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25th EUROMICRO Conference on informatics: Theory and Practice for the New Millennium, EUROMICRO 1999

作者： Sharp, Helen Woodman, Mark Hovenden, Fiona Robinson, Hugh Centre for HCI Design School of Informatics City University Northampton Square London EC1 V OHB United Kingdom School of Computing Science Middlesex University Trent Park Bramley Road London N14 4YZ United Kingdom Computing Department Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Open University Mihon Keynes iK7 6AA United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0769503217

Software development takes place within a rich cultural setting. To be successful, a programme aimed at improving software development processes needs to recognise this context and to make explicit the software practices as they are actually understood and applied by software developers. But what aspects of the context are relevant and how can they be identified? To begin addressing this question we have been studying the adoption and evolution of software quality management systems using techniques from the social sciences to collect data from five organisations of different sizes. This paper reports on our experiences of a week-long study of one organisation. In this study, we aimed to uncover implicit assumptions, values and beliefs within the community which were affecting (positively or negatively) the adoption and evolution of their software quality management system. We discuss our approach, summarise our findings, and reflect on the techniques used. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Software design

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The role of 'culture' in successful software process improvement

The role of 'culture' in successful software process improve...

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EUROMICRO Conference

作者： H. Sharp M. Woodman F. Hovenden H. Robinson Centre for HCI Design School of Informatics City University London UK School of Computing Science Middlesex University London UK Computing Department Faculty of Mathematics & Computing Open University Milton Keynes UK

关键词： Software quality Programming Quality management Cultural differences Software engineering Project management Human computer interaction informatics Mathematics Social factors

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IT in society: a multi-disciplinary course

IT in society: a multi-disciplinary course

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： M. Daniels M. Petre Department of Computer Systems University of Uppsala Uppsala Sweden Centre for Informatics Education Research Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Open University Milton Keynes UK

The authors describe a course, the aim of which is to provide a multi-faceted understanding of the interactions between technology, users and designers. This involves examining each type of interaction-between users, between designer and user, between user and system, between designer and system and looking at how other factors (e.g., environmental, social, cognitive) influence each interaction. This requires particular attention to interactions between people and to the ways in which technology influences them, for example, looking at interactions between users and how those interactions are affected by the computer systems employed. Considering these interactions between users draws on areas like cognitive psychology, group dynamics, psychology of language, discourse, and inter-cultural communication.

关键词： Psychology Concrete Software prototyping Prototypes Process design Software design Employment Application software informatics Mathematics

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A large-scale software engineering group project at the university of the west of england, bristol

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International Journal of Phytoremediation 1999年第1期21.0卷 268-280页

作者： Gillies, Andrew Gillies, Lindsey Faculty of Computing Science and Mathematics University of the West of England United Kingdom Dept. of Informatics and Simulation Royal Military College of Science United Kingdom

This paper reports on the introduction of a large-scale software engineering group project (in excess of 8 students per group) into the modular undergraduate degree scheme at the University of the West of England, Bristol. The approach taken aims to provide an experience of the coherent nature of software engineering and to develop project and group management skills in undergraduate students. A representational model of this approach is described, together with its implementation. © 1999, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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An Impact Analysis Method for Safety-Critical User Interface Design

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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1999年第4期6卷 341-369页

作者： Galliers, Julia Sutcliffe, Alistair Minocha, Shailey Centre for HCI Design School of Informatics City University London Northampton Square London EC1V 0HB United Kingdom Department of Computation UMIST Manchester P. O. Box 88 M60 1QD United Kingdom Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Walton Hall The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA United Kingdom

We describe a method of assessing the implications for human error on user interface design of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that contribute to error. In this article, components of the taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from user knowledge, ability, and the task environment, combined with factors describing the complexity of user action and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts probabilities of different types of error—slips and mistakes— for each component action of a task involving user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis Method that involves running test scenarios against this causal model of error in order to determine user interactions that are prone to different types of error. Applying the proposed method will enable the designer to determine the combinations of influencing factors and their interactions that are most likely to influence human error. Finally we show how such scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of an operator performing a task using the control system for a laser spectrophotometer. © 1999, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian Belief Networks Design human error Human Factors Reliability safety-critical scenario-based causal analysis

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Next generation middleware: requirements, architecture, and prototypes

Next generation middleware: requirements, architecture, and ...

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IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed computing Systems

作者： F. Eliassen A. Andersen G.S. Blair F. Costa G. Coulson V. Goebel O. Hansen T. Kristensen T. Plagemann H.O. Rafaelsen K.B. Saikoski Weihai Yu Department of Informatics University of Oslo Norway Distributed Multimedia Research Group Computing Department Lancaster University UK Faculty of Engineering Agder University College Grimstad Norway Department of Computer Science University of Tromsø Norway

Middleware technologies such as CORBA or Java RMI have proved their suitability for "standard" client-server applications. However, challenges from existing and new types of applications, including support for multimedia real-time requirements and mobility seems to indicate the need for defining a new architecture for open distributed systems. The new architecture should be designed from the beginning with flexibility and adaptability in mind. This can be achieved by defining an open engineering middleware platform that is run time configurable and allows inspection and adaptation of the underlying components. This paper proposes a next generation middleware architecture that conforms to requirements as indicated above. This architecture is characterised by being open, and adaptable based on the principle of reflection. The paper also reports on some existing research prototypes with a focus towards their suitability as next generation middleware.

