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Prime numbers and random walks in a square grid

Physical Review E 2021年第5期104卷 054114-054114页

作者： Alberto Fraile Osame Kinouchi Prashant Dwivedi Roberto Martínez Theophanes E. Raptis Daniel Fernández Department of Control Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Karlovo náměstí 13 121 35 Czech Republic Departamento de Física-FFCLRP Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901 Brazil Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Universidad del País Vasco Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa Spain Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry National Kapodistrian University of Athens 157 84 Athens Greece Science Institute University of Iceland Dunhaga 3 107 Reykjavík Iceland

In recent years, computer simulations have played a fundamental role in unveiling some of the most intriguing features of prime numbers. In this paper, we define an algorithm for a deterministic walk through a two-dimensional grid, which we refer to as a prime walk. The walk is constructed from a sequence of steps dictated by and dependent on the sequence of the last digits of the primes. Despite the apparent randomness of this generating sequence, the resulting structure—in both two and three dimensions—created by the algorithm presents remarkable properties and regularities in its pattern, which we proceed to analyze in detail.

关键词： Mathematical physics Random walks Mathematical physics methods

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Observation of a giant Goos-Hänchen shift for matter waves

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： McKay, S. de Haan, V.O. Leiner, J. Parnell, S.R. Dalgliesh, R.M. Boeni, P. Bannenberg, L.J. Le Thien, Q. Baxter, D.V. Ortiz, G. Pynn, R. Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University Bloomington47408 United States BonPhysics Research and Investigations BV Laan van Heemstede 38 Puttershoek 3297AJ Netherlands Neutron Sciences Directorate Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 Delft2629 JB Netherlands ISIS Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Oxfordshire ChiltonOX11 0QX United Kingdom Physics Department E21 Technical University of Munich GarchingD-85748 Germany SwissNeutronics AG Brühlstrasse 28 KlingnauCH-5313 Switzerland Quantum Science and Engineering Center Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Institute for Advanced Study PrincetonNJ08540 United States Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift describes a phenomenon in which a specularly-reflected beam is laterally translated along the reflecting surface such that the incident and reflected rays no longer intersect at the surface. Using a neutron spin-echo technique and a specially-designed magnetic multilayer mirror, we have measured the relative phase between the reflected up and down neutron spin states in total reflection. The relative GH shift calculated from this phase shows a strong resonant enhancement at a particular incident neutron wavevector, which is due to a waveguiding effect in one of the magnetic layers. Calculations based on the observed phase difference between the neutron states indicate a propagation distance along the waveguide layer of 0.65 mm for the spin-down state, which we identify with the magnitude of the giant GH shift. The existence of a physical GH shift is confirmed by the observation of neutron absorption in the waveguide layer. We propose ways in which our experimental method may be exploited for neutron quantum-enhanced sensing of thin magnetic layers. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neutrons

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Design embedded control system based controller of the quasi time optimization approach for a magnetic levitation system

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and Engineering 2021年第1期1029卷

作者： C X Nguyen T D Pham A D Lukynov P C Tran Q D Truong Department of Automation and Computing Techniques Le Quy Don Technical University Hanoi Vietnam Department of Technology Equipment and Aerospace Le Quy Don Technical University Hanoi Vietnam Department of Automation of production processes Don State Technical University Rostov-on-Don Russia Department anti-aircraft missiles Faculty of Control Engineering Le Quy Don Technical University Hanoi Vietnam

The magnetic levitation system is a typical system with many successful applications in practice. Due to the inherent instability and strong open-loop nonlinearity of the MLS, a controller is used to control the stability of the magnetic levitation system. With the rapid development of embedded systems, the intelligent digital control has begun to replace conventional analog control technology creating a new approach to the control MLS. This paper proposes a hardware module for the MLS based on a digital signal processor combined with a fast acting controller to ensure system stability even with incomplete mathematical models. The simulation and experimental results are compared with the linearized feedback control law. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the practical feasibility of the proposed control laws in the MLS embedded control system. The system, with the recommended controller, well responds to the tolerances allowing for stable system working. Both simulation and test results are included in this paper to show that the fast acting suboptimal controller has the advantage of being more durable and less complicated to perform in MLS control applications.

