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Antagonism of Trichoderma asperellum against Phytophthora megakarya and its potential to promote cacao growth and induce biochemical defence

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Mycology 2017年第2期8卷 84-92页

作者： Tchameni, Severin Nguemezi Sameza, Modeste Lambert O’donovan, Anthonia Fokom, Raymond Mangaptche Ngonkeu, Eddy Léonard Wakam Nana, Louise Etoa, F. Nwaga, D. Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Life and Physical Sciences School of Science and Computing Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology Galway Ireland Institute of Fisheries Science (Yabassi) University of Douala Douala Cameroon Regional Laboratory of Biological Control and Applied Microbiology Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Soil Microbiology Laboratory Biotechnology Centre University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This work aimed to assess the antagonism effects of four different Trichoderma asperellum isolates against Phytophthora megakarya and their ability to enhance cacao growth and biochemical defence. Results showed that In paired culture, all the isolates of T. asperellum used were antagonistic to P. megakarya by means of mycoparasitism. In pot experiments, leaf number, plant height, shoots and root dry matter were significantly increased by T. asperellum. Similarly, chlorophyll rate, P uptake and acid phosphatase activities were also increased. These antagonists reduced significantly the effects of P. megakarya in the leaves of cacao plants. Amino acid and phenolic components content increased in either healthy or infected leaves from cacao plants inoculated with T. asperellum. There was negative correlation between both phenolic compounds and disease severity and amino acids and disease severity. This suggests that these compounds are involved in disease resistance. In fact, the induction of specific amino acids such as alanine, glutamic acid and methionine may play an important role in the adaptation of cacao plant to P. megakarya infection. These findings demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum (PR10, PR11, PR12 and PR659-7) could be used to improve the development of cacao plants and protect the plant against Phytophthora megakarya. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： cacao plant Phytophthora megakarya plant defence Trichoderma asperellum

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STRATEGIC control OF MOBILE ROBOTS

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 127-131页

作者： Bohumil Horak Vaclav Snasel VŜB – Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Measurement and Control VŜB – Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Computer Science

We have developed a method of representing robotic soccer game. This representation is used for controlling robots playing soccer. Our approach to robot soccer is to view it as a local interaction game, which reduces the need for centralized control. In this paper we describe both hardware and software implementation that is used by robots. Virtual grid is described. The virtual grid is much more efficient than representation of game using natural coordinates of robots. This representation can be efficiently used for a description of game strategies, which can be directly used for a faster control of robots. We also show how a can be learned and illustrate our approach using the latent semantic analysis. Strategy learning is important both for developing successful players and also for discovering strategies of the opponent team.

关键词： Robots Game theory Image analysis Autonomous mobile robots Robot navigation

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An Experimental Study on Generating Energy Optimal Trajectories for Redundant Manipulators Using Inverse Dynamics

An Experimental Study on Generating Energy Optimal Trajector...

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2015 International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering(AMME 2015)

作者： Kagan Koray AYTEN Mehmet Necip SAHINKAYA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing Kingston University

This paper presents an optimization technique to develop minimum energy consumption trajectories for redundant/hyper-redundant manipulators with pre-defined kinematic and dynamic constraints. The actuator torques is considered for the formulation of the cost function for the simulation study. For the experimental work, the measured current flow of the each actuator is utilized. Calculation of the cost function is carried out by using an inverse dynamic analysis. The optimization technique presents two novel methods. Firstly, a simple but effective constraint handling method is presented. The system's kinematic and dynamics constraints are handled in a sequential manner within the cost function to avoid running the inverse dynamics when the constraints are not satisfied. Thus, the complexity and computational effort of the optimization algorithm is reduced. Secondly, a novel virtual link concept is introduced to replace all the redundant links to eliminate physical impossible configurations before running the inverse dynamic model.

关键词： Optimum trajectory planning Energy minimization Constraint handling Redundant manipulators

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Medical image segmentation techniques for virtual endoscopy

Medical image segmentation techniques for virtual endoscopy

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作者： Szilágyi, László Benyó, Balázs Szilágyi, Sándor M. Benyó, Zoltán Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary Faculty of Technical and Human Science Sapientia - Hungarian Science University of Transylvania Târgu Mureş Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661180

Virtual endoscopes give internal views of the human body without penetrating it, based on a set of parallel cross-sections produced with any computer tomography method. This paper presents some ideas concerning the design and implementation of a software system, which acts like a virtual endoscope. It takes into account the general requirements of the system, gives a solution that uses a multi-step algorithm, and finally shows the resulting 3-D images. Most of the algorithmic steps have several possible solutions. Our virtual endoscope establishes 3-D internal views based on sets of 2-D slices, which originate from magnetic resonance imaging devices. The chain of the applied image processing methods consists of the followings: (1) Adequate pre-filtering to eliminate the low-frequency intensity non-uniformity (INU) artifact, and high-frequency "salt-and-pepper" disturbances;(2) Segmentation of the stack of MRI slices using an enhanced fuzzy C-means algorithm;(3) 3-D surface recovery algorithm based on level set methods and fast marching methods;(4) Interactive visualization using modern computer graphics technologies, providing the possibility to measure distances, areas, volumes as well. The quality of service provided by the chosen method mainly depends on the resolution of input images. Copyright © 2006 IFAC.