关键词： Middleware Prototypes Application software Multimedia computing Java Computer architecture Distributed computing Mobile computing Programming profession informatics

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Intelligent agents on the Internet and Web

Intelligent agents on the Internet and Web

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IEEE Region 10 International Conference TENCON

作者： S. Murugesan Web-based Information Systems and Methodologies Research Group Department of Computing and information Systems Faculty of Informatics Science and Technology University of Western Ontario Campbelltown NSW Australia

An intelligent agent (IA) is a self-contained, autonomous software module that could perform certain tasks on behalf of its users. It could also interact with other intelligent agents and/or human in performing its task(s). There is now growing interest in using intelligent software agents for a variety of tasks in a diverse range of applications: personal assistants, intelligent user interfaces, managing electronic mail, navigating and retrieving information from the Internet and databases, scheduling meetings and manufacturing operations, electronic business, online shopping, negotiating for resources, decision making, design and telecommunications. The paper gives a brief introduction to intelligent agents and their classification, outlines applications of intelligent agents on the Internet and Web and highlights their prospects.

关键词： Intelligent agent Internet Deductive databases Software performance Humans Software agents Application software User interfaces Resource management Electronic mail

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RUNESTONE, an international student collaboration project

RUNESTONE, an international student collaboration project

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： M. Daniels M. Petre V. Almstrum L. Asplund C. Bjorkman C. Erickson B. Klein M. Last Department of Computer Systems University of Uppsala Sweden Centre for Informatics Education Research Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Open University UK Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas Austin TX USA Computer Science and Information Systems Grand Valley State University MI USA

Students will eventually work in a global market; what better preparation can be provided for international collaboration than...international collaboration? The RUNESTONE project is developing and evaluating the notion of incorporating international group projects into the undergraduate computer science curriculum. RUNESTONE adds new dimensions to student teamwork, requiring students to handle collaboration that is remote, cross-cultural and linguistically challenging. RUNESTONE is a three year project, with the prototype version running in Winter 1998 with students at Uppsala University, Sweden, and Grand Valley State University, Michigan, USA. The 1998 pilot study will be followed by a full-scale implementation in 1999 and another in 2000.

关键词： International collaboration Costs Computer science education Teamwork informatics Mathematics Information systems Globalization Computer science Prototypes

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A glimpse of expert programmers' mental imagery 97

A glimpse of expert programmers' mental imagery

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7th Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers, ESP 1997

作者： Petre, Marian Blackwell, Alan F. Centre for Informatics Education Research Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom MRC Applied Psychology Unit Cambridge United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0897919920

There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. In this study, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of their mental representations while they were engaged in a design task. This investigative technique was used with the explicit intention of eliciting introspective reports of mental imagery. The resulting transcripts displayed a considerable number of common elements. These suggest that software design shares many characteristics of more concrete design disciplines. They also provide promising areas for further investigation of software development support tools and design strategies.

关键词： Software design

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Innovations in large-scale supported distance teaching: transformation for the Internet, not just translation

Innovations in large-scale supported distance teaching: tran...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： M. Petre L. Carswell B. Price P. Thomas Centre of Informatics Education Research Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Open University Milton Keynes UK

This paper reports on large-scale trials of Internet-based university-level distance teaching. The use of technology, and more specifically the Internet, has been an important advance for distance education. However, simply translating material from familiar media into electronic form is rarely productive-and is certainly inadequate for supported distance education, which aims to engage the student in a 'community of learning'. The value Internet technology brings to distance education lies not in direct translation from other media but in transformation of support mechanisms to exploit its potential range. The paper begins by considering how instruction and support functions can be served and potentially enhanced by an Internet-based structure. It considers which changes in culture help to preserve or improve teaching quality while adapting to screen-based and often asynchronous interactions. It discusses: trials of mechanisms for interactions among students and instructors; assignment marking using an electronic marking tool; electronic assignment handling; synchronous and asynchronous Internet-based problem sessions; and automatic student registration. The paper summarizes qualitative and quantitative findings of an extensive evaluation involving several hundred students over three courses and considering learning, student experience, assignment marking, problem sessions, scalability and integration into existing administrative structures. It highlights both costs and gains of using the Internet to transform the distance learning environment for those associated with it: students, instructors, administrators and institutions.

关键词： Technological innovation Large-scale systems Computer aided instruction Internet Distance learning Education Educational technology Costs informatics Mathematics

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