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Benchmarking the CoW with the TopCoW Challenge: Topology-Aware Anatomical Segmentation of the Circle of Willis for CTA and MRA

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Kaiyuan Musio, Fabio Ma, Yihui Juchler, Norman Paetzold, Johannes C. Al-Maskari, Rami Höher, Luciano Li, Hongwei Bran Hamamci, Ibrahim Ethem Sekuboyina, Anjany Shit, Suprosanna Huang, Houjing Prabhakar, Chinmay de la Rosa, Ezequiel Waldmannstetter, Diana Kofler, Florian Navarro, Fernando Menten, Martin Ezhov, Ivan Rueckert, Daniel Vos, Iris Ruigrok, Ynte Velthuis, Birgitta Kuijf, Hugo Hämmerli, Julien Wurster, Catherine Bijlenga, Philippe Westphal, Laura Bisschop, Jeroen Colombo, Elisa Baazaoui, Hakim Makmur, Andrew Hallinan, James Wiestler, Bene Kirschke, Jan S. Wiest, Roland Montagnon, Emmanuel Letourneau-Guillon, Laurent Galdran, Adrian Galati, Francesco Falcetta, Daniele Zuluaga, Maria A. Lin, Chaolong Zhao, Haoran Zhang, Zehan Ra, Sinyoung Hwang, Jongyun Park, Hyunjin Chen, Junqiang Wodzinski, Marek Müller, Henning Shi, Pengcheng Liu, Wei Ma, Ting Yalçin, Cansu Hamadache, Rachika E. Salvi, Joaquim Llado, Xavier Estrada, Uma Maria Lal-Trehan Abramova, Valeriia Giancardo, Luca Oliver, Arnau Liu, Jialu Huang, Haibin Cui, Yue Lin, Zehang Liu, Yusheng Zhu, Shunzhi Patel, Tatsat R. Tutino, Vincent M. Orouskhani, Maysam Wang, Huayu Mossa-Basha, Mahmud Zhu, Chengcheng Rokuss, Maximilian R. Kirchhoff, Yannick Disch, Nico Holzschuh, Julius Isensee, Fabian Maier-Hein, Klaus Sato, Yuki Hirsch, Sven Wegener, Susanne Menze, Bjoern Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Center for Computational Health Zurich University of Applied Sciences Zurich Switzerland Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Helmholtz Center Munich Germany Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Harvard Medical School Boston United States School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Munich Germany Image Sciences Institute UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Neurology UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Radiology UMC Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Neurosurgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Neurology University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Diagnostic Imaging National University Hospital Singapore Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Berne University of Berne Berne Switzerland Montreal Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain EURECOM Biot France Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China Hangzhou Genlight Medtech Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China Department of Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Shanghai MediWorks Precision Instruments Co. Ltd. Shanghai China Institute of Informatics HES-SO Valais-Wallis Switzerland Department of Measurement and Electronics AGH University

The Circle of Willis (CoW) is an important network of arteries connecting major circulations of the brain. Its vascular architecture is believed to affect the risk, severity, and clinical outcome of serious neuro-vascular diseases. However, characterizing the highly variable CoW anatomy is still a manual and time-consuming expert task. The CoW is usually imaged by two angiographic imaging modalities, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA), but there exist limited public datasets with annotations on CoW anatomy, especially for CTA. Therefore we organized the TopCoW Challenge in 2023 with the release of an annotated CoW dataset. The TopCoW dataset was the first public dataset with voxel-level annotations for thirteen possible CoW vessel components, enabled by virtual-reality (VR) technology. It was also the first large dataset with paired MRA and CTA from the same patients. TopCoW challenge formalized the CoW characterization problem as a multiclass anatomical segmentation task with an emphasis on topological metrics. We invited submissions worldwide for the CoW segmentation task, which attracted over 140 registered participants from four continents. The top performing teams managed to segment many CoW components to Dice scores around 90%, but with lower scores for communicating arteries and rare variants. There were also topological mistakes for predictions with high Dice scores. Additional topological analysis revealed further areas for improvement in detecting certain CoW components and matching CoW variant topology accurately. TopCoW represented a first attempt at benchmarking the CoW anatomical segmentation task for MRA and CTA, both morphologically and topologically. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Large datasets

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Construction of Cu7s4@Cuco2o4 Yolk-Shell Microspheres Composite and Elucidation of its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity, Mechanism, and Pathway for Carbamazepine Degradation

