssens, Steven B. Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo Kosmala, Margaret De Mil, Tom Bauters, Marijn Kitima, Elasi Ramanzani Ndiapo, José Mbifo Chuda, Adelard Lonema Richardson, Andrew D. Wingate, Lisa Ilondea, Bhély Angoboy Beeckman, Hans van den Bulcke, Jan Boeckx, Pascal Hufkens, Koen Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium BlueGreen Labs Melsele Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium Department of Biology Leuven Plant Institute KULeuven Leuven Belgium UGent-Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology) Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium Service of Wood Biology Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium Faculté de gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables Université de Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic Congo Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States CIBO Technologies Cambridge MA United States Forest is Life TERRA Teaching and Research Centre Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech University of Liège Gembloux Belgium Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University Gent Belgium Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques-INERA Yangambi Democratic Republic Congo Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ United States INRAE UMR ISPA Villenave d'Ornon France Institut National pour l'Étude et la Recherche Agronomiques Kinshasa Democratic Republic Congo

Tropical forest phenology directly affects regional carbon cycles, but the relation between species-specific and whole-canopy phenology remains largely uncharacterized. We present a unique analysis of historical tropical tree phenology collected in the central Congo Basin, before large-scale impacts of human-induced climate change. Ground-based long-term (1937–1956) phenological observations of 140 tropical tree species are recovered, species-specific phenological patterns analyzed and related to historical meteorological records, and scaled to characterize stand-level canopy dynamics. High phenological variability within and across species and in climate–phenology relationships is observed. The onset of leaf phenophases in deciduous species was triggered by drought and light availability for a subset of species and showed a species-specific decoupling in time along a bi-modal seasonality. The majority of the species remain evergreen, although central African forests experience relatively low rainfall. Annually a maximum of 1.5% of the canopy is in leaf senescence or leaf turnover, with overall phenological variability dominated by a few deciduous species, while substantial variability is attributed to asynchronous events of large and/or abundant trees. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for constituent signals in canopy-wide scaling and the interpretation of remotely sensed phenology signals. © 2024 The Authors. Plant-Environment Interactions published by New Phytologist Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： leaf senescence leaf turnover phenology scaling tropical forest

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Physical properties of yellow natural moroccan dye 21

Physical properties of yellow natural moroccan dye

引用

21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2019

作者： Anoua, R. Wisniewski, K. Jouad, M. El Touhtouh, S. Plociennik, P. Hajjaji, A. Bakasse, M. Sahraoui, B. Zawadzka, A. Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy National School of Applied Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida Morocco Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziądzka 5 TorunPL 87-100 Poland Department of Automatic and Measurement Systems Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziądzka 5 TorunPL 87-100 Poland Laboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment Faculty of Science Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida Morocco Institute of Sciences and Molecular Technologies of Angers MOLTECH Anjou UMR CNRS 6200 Molecular Interaction Nonlinear Optics and Structuring MINOS 2 bd Lavoisier Angers cedex249045 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781728127798

The thin films of yellow naturel Moroccan dye were prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique. The deposit at different thicknesses has been taken into account in the physical properties analysis. The influence of the thickness on the optical and structural properties of the prepared layer was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and AFM measurements. We found that the material has a strong luminescence and its intensity of luminescence shift with changing thickness. Also, the intensity changes with time of photoluminescence. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Fluorescence spectroscopy

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Direct observation of layer-stacking and oriented wrinkles in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Lingxiu Elibol, Kenan Cai, Haifang Jiang, Chengxin Shi, Wenhao Chen, Chen Wang, Hui Shan Wang, Xiujun Mu, Xiaojing Li, Chen Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Guo, Yufeng Meyer, Jannik C. Wang, Haomin State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna1090 Austria School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology Systems Ministry of Education International R & D Center of Micro-Nano Systems New Materials Technology Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China University of Antwerp Antwerp2020 Belgium National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Institute for Applied Physics and Natural Medical Sciences Institute University of Tübingen Tübingen72076 Germany

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has long been recognized as an ideal substrate for electronic devices due to its dangling-bond-free surface, insulating nature and thermal/chemical stability. These properties of the h-BN multilayer are mainly determined by its lattice structure. Therefore, to analyse the lattice structure and orientation of h-BN crystals becomes important. Here, the stacking order and wrinkles of h-BN are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is experimentally confirmed that the layers in the h-BN flakes are arranged in the AA′ stacking. The wrinkles in a form of threefold network throughout the h-BN crystal are oriented along the armchair direction, and their formation mechanism was further explored by molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings provide a deep insight about the microstructure of h-BN and shed light on the structural design/electronic modulations of two-dimensional crystals. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Cloud infrastructures protection technique based on virtual machines live migration 8

Cloud infrastructures protection technique based on virtual ...

引用

8th International Conference Advanced Computer Information Technologies, ACIT 2018

作者： Fesl, Jan Gokhale, Vineet Doležalová, Marie Cehák, Jiří Janeček, Jan Institute of Applied Informatics Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31a České Budějovice Czech Republic Department of Computer Systems Faculty of Information Technology Czech Technical University in Prague Thákurova 6 Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9789666544899

Cloud computing and virtualization are very popular research areas of the last years. The rising count of running virtual machines brings new opportunities for the malware or intrusion tools. Nowadays, there exist various ways how to detect the potential attack activities. Our paper evaluates such techniques and provides an efficient solution how to link the anomality detectors and hypervisors. This solution provides the way how to eliminate the problems without having to shutdown the running virtual machines. Copyright © 2018 for the individual papers by the papers'authors.

关键词： Virtual machine

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