关键词： Image segmentation

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control of group of robots

Control of group of robots

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作者： Wagner, Petr Kordas, Jan Michna, Viktor Kotzian, Jiri Department of Measurement and Control Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15 Ostrava-Poruba 708 33 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781424473359

This paper describes the design of the solution of the 3rd generation of the robot-soccer strategy system for the VŠB-TU Ostrava robot-soccer team. In this generation, we tried to completely redesign our system, implement and evaluate new, popular or advanced technologies. We divided the strategy system into two parts: the higher strategy, which makes decisions about the robots' goals, and the lower strategy, which controls the motion of the robot. The motion control is based on computing and following of trajectory. Higher strategies are built on evaluation, recognition, and performance of user defined scenarios. An additional part of the system, - the manual computer-assisted control of robots - is also described.

关键词： Motion control

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Medical image segmentation for virtual endoscopy

Medical image segmentation for virtual endoscopy

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作者： Szilágyi, László Benyó, Zoltán Szilágyi, Sándor M. Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary Faculty of Technical and Human Science Sapientia - Hungarian Science University of Transylvania Marosvásárhely Romania

ISBN: (纸本)008045108X

This paper presents new concepts in the design and implementation of a virtual endoscope. Starting from standard magnetic resonance images, and applying a two-step image processing, inner views of the human body can be obtained, even of such parts of the body, which cannot be penetrated by a traditional endoscope. The first step of the image processing consists in an enhanced version of the fuzzy C-means segmentation. Then a shape recovery algorithm is employed in order to reconstruct the 3-D object. The algorithms provide good-quality segmented images a very quick way, which makes them excellent tools to support a virtual endoscopy. Copyright © 2005 IFAC.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Fast implementations of Markov clustering for protein sequence grouping

Fast implementations of Markov clustering for protein sequen...

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10th International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, MDAI 2013

作者： Szilágyi, László Szilágyi, Sándor Miklos Sapientia - Hungarian Science University of Transylvania Faculty of Technical and Human Science Tîrgu-Mureş Romania Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology Budapest Hungary Petru Maior University of Tîrgu-Mureş Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783642415494

Two efficient versions of a Markov clustering algorithm are proposed, suitable for fast and accurate grouping of protein sequences. First, the essence of the matrix splitting approach consists in optimal reordering of rows and columns in the similarity matrix after every iteration, transforming it into a matrix with several compact blocks along the diagonal, and zero similarities outside the blocks. These blocks are treated separately in later iterations, thus significantly reducing the overall computational load. Alternately, a special sparse matrix architecture is employed to represent the similarity matrix of the Markov clustering algorithm, which also helps getting rid of a severe amount of unnecessary computations. The proposed algorithms were tested to classify sequences of protein databases like SCOP95. The proposed solutions achieve a speed-up factor in the range 15-300 compared to the conventionally implemented Markov clustering, depending on input data size and parameter settings, without damaging the partition accuracy. The convergence is usually reached in 40-50 iterations. Combining the two proposed approaches brings us close to the 1000 times speed-up ratio. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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RISK ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES IN CASE OF WPW SYNDROME

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 184-189页

作者： S.M. Szilágyi Z. Benyó L. Szilágyi Faculty of Technical and Human Science Sapientia – Hungarian Science University of Transylvania Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary

This paper presents a new non-invasive method to estimate the danger to which are exposed the patients suffering from Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Our aim is to provide reliable risk estimation, and to formulate its limitations. The first task is the localization of the accessory pathway (AcP), which we solved using the stepwise Arruda algorithm. After getting the AcP location it was possible to determine the pre-excitation time and rate. A total of 42 patients were studied, and an 88% localization performance was reached. This was considered quite good result compared with the highest published figures (90%) by Boersma in 2002. The highest pre-excitation time was 92±5ms at a heart rate (HR=70±10). Although we could not measure the repolarization time of the AcP, the obtained results can help to construct non-invasive patient risk estimation.

关键词： Heart wall motions Medical applications Models Neural network Realtime systems Signal processing

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RECOGNITION OF VARIOUS EVENTS FROM 3-D HEART MODEL

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 107-112页

This paper presents a new way to solve the inverse problem of electrocardiography in terms of heart model parameters. The developed event estimation and recognition method is based on an optimization system of heart model parameters. An ANN-based preliminary ECG analyser system has been created to reduce the searching space of the optimization algorithm. The optimal model parameters were determined by minimizing the objective functions, as relations of the observed and model-generated body surface ECGs. The final evaluation results, validated by physicians were about 86% correct. Starting from the fact that input ECGs contained various malfunction cases, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, atrial and ventricular fibrillation, these results suggest that this approach provides a robust inverse solution, circumventing most of the difficulties of the ECG inverse problem.

关键词： Medical applications Real-time systems Neural network Signal processing Heart wall motions Models

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Continuous finite-time stabilization for some classes of fractional order dynamics

Continuous finite-time stabilization for some classes of fra...

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International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems, VSS

作者： Alessandro Pisano Milan R. Rapaić Elio Usai Zoran D. Jeličić Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy Computing and Control Department Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad Serbia

This paper analyzes some basic issues involving the application of discontinuous control techniques for controlling fractional order systems (FOS). With reference to a simple class of SISO perturbed processes, we compare the performance of two distinct approaches, namely the “fractional sliding manifold” (FSM) approach, and the “fractional dynamic input extension” (FDIE) approach. The latter, which is the main new contribution of this paper, is shown to provide for the finite time convergence property of the systems' state. Remarkably, this approach also attenuates the chattering phenomenon by leading to a continuous, although obviously non-smooth, control action. The performance of the two methodologies under investigation are determined by means of Lyapunov approach. Additionally, we derive two new results involving the application of second-order sliding mode control techniques in the context of SISO FOS, and the application of the unit-vector methodology for controlling uncertain multivariable FOS. The presented analysis is supported by simulation results.

关键词： Convergence Manifolds Conferences MIMO Variable structure systems Vectors Sliding mode control

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