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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第2期83卷 1-261页

作者： Saowaluck Tibpromma Kevin D.Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Jian-Kui Liu D.Jayarama Bhat E.B.Gareth Jones Eric H.C.McKenzie Erio Camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Mingkwan Doilom AndreLuiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago Kanad Das Patinjareveettil Manimohan Tatiana B.Gibertoni Young Woon Lim Anusha Hasini Ekanayaka Benjarong Thongbai Hyang Burm Lee Jun-Bo Yang Paul M.Kirk Phongeun Sysouphanthong Sanjay K.Singh Saranyaphat Boonmee Wei Dong K.N.Anil Raj K.P.Deepna Latha Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Sirinapa Konta Subashini C.Jayasiri Chada Norphanphoun Danushka S.Tennakoon Junfu Li Monika C.Dayarathne Rekhani H.Perera Yuanpin Xiao Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Indunil C.Senanayake Ishani D.Goonasekara N.Ide Silva Ausana Mapook Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Asha J.Dissanayake Ishara S.Manawasinghe K.W.Thilini Chethana Zong-Long Luo Kalani Kanchana Hapuarachchi Abhishek Baghela Adriene Mayra Soares Alfredo Vizzini Angelina Meiras-Ottoni Armin Mesic Arun Kumar Dutta Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza Christian Richter Chuan-Gen Lin Debasis Chakrabarty Dinushani A.Daranagama Diogo Xavier Lima Dyutiparna Chakraborty Enrico Ercole Fang Wu Giampaolo Simonini Gianrico Vasquez Gladstone Alves da Silva Helio Longoni Plautz Jr Hiran A.Ariyawansa Hyun Lee Ivana Kusan Jie Song Jingzu Sun Joydeep Karmakar Kaifeng Hu Kamal C.Semwal Kasun M.Thambugala Kerstin Voigt Krishnendu Acharya Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar Leif Ryvarden Margita Jadan MdIqbal Hosen Michal Miksık Milan C.Samarakoon Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nam Kyu Kim Neven Matocec Paras Nath Singh Qing Tian R.P.Bhatt Rafael JoseVilela de Oliveira Rodham E.Tulloss S.Aamir Saithong Kaewchai Sayali D.Marathe Sehroon Khan Sinang Hongsanan Sinchan Adhikari Tahir Mehmood Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhyay Tatyana YuSvetasheva Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen Vladimır Antonın Wen-Jing Li Yong Wang Yuvraj Indoliya Zdenko Tkalcec Abdallah M.Elgorban Ali H.Bahkali Alvin M.C.Tang Hong-Yan Su Huang Zhang Itthayakorn Promputtha Jennifer Luangsa-ard Jianchu Xu Jiye Yan Kang Ji-Chuan Marc Stadler Pete Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18Forlı`Italy A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini” C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa`per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityTaleigaoGoaIndia No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia 33 B St.Edwards Road Southsea Hants Hampshire PO53DHUK Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Division of Applied Science College of International EducationThe Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SARChina PostGraduate Program in Biology of Fungi Department of MycologyFederal University of PernambucoAv.Nelson Chavess/nRecifePE 50670-420Brazil Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China Environmental Microbiology Lab Division of Food TechnologyBiotechnology&AgrochemistryCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityYongbong-Dong 300Buk-GuGwangju 61186Korea Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Yunnan Institute of Food Safety Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500YunnanPeople’s Republic

This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and *** addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ***ever new species or combinations are proposed,we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever *** on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae,Didysimulans ***.,81 new species,18 new host records and new country records,five reference specimens,two new combinations,and three sexual and asexual morph *** new species are Amanita cornelii,***,Angustimassarina alni,***,***,***,***,Ascochyta italica,***,Austroboletus appendiculatus,Barriopsis thailandica,Berkleasmium ariense,Calophoma petasitis,Camarosporium laburnicola,***,***,***,***,Colletotrichum sambucicola,Coprinopsis cerkezii,Cytospora gelida,Dacrymyces chiangraiensis,Didysimulans italica,***,Entodesmium italica,Entoloma magnum,Evlachovaea indica,Exophiala italica,Favolus gracilisporus,Femsjonia monospora,Fomitopsis flabellata,***,Gongronella brasiliensis,Helvella crispoides,Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis,***nae,Hysterium centramurum,Inflatispora caryotae,Inocybe brunneosquamulosa,***,***,Keissleriella cirsii,Lepiota cylindrocystidia,***,***,Lophiotrema guttulata,Marasmius luculentus,Morenoina calamicola,Moelleriella thanathonensis,Mucor stercorarius,Myrmecridium fluviae,Myrothecium septentrionale,Neosetophoma garethjonesii,Nigrograna cangshanensis,Nodulosphaeria guttulatum,***tata,***,Panus subf

