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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Simulation approach for optimal design of vacuum cooling on broccoli by simulated annealing technique

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 111-115页

作者： Ding Tian W.A.L.Alves S.A.Araujo J.C.C.Santana Ling Jiangang Chen Jianchu Liu Donghong Department of Food Science and Nutrition School of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Industrial Engineering Post Graduation Program Nine July University05001-100São PauloBrazil Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo 315040P.R.China Fuli Institute of Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

Water-spraying is regarded as an effective method to reduce the weight loss of product during vacuum cooling *** study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum cooling factors on the weight loss of postharvest broccoli,and attempted to optimize the treatment conditions by simulated annealing(SA)*** algorithm based on simulated annealing meta-heuristic technique was developed to identify the optimum condition for vacuum cooling treatment of *** demonstrated that the SA algorithm could adjust well with the simulation of the broccoli cooling *** best condition was at 200 Pa of pressure,274 g broccoli,6% of water volume and 40 min processing *** this condition,a product with only 0.35% of weight loss and 1.48℃ final temperature was *** developed method may help to effectively control the weight loss during vacuum cooling process and reducing the economic loss.

关键词： broccoli vacuum cooling simulated annealing optimization

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SAR simulations of EMF exposure due to tablet operation close to the user's body

SAR simulations of EMF exposure due to tablet operation clos...

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SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics (IMOC)

作者： Juliana Borges Ferreira Álvaro Augusto Almeida de Salles Claudio Enrique Fernández-Rodriguez Post-graduation program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul Federal Institute for Education Canoas RS Brazil

This paper shows an analysis of the interaction of the electromagnetic field generated by a tablet with three different models of human heads: a homogeneous model Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) and two heterogeneous models: an adult man and a child. The assessing dosimetric parameters used are the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) computed by SEMCAD X. The distance between the tablet and the head models varies from 50 mm to 200 mm. The SAR decreases with the distance. The higher SAR values were obtained for SAM while the smaller for the adult. All the results are below the safety recommendations from the International Commission Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Federal Communications Committee (FCC).

关键词： Phantoms Specific absorption rate Antennas Head Computational modeling Magnetic heads Dielectrics

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Feature selection based on binary particle swarm optimization and neural networks for pathological voice detection

Feature selection based on binary particle swarm optimizatio...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： Taciana A. Souza Micael A. Souza Washington C. de A. Costa Silvana C. Costa Suzete E. N. Correia Vinícius J. D. Vieira Academic Unity of Industry Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraíba João Pessoa Brasil Academic Unity of Industry Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraíba João Pessoa Brasil Electrical Engineering Post-graduation Program Federal University of Campina Grande João Pessoa Brazil Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande PB BR

Laryngeal pathologies directly affect the quality of the voice. In the last years, digital signal processing techniques have been applied for detection of vocal fold pathologies through speech signal analysis. In this work, a binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is employed for the selection of the most significative features in a pathological voice detection system. The discrimination between healthy and pathological speech signals are obtained by 52 Haralick texture features, extracted from two-dimensional wavelet coefficients of the speech signals recurrence plots. The fitness function adopted is based in the maxima accuracy rate. Experimental results show that the use of PSO increased the accuracy rates with a minimum number of features.

关键词： Feature extraction Speech Pathology Wavelet transforms Particle swarm optimization Neural networks

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Basal repertoire of toxin-related transcripts in the zoanthid Protopalythoa variabilis(Cnidaria,Anthozoa)

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2015年第S1期29卷 104-104页

作者： ChenHUANG Jean-EtienneRLMORLIGHEM HefengZHOU EricaPatríciaLIMA PaulaBragaGOMES CarlosDanielPEREZ InchioLOU SimonMingYuenLEE GRadis-BAPTISTA State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macao Northeast Biotechnology Network Post-graduation program in Biotechnology Federal University of Ceara Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Institute for Marine Sciences Federal University of Ceara Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Macao Macao China

