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Three-dimensional Weyl topology in one-dimensional photonic structures

Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1337-1338页

作者： Kosmas L.Tsakmakidis Tomasz P.Stefański Section of Condensed Matter Physics Department of PhysicsNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimioupolisGR-15784 AthensGreece Faculty of Electronics Telecommunicationsand InformaticsGdansk University of Technology80-233 GdanskPoland

Topological features,in particular distinct band intersections known as nodal rings,usually requiring three-dimensional structures,have now been demonstrated experimentally in an elegantly simple one-dimensional photo... 详细信息

关键词： crystal. dimensional topology

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Stability of OhmegaPly Resistors with Different Shapes

Stability of OhmegaPly Resistors with Different Shapes

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International Spring Seminar on electronics Technology

作者： Tomas Lenger Alena Pietrikova Peter Lukacs Igor Vehec Martin Jarkovsky Department of Technologies in Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Kosice Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798350385472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385489

Thin-film resistors represent the possibility of embedding components into the printed circuit boards. Electronic components assembled by surface mount technology require space on the printed circuit board’s surface, which hardness the miniaturization of electronic devices. Thin-film resistors can be easily embedded into printed circuit boards’ inner layers without increasing the thickness of printed circuit boards. OhmegaPly resistors represent one of the thin-film technologies. This paper analyses the stability of different shapes’ OhmegaPly resistors as well as two different resistors’ widths. OhmegaPly resistors reduce the number of solder joints as well. OhmegaPly resistors were realized on the surface of the substrate as well as embedded into the multilayer printed circuit board consisting of the OhmegaPly laminate, the prepreg layer, and the FR-4 laminate. The stability of OhmegaPly resistors was determined by thermal cycling. This paper compares the stability of OhmegaPly resistors based on their shape (rectangle or meander), width (0.5 mm or 1 mm), and placement (on the surface or embedded).

关键词： Resistors Shape Thermal resistance Surface resistance Printed circuits Nonhomogeneous media Stability analysis

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Microcontroller-based Encryption Module for Secure Internet Client-Server Chatting

Microcontroller-based Encryption Module for Secure Internet ...

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International Conference on Radioelektronika

作者： Nikita Kuropatkin Milos Drutarovsky Department of Electronics and Multimedia Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Kosice Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798331544478

ISBN: (纸本)9798331544485

This article focuses on the implementation of a communication protocol with optional steganography support for an embedded platform, resulting in a secure encryption module. We use algorithms based on the Bernstein elliptic curve Curve25519, such as Elligator 2, which enables steganographic key exchange in our system. Additionally, we incorporate other modern cryptographic primitives, including the ChaCha20 symmetric stream cipher and the Poly1305 MAC generation function. By properly combining these cryptographic components, we achieve main security principles such as data integrity, confidentiality, forward secrecy, and steganographic key exchange in our solution. We present our approach to applying and optimizing these cryptographic blocks for the Wiznet W5100S-EVB-Pico evaluation board. We use XDRBG, a novel cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator, seeded with entropy sources from the board for random number generation. Fur-thermore, we present the speed of the cryptographic blocks used in the protocol to confirm their suitability for the platform.

关键词： Steganography Protocols Public key Entropy Encryption Internet Cryptography Servers Random number generation Microprogramming

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Enhancing DBSCAN Accuracy and Computational Efficiency Using Closest Access Point Pre-Clustering for Fingerprint-Based Localization

HighTech and Innovation Journal

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HighTech and Innovation Journal 2025年第1期6卷 352-362页

作者： Yaro, Abdulmalik Shehu Maly, Filip Prazak, Pavel Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods Faculty of Informatics and Management University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove500 03 Czech Republic Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria810106 Nigeria

