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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, X. Aleksan, R. Angelis, Y. Bortfeldt, J. Brunbauer, F. Brunoldi, M. Chatzianagnostou, E. Datta, J. Degmelt, K. Fanourakis, G. Fiorina, D. Floethner, K.J. Gallinaro, M. Garcia, F. Giomataris, I. Gnanvo, K. Iguaz, F.J. Janssens, D. Kallitsopoulou, A. Kovacic, M. Kross, B. Legou, P. Lisowska, M. Liu, J. Maniatis, I. McKisson, J. Meng, Y. Muller, H. Oliveri, E. Orlandini, G. Pandey, A. Papaevangelou, T. Pomorski, M. Ropelewski, L. Sampsonidis, D. Scharenberg, L. Schneider, T. Shang, L. Shao, M. Sohl, L. van Stenis, M. Tsipolitis, Y. Tzamarias, S.E. Utrobicic, A. Vai, I. Veenhof, R. Vitulo, P. White, S. Xi, W. Zhang, Z. Zhou, Y. State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Campus ThessalonikiGR-54124 Greece Department for Medical Physics Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Am Coulombwall 1 Garching85748 Germany Geneve 23CH-1211 Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Via Bassi 6 Pavia27100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pavia Via Bassi 6 Pavia27100 Italy Stony Brook University Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States Jefferson Lab 12000 Jefferson Avenue Newport NewsVA23606 United States Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics NCSR Demokritos Agia Paraskevi AttikiGR-15341 Greece Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik University of Bonn Nußallee 14–16 Bonn53115 Germany Laboratório de Instrumentacão e Física Experimental de Partículas Lisbon Portugal Helsinki Institute of Physics University of Helsinki HelsinkiFI-00014 Finland Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb10000 Croatia Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Physikalisches Institut University of Bonn Nußallee 12 Bonn53115 Germany Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schloßplatz 4 Erlangen91054 Germany CEA-LIST Diamond Sensors Laboratory CEA Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Thessaloniki57001 Greece State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou730000 China National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 Zagreb10000 Croatia University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

The PICOSEC Micromegas (MM) detector is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a MM detector operating in a two-stage amplification mode and a Cherenkov radiator. Prototypes equipped with cesium iodide (CsI) photocathodes have shown promising time resolutions as precise as 24 picoseconds (ps) for Minimum Ionizing Particles. However, due to the high hygroscopicity and susceptibility to ion bombardment of the CsI photocathodes, alternative photocathode materials are needed to improve the robustness of PICOSEC MM. Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) film have been introduced as a novel robust photocathode material, which have shown promising results. A batch of DLC photocathodes with different thicknesses were produced and evaluated using ultraviolet light. The quantum efficiency measurements indicate that the optimized thickness of the DLC photocathode is approximately 3 nm. Furthermore, DLC photocathodes show good resistance to ion bombardment in aging test compared to the CsI photocathode. Finally, a PICOSEC MM prototype equipped with DLC photocathodes was tested in muon beams. A time resolution of around 42 ps with a detection efficiency of 97% for 150 GeV/c muons were obtained. These results indicate the great potential of DLC as a photocathode for the PICOSEC MM detector. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Photocathodes

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Tuning of fuzzy sharpening filters for biomedical image enhancement

Tuning of fuzzy sharpening filters for biomedical image enha...

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作者： Kukal, Jaromir Sireis, Abduljalil Krbcova, Zuzana Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Department of Software Engineering Trojanova 13 Prague 2 120 00 Czech Republic University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague Faculty of Chemical Engineering Department of Computing and Control Engineering Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 26 Czech Republic

Various approaches are used for image smoothing and sharpening. The class of fuzzy filters is widely used in the case of spiky noise due to their non–linear behavior. A lot of popular fuzzy filters are realizable in Lukasiewicz algebra with square root. Frequently applied low-pass fuzzy filters were selected from literature and used for the image sharpening with dyadic weights. The first aim of the paper is to find the optimum sharpening with the best Signal–to–Noise Ratio criterion for various noise types and offer general suggestions for fuzzy filter selection. Our results are directly applicable to tomographic images from MRI, PET and SPECT scanners. © 2018, Brno University of Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Local mechanical properties of Zinc-Iron coated steel sheets by depth- sensing indentation 13th

Local mechanical properties of Zinc-Iron coated steel sheets...