关键词： Agaricomycetes Ascomycota Basidiomycota Dacrymycetes Dothideomycetes Eurotiomycetes New combination Mucoromycotina New genus New records New species Pezizomycetes Phylogeny Sordariomycetes Taxonomy

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A stochastic-fuzzy programming model with soften constraints for electricity generation planning with greenhouse-gas abatement

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International Journal of Energy Research 2013年第8期37卷 843-856页

作者： Li, Y.P. Huang, G.H. MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization S-C Resources and Environmental Research Academy North China Electric Power Univ Beijing 102206 China Formerly at Environmental Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Univ. of Regina Regina Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is widely being considered as the main driving factor that causes the phenomenon of global warming, due to the ever-boosting use of fossil fuels. In this study, a fuzzy-stochastic programming model with soft constraints (FSP-SC) is developed for electricity generation planning and greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement in an environment with imprecise and probabilistic information. The developed FSP-SC is applied to a case study of long-term planning of a regional electricity generation system, where integer programming technique is employed to facilitate dynamic analysis for capacity expansion within a multi-period context to satisfy increasing electricity demand. The results indicate different relaxation levels can lead to changed electricity generation options, capacity expansion schemes, system costs, and GHG emissions. Several sensitivity analyses are also conducted to demonstrate that relaxation of different constraints have different effects on system cost and GHG emission. Tradeoffs among system costs, resource availabilities, GHG emissions, and electricity-shortage risks can also be tackled with the relaxation levels for the objective and constraints. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Greenhouse gases

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Fungal diversity notes 253-366:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第3期78卷 1-237页

作者： Guo Jie Li Kevin D.Hyde Rui Lin Zhao Sinang Hongsanan Faten Awad Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Pablo Alvarado Genivaldo Alves-Silva Joseph F.Ammirati Hiran A.Ariyawansa Abhishek Baghela Ali Hassan Bahkali Michael Beug D.Jayarama Bhat Dimitar Bojantchev Thitiya Boonpratuang Timur S.Bulgakov Erio Camporesi Marcela CBoro Oldriska Ceska Dyutiparna Chakraborty Jia Jia Chen K.W.Thilini Chethana Putarak Chomnunti Giovanni Consiglio Bao Kai Cui Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani A.Daranagama Kanad Das Monika C.Dayarathne Eske De Crop Rafael J.V.De Oliveira Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza JoséIde Souza Bryn T.M.Dentinger Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom E.Ricardo Drechsler-Santos Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Sean P.Gilmore Aristóteles Góes-Neto MichałGorczak Charles H.Haitjema Kalani Kanchana Hapuarachchi Akira Hashimoto Mao Qiang He John K.Henske Kazuyuki Hirayama Maria J.Iribarren Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Sun Jeong Jeon Gustavo H.Jerônimo Ana L.Jesus E.B.Gareth Jones Ji Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Sirinapa Konta Eric Kuhnert Ewald Langer Haeng Sub Lee Hyang Burm Lee Wen Jing Li Xing Hong Li Kare Liimatainen Diogo Xavier Lima Chuan Gen Lin Jian Kui Liu Xings Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu J.Jennifer Luangsa-ard Robert Lücking H.Thorsten Lumbsch Saisamorn Lumyong Eduardo M.Leaño Agostina V.Marano Misato Matsumura Eric H.C.McKenzie Suchada Mongkolsamrit Peter E.Mortimer Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen Tuula Niskanen Chada Norphanphoun Michelle A.O’Malley Sittiporn Parnmen Julia Pawłowska Rekhani H.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Carmen L.A.Pires-Zottarelli Olivier Raspé Mateus A.Reck Sarah C.O.Rocha AndréL.C.M.Ade Santiago Indunil C.Senanayake Ledo Setti Qiu Ju Shang Sanjay K.Singh Esteban B.Sir Kevin V.Solomon Jie Song Prasert Srikitikulchai Marc Stadler Satinee Suetrong Hayato Takahashi Takumasa Takahashi Kazuaki Tanaka Li Ping Tang Kasun M.Thambugala Donnaya Thanakitpipattana Michael K.Theodorou Benjarong Thongbai Tuksaporn Thummarukcharoen Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Annemieke State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo 31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt ALVALAB C/La Rochela nº47E-39012 SantanderSpain Micolab Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de FungosAlgas e PlantasDepartamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaCampus Universitário TrindadeCEP:88040-900 FlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil Department of Biology University of WashingtonBox 351800SeattleWA 98195-1800USA Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China National Fungal Culture Collection of India(NFCCI) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology GroupMACS’Agharkar Research InstituteG.G.Agarkar RoadPune 411004India PO Box 116 HusumWA 98623-0116USA Formerly Department of BotanyGoa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha 403108India *** 345 Shipwatch LaneHerculesCA 94547USA Microbe Interaction Laboratory(BMIT) BIOTECNational Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)113 Thailand Science ParkThanon PhahonyothinTombon Khlong NuengAmphoeKhlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don 344090Rostov regionRussia A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese BAntonio“Cicognani” Via Roma Forlì Italy 18 A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144Bagnacavallo