Within the context of fingerprint database clustering, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is notable for its robustness to outliers and ability to handle clusters of different sizes and shapes. However, its high computational burden limits its scalability for dense fingerprint databases. A hybrid two-stage clustering method, the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm, is proposed in this paper, designed to accelerate DBSCAN clustering while ensuring accuracy for fingerprint-based localisation systems. The CAP-DBSCAN algorithm employs the closest access point (CAP) algorithm to pre-cluster the database, while the DBSCAN algorithm performs clustering refinement. It dynamically adjusts the neighborhood radius (Eps) value for each pre-cluster using the k-distance plot method. The performance of the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm is determined across four publicly available received signal strength (RSS)-based fingerprint databases with Euclidean and Manhattan distances as fingerprint similarity metrics. This is benchmarked against the performances of the standard DBSCAN (s-DBSCAN) and k-means++-DBSCAN (k-DBSCAN) algorithms presented in previous research. Simulation results show that the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm consistently outperforms both the s-DBSCAN and k-DBSCAN algorithms, achieving higher silhouette scores, which indicates the generation of more compact and well-defined clusters. Furthermore, the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm demonstrates superior computational efficiency as a result of the CAP algorithm generating well-structured pre-clusters better than those generated by the k-means++ algorithm. This significantly reduces the computational burden of the cluster refinement process. Overall, using Manhattan distance as a fingerprint similarity metric results in the best clustering performance of the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm. These findings underscore the potential of the CAP-DBSCAN algorithm for practical applications in resource-constrained fingerprint-based localizati

关键词： K-means clustering

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ESP32 Microcontroller based Lightweight TLS 1.3 Client for IoT Applications

ESP32 Microcontroller based Lightweight TLS 1.3 Client for I...

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International Conference on Radioelektronika

作者： Jaroslav Pajkos Eva Kupcova Matus Pleva Milos Drutarovsky Department of Electronics and Multimedia Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University Kosice Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798331544478

ISBN: (纸本)9798331544485

This article presents the implementation of a lightweight TLS 1.3 client that uses a minimal subset of cryptographic algorithms and libraries to achieve efficient and secure communication. Core algorithms were selected to ensure compatibility with most web servers, and a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator was integrated to enhance security. The client employs lightweight C/C++ libraries optimized for embedded systems and the Internet of Things, reducing resource consumption while maintaining essential security features. Designed with portability in mind, nonessential functions were removed to minimize memory usage and computational overhead. Session resumption was implemented to enable efficient reconnections without requiring a full TLS handshake. The article also provides execution times for cryptographic functions on the ESP32-C6 platform, offering insight into the performance of the proposed solution.

关键词： Performance evaluation Quantum computing Protocols Embedded systems Microcontrollers Libraries Web servers Generators Cryptography Internet of Things

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Low-Cost Bluetooth-Based Testbed for Wireless Connectivity Testing

Low-Cost Bluetooth-Based Testbed for Wireless Connectivity T...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Mateusz Groth Jakub Lecki Krzysztof Nyka Lukasz Kulas Department of Microwave and Antenna Engineering Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (数字)9788831299107

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366327

As wireless communication technologies and IoT networks expand, there is a growing need for cost-effective, flexible testbeds to evaluate new designs, algorithms, and hardware. Existing testing solutions are often expensive or are limited in scope, which opens up a gap for accessible tools that support diverse wireless experiments. This research addresses this need by developing a low-cost, multi-purpose testbed using Nordic NRF52840 dongles and Raspberry Pi Zero, capable of performing a wide range of tests. The testbed, arranged in a star topology with 36 controllable agents, collects key performance metrics such as Packet Error Rate (PER) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) over time. Validation experiments demonstrated the system's effectiveness in measuring wireless performance under real-world conditions, including jamming. This testbed offers a scalable and affordable platform for wireless communication research, providing a valuable tool for academia and industry to develop next-generation wireless technologies.

关键词： Wireless communication Antenna measurements Wireless sensor networks Protocols Interference Frequency measurement Received signal strength indicator Jamming Testing Antenna radiation patterns

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Leveraging Activation Maps for Improved Acoustic Events Detection and Classification

Leveraging Activation Maps for Improved Acoustic Events Dete...

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Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements and Applications (SPA)

作者： M. Szczodrak J. Kotus P. Szczuko G. Szwoch Multimedia System Department Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (数字)9788362065486

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373806

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the accuracy of deep learning models for acoustic event detection and classification in real-world environments. We introduce a method that leverages activation maps to identify and address model overfitting, combined with an expert-knowledge-based event detection algorithm for data pre-processing. Our approach significantly improved classification performance, increasing the F1 score from 0.65 in the baseline model to 0.96 in the optimized model. The method was evaluated on a diverse validation dataset of 100 samples per each of 8 classes of urban acoustic events, including gunshots, explosions, and screams. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) visualizations confirmed that our enhanced model focuses on relevant signal components, reducing reliance on irrelevant background information. Additionally, our expert detection module enables efficient online processing by bypassing the classifier for non-event signals. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of combining explainable AI techniques with domain expertise to improve the robustness and efficiency of acoustic event classification systems.