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13th International Conference on Local Mechanical Properties, LMP 2017

作者： Ambriško, Lubomír Pešek, Ladislav Institute of Logistics Faculty of Mining Ecology Process Control and Geotechnology Technical University of Košice Park Komenského 14 Košice043 84 Slovakia Department of Material Science Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Liberec Studentská 2 Liberec461 17 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783035712421

Depth-sensing indentation (DSI) is used in this work to determine the change of local mechanical properties by annealing of hot-dip galvanized IF steel sheets. The influence of annealing conditions (temperature and time) on: (i) coating composition;(ii) local mechanical properties and (iii) roughness of the coating surface was quantified. Annealing of steel samples (Ti-IF steel and Ti- Nb-P-IF steel alloyed with phosphorus) was performed with different holding times (10, 60, and 300 s) by both temperatures 450 and 550 °C. The zinc in coating transformed during annealing to the intermetallic phases ZnxFey. Annealed Zn-Fe coatings, wherein the iron concentration falls towards the surface, consist of different intermetallic phases. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Steel sheet

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The 2025 Roadmap to Ultrafast Dynamics: Frontiers of Theoretical and Computational Modelling

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Caruso, Fabio Sentef, Michael A. Attaccalite, Claudio Bonitz, Michael Draxl, Claudia De Giovannini, Umberto Eckstein, Martin Ernstorfer, Ralph Fechner, Michael Grüning, Myrta Hübener, Hannes Joost, Jan-Philip Juraschek, Dominik M. Karrasch, Christoph Kennes, Dante Marvin Latini, Simone Lu, I-Te Neufeld, Ofer Perfetto, Enrico Rettig, Laurenz Pela, Ronaldo Rodrigues Rubio, Angel Rudzinski, Joseph F. Ruggenthaler, Michael Sangalli, Davide Schüler, Michael Shallcross, Samuel Sharma, Sangeeta Stefanucci, Gianluca Werner, Philipp Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Kiel Leibnizstrasse 15 Kiel24116 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science University of Bremen Bremen28359 Germany Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany CNRS Aix-Marseille Université Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy Marseille13288 cedex 9 France Physics Department CSMB Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin12489 Germany Università degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè PalermoI-90123 Italy Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Hamburg Notkestraße 9-11 Hamburg22607 Germany The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging Hamburg Germany Fritz Haber Institute Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin14195 Germany Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Hamburg Germany School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University Belfast University Road BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Center for Free Electron Laser Science Hamburg22761 Germany Department of Applied Physics and Science Education Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Mathematische Physik Mendelssohnstr. 3 Braunschweig38106 Germany Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik RWTH Aachen University JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Aachen52056 Germany Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Center for Free Electron Laser Science Hamburg22761 Germany Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby2800 Denmark Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany Schulich Fac

The exploration of ultrafast phenomena is a frontier of condensed matter research, where the interplay of theory, computation, and experiment is unveiling new opportunities for understanding and engineering quantum materials. With the advent of advanced experimental techniques and computational tools, it has become possible to probe and manipulate nonequilibrium processes at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions, providing insights into the dynamical behavior of matter under extreme conditions. These capabilities have the potential to revolutionize fields ranging from optoelectronics and quantum information to catalysis and energy storage. This Roadmap captures the collective progress and vision of leading researchers, addressing challenges and opportunities across key areas of ultrafast science. Contributions in this Roadmap span the development of ab initio methods for time-resolved spectroscopy, the dynamics of driven correlated systems, the engineering of materials in optical cavities, and the adoption of FAIR principles for data sharing and analysis. Together, these efforts highlight the interdisciplinary nature of ultrafast research and its reliance on cutting-edge methodologies, including quantum electrodynamical density-functional theory, correlated electronic structure methods, nonequilibrium Green’s function approaches, quantum and ab initio simulations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time-resolved spectroscopy

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Explainability, Robustness, and Fairness in User-Centric Intelligent Systems: A Systematic Review

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IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence 2025年