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： He, Zuming Yang, Hanpei Wong, Ngie Hing Ernawati, Lusi Sunarso, Jaka Huang, Zhengyi Xia, Yongmei Wang, Yong Su, Jiangbin Fu, Xiaofei Wu, Mi Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing210098 China Huaide School Changzhou University Jingjiang214500 China School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou213164 China Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Jalan Simpang Tiga Sarawak Kuching93350 Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Balikpapan76127 Indonesia School of Materials and Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou213001 China School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering Taizhou University Jiaojiang318000 China

Water pollution caused by the massive use of medicines has caused major environmental problems. This work first reported the synthesis and characterization of the Cu7S4/CuCo2O4 (CS/CCO) yolk-shell microspheres via hydrothermal and annealing methods, then investigated their photocatalytic performance in removing organic water pollutants. The 10-CS/CCO composite with yolk-shell microspheres exhibited the highest photodegradation rate of carbamazepine (CBZ), reaching 96.3% within 2 h. The 10-CS/CCO also demonstrated more than 2 times higher photodegradation rates than the pure (Cu7S4) CS and (CuCo2O4) CCO. This outstanding photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the unique yolk-shell structure and the Z-scheme charge transfer pathway, reducing multiple reflections of the acting light. These factors enhanced the light absorption efficiency and efficiently transferred photoexcited charge carriers. In-depth photocatalytic degradation pathways of CBZ were systematically evaluated via the identification of degradation intermediates with Fukui index calculation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microspheres

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Recognition of patient groups with sleep related disorders using bio-signal processing and deep learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jarchi, Delaram Andreu-Perez, Javier Kiani, Mehrin Vysata, Oldrich Kuchynka, Jiri Prochazka, Ales Sanei, Saeid Smart Health Technologies Group School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom Embedded and Intelligent Systems Laboratory School of Computer Science and Electronics University of Essex ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom Department of Computing and Control Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague Prague 6166 28 Czech Republic Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Charles University Hradec Králové500 05 Czech Republic Czech Institute of Informatics Robotics and Cybernetics Czech Technical University in Prague Prague 6160 00 Czech Republic School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom

Accurately diagnosing sleep disorders is essential for clinical assessments and treatments. Polysomnography (PSG) has long been used for detection of various sleep disorders. In this research, electrocardiography (ECG) and electromayography (EMG) have been used for recognition of breathing and movement-related sleep disorders. Bio-signal processing has been performed by extracting EMG features exploiting entropy and statistical moments, in addition to developing an iterative pulse peak detection algorithm using synchrosqueezed wavelet transform (SSWT) for reliable extraction of heart rate and breathing-related features from ECG. A deep learning framework has been designed to incorporate EMG and ECG features. The framework has been used to classify four groups: healthy subjects, patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), patients with restless leg syndrome (RLS) and patients with both OSA and RLS. The proposed deep learning framework produced a mean accuracy of 72% and weighted F1 score of 0.57 across subjects for our formulated four-class problem. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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The determination of deforestation rate in eastern Slovakia in the years 1998-2018 based on multispectral satellite images from missions Landsat 5 and 7 11

The determination of deforestation rate in eastern Slovakia ...

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11th International Scientific and technical Conference on Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics, GCG 2019

作者： Pukanská, Katarína Bartoš, Karol Gašinec, Juraj Kseňak, Ľubomír Frąckiewicz, Pawel Bieda, Agnieszka Institute of Geodesy Cartography and Geographical Information Systems Faculty of Mining Ecology Process Control and Geotechnologies Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia Faculty of Environmental Geomatic and Energy Engineering Kielce University of Technology Kielce Poland Department of Geomatics Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780367346515

By using the instruments and methods of remote sensing, it is possible to detect forest damage caused by pests or calamities, while reducing time demands and achieving nationwide assessment of the area. This paper deals with the determination of the extent of deforestation in the Rožňava district (Slovakia) on the principle of calculating the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI from multispectral images of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 satellites. The data sets were prepared in 5-year epochs using the JavaScript programming language and satellite bands B3, B4, B5, and B7 so that the cloudiness is eliminated from images while displaying the forest cover during the vegetation period. The NDVI calculation was performed in the ESA SNAP software. The resulting data classification was subsequently realized by calculating the percentage decrease in QGIS 2.18 software. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Deforestation

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Integration of multispectral and radar satellite images for flood range determination of historical flood in Slovakia 2010 11

Integration of multispectral and radar satellite images for ...