OBJECTIVE To analyze the whole transcriptome of zoanthid Protopalythoa variabilis(***),a cnidarian,and discover the potential toxic substances in *** The *** RNA deep sequencing was performed using the HiSeq 2500 automatic sequencing *** the unigenes generated from the assembly process were functionally annotated based on the similarity with *** multiple alignments of translated toxin-related sequences were performed with Clustalw2,and amino acid identity and similarity highlighted by using BoxShade *** different methods including ITASSER,PEP-FOLD and MODELLER were applied to predict tri-dimensional models of toxin-related polypeptides from translated transcript sequences of *** toxicity of one of the putative toxins,namely ShK/Aurelin-like peptide,was evaluated using zebrafish *** A total of 67,549,914 pairs of quality-filtered,90-base-pair Illumina reads from an mRNA sample were *** de novo assemblies yielded 276,526 *** sequence comparison of 130,121 unigenes with entries in Toxin database showed that 1542 unigenes were potential peptide toxins at which 11 unigenes were related to Stichodactyla toxin(ShK)domain(Pfam ID:PF01549).ShK is a 35 residues peptide sequence that was firstly discovered from the sea anemone Stichodactyla ***,we found out one ShK-like peptide that processed a relatively higher sequence similarity with known ShK(Uniprot ID:P29186)of Bunodosoma granuliferum(red warty sea anemone).The Protopalythoa Shk-like peptide was submitted to Probis server to detect probable binding site and found to match with a protein AURELIN(PDB id:2lg4,UniProt id:Q0MWV8)which possesses structural homology with previously identified antimicrobial peptides and K+-channel-blocking *** results showed that the ShK/Aurelin-like peptide was lethal to zebrafish embryos at concentrations above 30-μmol·L1,and could induce zebrafish locomotor deficit at 10μmol

关键词： zoanthidea transcriptome peptide toxin Protopalyth

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Analysis of synthetic natural gas injection into charcoal blast furnace

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Journal of Materials Research and technology 2013年第3期2卷 255-262页

作者： Rocha, Elisa Pinto Da Guilherme, Vagner Silva De Castro, José Adilson Sazaki, Yasushi Yagi, Jun-Ichiro Post-Graduation Program in Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Environmental Metallurgy Laboratory Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Recently, the synthetic natural gas (SNG) has been available for large consumers in the Brazilian domestic market. The SNG is a suitable fuel with potential use to several processes and facilities of the steel industry. This paper investigates the injection of SNG into charcoal blast furnaces as a substitute for granular charcoal charged from the top and pulverized charcoal injections with potential increase of productivity and decrease of specific CO2 emissions. In order to study the effect of replacement of granular charcoal and injection of pulverized charcoal the well known Blast Furnace Five Fluid Model (BF-FFM) is applied to describe detailed phenomena within the process. This model treats the blast furnace as a five-phase reactor, accounting for gas, lump solids (raw iron ore, sinter, pellets and granular charcoal), hot metal, pulverized charcoal, and molten slag. The model is based on conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species numerically solved based on the finite volume method (FVM). The SNG has high amount of H2 and strongly affects the inner conditions of the reactor and only a comprehensive model with detailed chemical reaction rates can properly predict the inner parameters of the process and hence furnish useful information to design smooth operational conditions. The simulation results obtained in this study indicated that smooth operations using SNG up to 25 N m3/t of pig iron could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the productivity up to 58% and with a decrease of 40 kg/thm on the granular charcoal charged. © 2013 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Steelmaking

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Assessment of geodetic coordinates processed using different baselines 10

Assessment of geodetic coordinates processed using different...

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10th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental sciences, Accuracy 2012

作者： Tanajura, Elmo Leonardo Xavier Gonçalvez, Rodrigo Mikosz Da Penha Pacheco, Admilson Krueger, Cláudia Pereira Rio Branco AC Brazil Geodetic Science and Technology of Geoinformation Post Graduation Program Recife PE Brazil Curitiba PR Brazil

The relative kinematic methods of GNSS positioning are characterized by the movement of a rover station, tracking simultaneously at least one fixed base station, for trajectory coordinate solution. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of geodetic coordinates from kinematic surveying, processed using different baselines. The relative kinematic surveying was made with a GPS receiver along a sand spur located in Ilha do Mel in Paraná State, Brazil. Use was made of 4 base stations for data processing, where 3 stations belonged to the Brazilian network called Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo (RBMC): NEIA;UFPR, and IMBT. A fourth station called CASA was a static base station near the survey. After data processing, these stations generated baselines with lengths averaging around 0.7km, 70km, 90km and 300km for vectors generated by CASA, NEIA, UFPR and IMBT, respectively. The vectors were classified according to the ambiguities solution. The survey precision limit was fixed to 0.1m + 1 ppm for horizontal and vertical coordinates. The tridimensional standard deviations in meters obtained in processing were 0.044;0.321;2.522;7.00. The deviations values obtained, represent the degradation of generated coordinates, where their values increase depending on the increase of baseline.