作者： Zahid, Idrees A. Garfan, Salem Chyad, M.A. Albahri, A.S. Albahri, O.S. Alamoodi, A.H. Deveci, Muhammet Homod, Raad Z. Alzubaidi, Laith University of Technology Technology Center Baghdad10066 Iraq Sultan Idris Education University Faculty of Computing and Meta-Technology Tanjong Malim35900 Malaysia Bilad Alrafidain University College Department of Cybersecurity Engineering Baquba10066 Iraq Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Technical Engineering College Baghdad10066 Iraq Baghdad10066 Iraq Mazaya University College Computer Techniques Engineering Department Nasiriyah10001 Iraq BerwickVIC3806 Australia Applied Science Private University Applied Science Research Center Amman11931 Jordan Mishref32093 Kuwait National Defence University Department of Industrial Engineering Turkish Naval Academy Istanbul34942 Turkey Imperial College London Royal School of Mines LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Western Caspian University Department of Information Technologies Baku1001 Azerbaijan Basrah Oil and Gas University Department of Oil and Gas Engineering Basra61001 Iraq Al-Ayen Iraqi University Nasiriyah64001 Iraq Queensland University of Technology School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering BrisbaneQLD4000 Australia

The demand for tailored user-centric systems is increasing in the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI). This paper systematically explores the literature on user-centric intelligent systems, focusing on three vital dimensions: explainability, robustness, and fairness. By employing a rigorous systematic literature review and adhering to the PRISMA protocol, this study scrutinizes articles from several esteemed online scientific journals—IEEE Xplore, scienceDirect (SD), Web of science (WoS), and Scopus. Crafting a coherent taxonomy from insights gained through meticulous analysis, ensuring a comprehensive review. Categorizing the literature by explainability, robustness, and fairness, the resulting taxonomy aids readers in navigating this intricate domain, and each category is investigated through different approaches. Detailed discussions, enriched with insights from challenges, motivations, and recommendations in prior articles, analyse the literature through identified perspectives. This paper explores datasets, methods, and frameworks researchers employ, providing a holistic view of methodologies in user-centric intelligent systems. Going beyond a standard literature review, this work guides readers and future researchers, addressing challenges and advancing user-centric intelligent systems. This paper serves as a significant resource for understanding the current user-centric intelligent systems landscape. As the field evolves, subsequent works can build upon this foundation, exploring the nuanced dimensions of user-centric intelligent systems. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Taxonomies

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Erratum to: Search for exclusive Higgs and Z boson decays to ϕγ and ργ with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2023年第12期2023卷 1-21页

作者： Aaboud, M. Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdinov, O. Abeloos, B. Abidi, S. H. AbouZeid, O. S. Abraham, N. L. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abreu, R. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Adachi, S. Adamczyk, L. Adelman, J. Adersberger, M. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agatonovic-Jovin, T. Agheorghiesei, C. Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. Ahlen, S. P. Ahmadov, F. Aielli, G. Akatsuka, S. Akerstedt, H. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akilli, E. Akimov, A. V. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Alconada Verzini, M. J. Alderweireldt, S. C. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Alkire, S. P. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, B. W. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alshehri, A. A. Alstaty, M. I. Alvarez Gonzalez, B. Álvarez Piqueras, D. Alviggi, M. G. Amadio, B. T. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Amelung, C. Amidei, D. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amoroso, S. Amundsen, G. Anastopoulos, C. Ancu, L. S. Andari, N. Andeen, T. Anders, C. F. Anders, J. K. Anderson, K. J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Angelidakis, S. Angelozzi, I. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antonelli, M. Antonov, A. Antrim, D. J. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aperio Bella, L. Arabidze, G. Arai, Y. Araque, J. P. Araujo Ferraz, V. Arce, A. T. H. Ardell, R. E. Arduh, F. A. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arik, M. Armbruster, A. J. Armitage, L. J. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Arratia, M. Arslan, O. Artamonov, A. Artoni, G. Artz, S. Asai, S. Asbah, N. Ashkenazi, A. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Atkinson, M. Atlay, N. B. Augsten, K. Avolio, G. Axen, B. Ayoub, M. K. Azuelos, G. Baas, A. E. Baca, M. J. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahrasemani, H. Baines, J. T. Bajic, M. Baker, O. K. Bakker, P. J. Baldin, E. M. Balek, P. Balli, F. Balunas, W. K. Banas, E. Bandyopadhyay, A. Banerjee, Sw. Bannoura, A. A. E. Barak, L. Barberio, E. L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Barillari, T. Barisits, M.-S. Barkeloo, J. T. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnes, S. L. Barnett, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barno Faculté des Sciences Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM Oujda Morocco CPPM Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan LAL Univ. Paris-Sud CNRS/IN2P3 Université Paris-Saclay Orsay France Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Canada Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion: Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Center for High Energy Physics University of Oregon Eugene United States of America Department of Physics Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden The Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm Sweden INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas – LIP Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos Universidad de Granada Granada Portugal Department of Physics Boston University Boston United States of America Joi