关键词： Deep learning Adaptation models Accuracy Event detection Explainable AI Training data Signal processing algorithms Predictive models Acoustics Classification algorithms

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Driver fatigue detection method based on facial image analysis

Driver fatigue detection method based on facial image analys...

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Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI

作者： S. Cichocka J. Ruminski Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (数字)9798350362916

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362923

Nowadays, ensuring road safety is a crucial issue that demands continuous development and measures to minimize the risk of accidents. This paper presents the development of a driver fatigue detection method based on the analysis of facial images. To monitor the driver's condition in real-time, a video camera was used. The method of detection is based on analyzing facial features related to the mouth area and eyes, such as the frequency of blinking and yawning, mouth aspect ratio (MAR), and the duration of eye closure. The method was implemented in Python using a convolutional neural network (CNN). To validate the method, a dataset was created containing eye images that were subjected to various modifications, including the use of corrective glasses. The model's results confirm the method's effectiveness in detecting fatigue, achieving an average accuracy of 92% for eye detection and 82% for yawning detection under well-lit conditions.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Accuracy Mouth Streaming media Fatigue Cameras Road safety

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Unleashing the Full Potential: Increasing the Bit Configuration Options in Configurable Ring Oscillator PUF

Unleashing the Full Potential: Increasing the Bit Configurat...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Husam Kareem Oliver Krammer Dmitriy Dunaev Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Electronics Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798350387025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387032

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are essential primitives for enhancing hardware security, leveraging the variations in physical characteristics of integrated circuits (ICs) that happen during the manufacturing process. Among various PUF designs, the Ring Oscillator (RO) PUF offers design simplicity and high performance. However, RO-PUFs have been limited in their input-output combinations or what is referred to as challenge-response pairs (CRPs) within the scope of PUFs, classifying them as weak PUFs. Consequently, increasing the CRPs size of the RO-PUF will result in an enhancement of the PUF's overall security attributes. Increasing the CRPs size of a RO-PUF can be achieved through two main methods. Firstly, by increasing the number of ring oscillators in the design which leads to greater hardware demands. Secondly, configurability can be introduced into the individual ring oscillators of the RO-PUF without imposing a substantial demand on hardware resources. Therefore, this paper utilizes the configurability approach to maximize the size of the CRPs set. The evaluation process conducted in this study demonstrates that the proposed design provides excellent results across several performance metrics.

关键词： Ring oscillators Measurement Integrated circuits Electric potential Manufacturing processes Hardware security Artificial neural networks

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Biodegradable Comb Sensor Based on 3D Printed Conductive Polylactic Acid

Biodegradable Comb Sensor Based on 3D Printed Conductive Pol...

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International Spring Seminar on electronics Technology

作者： Peter Lukacs Tomas Lenger Igor Vehec Mark Krajcsa Department of Technologies in Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Kosice Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798350385472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385489

This paper deals with the development of a biodegradable humidity and water level comb sensors (interdigital capacitive sensors) based on conductive 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The paper explores the sensors’ design, fabrication process, and measurements of the capacitance of the realized comb sensors. Various dimensions of comb sensors (width of the sensors, width and thickness of electrodes and the width of isolation gaps as well) have been tested and analyzed during experiments. The practical testing and measurements have been carried out by using the Arduino UNO board under different conditions. The tested comb sensors were applied and analyzed as a standard humidity sensor for detect the presence of moisture and as a water level sensor. The 3D printed PLA based sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and stability in monitoring humidity levels, making it a promising solution for applications in sustainable and environmentally friendly applications. This research not only contributes to the field of humidity sensing but also highlights the potential of 3D printed biodegradable sensors for a wide range of applications in sustainable and green technology.

关键词： Electrodes Three-dimensional displays Sensitivity Programmable logic arrays Humidity Capacitive sensors Sensors

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