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11th International Scientific and technical Conference on Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics, GCG 2019

作者： Pukanská, Katarína Bartoš, Karol Hurčíková, Viera Kseňak, Ľubomír Gil, Marcin Bieda, Agnieszka Institute of Geodesy Cartography and Geographical Information Systems Faculty of Mining Ecology Process Control and Geotechnologies Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia Faculty of Environmental Geomatic and Energy Engineering Kielce University of Technology Kielce Poland Department of Geomatics Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780367346515

The objective of this work is to evaluate the extent of historic floods on rivers within Košice region in June 2010. Nowadays, massive floods are an annual reality, as the increasing number of natural disasters is a consequence of global climate changes. Their increasing frequency and severity cause immense damage to property, but also loss of human lives. For the purpose of mapping these floods, historical multispectral satellite images from Landsat 5 were used as the input data, together with radar image from Envisat, from the time of floods in 2010. The results of the floods were compared with the corresponding satellite data from the data with a normal situation. All used image and radar data are freely available to download and process. Given data sets were opened and processed in open-source software ESA-SNAP. The result of the study is the determination of the extent and quantification of historical floods in Eastern Slovakia in 2010. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Floods

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Re-adhesion control strategy based on the optimal slip velocity seeking method

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2018年第1期26卷 36-48页

作者： Caglar Uyulan Metin Gokasan Seta Bogosyan Department of Mechatronics Engineering Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology Istanbul Technical University Control Engineering Department Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Istanbul Technical University

In the railway industry, re-adhesion control plays an important role in attenuating the slip occurrence due to the low adhesion condition in the wheel-rail inter- action. Braking and traction forces depend on the normal force and adhesion coefficient at the wheel-rail contact area. Due to the restrictions on controlling normal force, the only way to increase the tractive or braking effect is to maximize the adhesion coefficient. Through efficient uti- lization of adhesion, it is also possible to avoid wheel-rail wear and minimize the energy consumption. The adhesion between wheel and rail is a highly nonlinear function of many parameters like environmental conditions, railway vehicle speed and slip velocity. To estimate these unknown parameters accurately is a very hard and competitive challenge. The robust adaptive control strategy presented in this paper is not only able to suppress the wheel slip in time, but also maximize the adhesion utilization perfor- mance after re-adhesion process even if the wheel-rail contact mechanism exhibits significant adhesion uncer- tainties and/or nonlinearities. Using an optimal slip velocity seeking algorithm, the proposed strategy provides a satisfactory slip velocity tracking ability, which was demonstrated able to realize the desired slip velocity without experiencing any instability problem. The control torque of the traction motor was regulated continuously to drive the railway vehicle in the neighborhood of the opti- mal adhesion point and guarantee the best traction capacity after re-adhesion process by making the railway vehicle operate away from the unstable region. The results obtained from the adaptive approach based on the second- order sliding mode observer have been confirmed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation conducted in MATLAB and Simulink with a full traction model under various wheel-rail conditions.

关键词： Re-adhesion control Traction system dynamicmodel Optimal slip velocity estimation

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Light cone distribution amplitude for the Λ baryon from lattice QCD

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Physical Review D 2025年第3期111卷 034510-034510页

作者： Min-Huan Chu Haoyang Bai Jun Hua Jian Liang Xiangdong Ji Andreas Schäfer Yushan Su Wei Wang Xiaonu Xiong INPAC Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Yang Yuanqing Scientific Computering Center Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University ulica Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 61-614 Poznań Poland Institute of High Energy Physics CAS Beijing 100049 China School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE) Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Regensburg D-93040 Regensburg Germany Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT) Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou 516000 Guangdong Province China School of Physics Central South University Changsha 418003 China

We calculate the leading-twist light cone distribution amplitudes of the Λ(uds) baryon using lattice QCD methods within the framework of large-momentum effective theory. Our numerical computations are carried out with Nf=2+1 stout smeared clover fermions and a Symanzik gauge action on a lattice with spacing a=0.077 fm and a pion mass of 303 MeV. To approach the large-momentum region, we simulate the equal-time correlations with the hadron momentum Pz={2.52,3.02,3.52} GeV. We investigate the analytic properties of the baryon quasidistribution amplitude in coordinate space and validate them through our lattice calculations. After renormalization and extrapolation, we present results for the three-dimensional distribution in momentum fractions of the two light quarks. Based on these findings, we briefly discuss the phenomenological impact on weak decays of Λb and outline potential systematic uncertainties that can be improved in the future. This work lays the theoretical foundation for accessing baryon light cone distribution amplitudes from lattice QCD.

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