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Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA)

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Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2021年第1期30卷 328-334页

作者： Mahmood Tara Taweel Adel Alhuwail Dari Dena A. Al Thani Eiman Al-Jafar Eman Abu Hamra Hassan Ghazal Hoda Wahba Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy Khalid AlKhalifa Leena Joseph Mohamed Zeroug Mohammad Bani Odeh Mohammed I. Alhefzi Mounir Hamdi Mowafa Househ Najeeb Al-Shorbaji Osama El Hassan Salim Abdullah Al-Salmi Tamer Amara Zoubir Sari Fellow of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics Member of the Iranian Medical Informatics Association Department of Medical Informatics Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Computer Science Birzeit University Birzeit Palestine Department of Information Science College of Life Sciences Kuwait University Kuwait Health Informatics Association Kuwait Information and Computing Technology Division College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Department of Health Informatics and Information Management Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Kuwait University Master of Public Health - Al Quds University Palestine Moroccan Society for Telemedicine and eHealth Morocco & National Center for Scientific and Technical Research Rabat Morocco Ain Shams University Virtual Hospital Cairo Egypt President of the Iranian Medical Informatics Association Health Information Technology Department Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran National Health Informatics Committee Supreme Council of Health Manama Bahrain Oman College of Health Sciences Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Société Algérienne de Télémédecine et de eSanté SATeS Algeria Palestine National Institute of Public Health Ramallah Palestine Vice President Saudi Association for Health Informatics Saudi Arabia College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Fellow of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Fellow of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics President of the eHealth Development Association Amman Jordan Health Informatics & Smart Health Department Dubai Health Authority Dubai UAE Ain Sham University Virtual Hospital Cairo Egypt

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A general view on double limits in differential equations

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kuehn, Christian Berglund, Nils Bick, Christian Engel, Maximilian Hurth, Tobias Iuorio, Annalisa Soresina, Cinzia Department of Mathematics Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 3 Garching b. München85748 Germany Complexity Science Hub Vienna Josefstädter Str. 39 Vienna1080 Austria Université d'Orléans Université de Tours CNRS - UMR 7013 Batiment de Mathématiques B.P. 6759 Orléans Cedex 245067 France Department of Mathematics Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1111 Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Mathematics University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstr. 2 Garching85748 Germany Department of Mathematics Freie Universtität Berlin Arnimallee 6 Berlin14195 Germany Institut de mathématiques Université de Neuchatel Rue Emile-Argand 11 NeuchatelCH-2000 Switzerland Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 Vienna1090 Austria Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing University of Graz Heinrichstr. 36 Graz8010 Austria

In this paper, we review several results from singularly perturbed differential equations with multiple small parameters. In addition, we develop a general conceptual framework to compare and contrast the different results by proposing a three-step process. First, one specifies the setting and restrictions of the differential equation problem to be studied and identifies the relevant small parameters. Second, one defines a notion of equivalence via a property/observable for partitioning the parameter space into suitable regions near the singular limit. Third, one studies the possible asymptotic singular limit problems as well as perturbation results to complete the diagrammatic subdivision process. We illustrate this approach for two simple problems from algebra and analysis. Then we proceed to the review of several modern double-limit problems including multiple time scales, stochastic dynamics, spatial patterns, and network coupling. For each example, we illustrate the previously mentioned three-step process and show that already double-limit parametric diagrams provide an excellent unifying theme. After this review, we compare and contrast the common features among the different examples. We conclude with a brief outlook, how our methodology can help to systematize the field better, and how it can be transferred to a wide variety of other classes of differential equations. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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