关键词： Base stations

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3D-printed scaffolds for the cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第24期46卷 361-366页

作者： Daniela Steffens Rodrigo A. Rezende Bruna Santi Frederico D.A.S. de Pereira Jorge V.L. da Silva Patricia Pranke Paulo Inforçatti Neto Post-graduation program of Biological Science – Phisiology Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel:+5551 3308-5257) Division of 3D Technologies Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI) Campinas SP Brazil (Tel: +5519 3746-6203) Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel:+5551 3308-5257) Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Stem Cell Research Institute Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel: +5551 3308-5275)

Tissue engineering is a tool which is currently under a great deal of investigation for the development and/or restoration of tissue and organs; it combines cell therapy and biomaterials for this aim. Rapid prototyping is a versatile technology which constructs polymer based-scaffolds with strict control of its architecture. The aim of this work, therefore, has been to investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells with the biomaterials obtained by rapid prototyping. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and biological assays were performed to analyze this interaction. As results, the number of viable cells attached to the scaffolds was lower when compared to the control group; however, it was possible to observe cells in the scaffolds since day 1 of analysis, with regions of confluence after 21 days of seeding. It could be concluded, therefore, that these biomaterials are interesting for use as a medical device, principally in tissue with prolonged regeneration time and which require good mechanical properties.

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Baru almonds from different regions of the Brazilian Savanna: Implications on physical and nutritional characteristics

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Agricultural sciences 2012年第5期3卷 745-754页

作者： Ludmila P. Czeder Daniela C. Fernandes Jullyana B. Freitas Maria Margareth V. Naves Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Goiania GO Brazil Federal University of Goiás School of Agronomy and Food Engineering Pos-Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology Goiania GO Brazil Federal University of Goiás School of Nutrition Experimental Nutrition Laboratory Goiania GO Brazil

While some reports show that physical characteristics of the baru fruits (Dipteryx alata Vog.) differ within and among the Brazilian Savanna regions, a study shows that there are differences in the nutritional composition of baru almonds from different trees from the same Savanna area. It is unknown, however, whether the Savanna’s region influences the nutritional quality of this native almond. Thus, we evaluated the influence of East, Southeast and West regions of the Brazilian Savanna on physical characteristics, nutrient composition and protein quality of the baru almond. Chemical composition and amino acid profile were analyzed, and Amino Acid Score (AAS), Net Protein Ratio (NPR), and Protein Digestibility–Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) were estimated. The physical characteristics significantly differed within but not among regions. The protein (310 g kg-1), lipid (410 g·kg-1), fiber (120 g·kg-1) and calcium (1,300 mg·kg-1) contents of baru almonds were high, with significant differences among regions for insoluble fiber content (94.3 - 128.3 g·kg-1) and amino acid profile (AAS = 77% - 89%). The relative NPR (RNPR) values were similar among regions (mean value of RNPR = 71%), and the PDCAAS values ranged from 65 to 73%. The region of the Brazilian Savanna influences the fiber and amino acid profiles, but not the total content of nutrients, the protein quality and the physical characteristics of the native baru almonds. The baru almond is a potential food as source of complementary protein for healthy diets and as a nutritious raw material for various food systems.

关键词： Dipteryx Alata Vog. Edible Seeds Nuts Savanna Nutritive Value Amino Acids

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Evaluation of thermal comfort in an operating room ventilated with spiral diffuser jet

Evaluation of thermal comfort in an operating room ventilate...

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10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012

作者： Pereira, Marcelo Luiz Vilain, Rogério Felix, Victor Tribess, Arlindo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Santa Catarina São José Brazil University of São Paulo Polytechnic School Program of Post-Graduation in Mechanical Engineering Brazil Cruzeiro Do sul University São Paulo Brazil University of São Paulo Polytechnic School Department of Mechanical Engineering São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480758

This work evaluated thermal comfort conditions in an operating room ventilated with spiral diffuser jet. The objective is to asses conditions of local thermal discomfort of the patient and the surgical team in this kind of environment using the concept of equivalent temperatures and a manikin with heated sensors. The results showed a very small change in the equivalent temperatures in different parts of the body for the surgeon, the nurse and the patient, It occurs due to the air distribution system with spiral diffuser jet that provides more homogeneous conditions of heat exchange. However, there were higher equivalent temperatures on the head of the surgeon and the nurse and on the patient's chest, because of the heat exchange by radiation with the surgical focus.

关键词： Operating rooms

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