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference *** geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are *** the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are *** introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,***,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,***,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,***,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,***,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,***,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora *** combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium ***,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,P

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Neocallimastigomycota Oomycota.Zygomycota Phylogeny Taxonomy New genus New species

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A statistical method for estimating the life expectancy of certain shipboard equipment

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第1期114卷 27-32页

作者： Smith, DE Breslin, DA Toms, GS DENNIS E. SMITH PH.D. is a statistical consultant for Geo-Centers Inc. He received a B.A. in mathe-matics (magna cum laude) from Wabash College and an M.S. in mathematics an M.S. in statistics and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wisconsin. From November 1973 until February 1999 he was President and Principal Statistician at Desmatics Inc. where he participated in a number of studies involving the application of statistical methods to various technical problems in the Navy's environmental-protection and auxiliary-machinery programs. Dr. Smith was instrumental in developing the statistical procedures underlying the Navy's ODS reserve monitoring plan. DAVID A. BRESLIN P.E. is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the chairperson of ASNE's Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech a master of engineering administration in indus-trial & systems engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC & Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recogni-tion of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. GREGORY S. TOMS P.E. is the CFC & Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center) where he worked on the development of advanced cent

This paper reviews an inexpensive statistical-sampling methodology that can be used to determine the attrition rates of certain types of shipboard equipment. The methodology relies on surveys that are conducted in conjunction with regularly scheduled ship visits over a period of time and a statistical analysis of the survey results. The statistical technique allows for reasonably accurate estimates to be made of attrition rates. The specific example cited in this paper is related to galley-type refrigeration equipment, such as salad chillers, beverage dispensers, et cetera. In the case of galley-type refrigeration equipment, the Navy needs to know whether the Fleet's inventory of equipment relying on Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) will be replaced through natural attrition by the end of fiscal year (FY) 2005, at which time supplies of ODS-based refrigerants will no longer be available for use by ship galleys. This paper outlines the process used to gather data, the analysis of the data, and concludes that the Navy's inventory of galley equipment using Class I ODSs will be replaced through natural attrition by the end of FY05. The methodology reviewed by this paper has wider applications. For various types of shipboard equipment, the methodology can also be used to estimate with reasonable accuracy life expectancies, configurations, conditions, and other items of interest.

关键词： Ship equipment

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Monitoring the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第4期114卷 95-104页

作者： Smith, DE Breslin, DA Toms, GS Norton, P DENNIS E. SMITH PH.D. is currently a statistical consultant for GEO-CENTERS INC. He received a B.A. in Mathematics (magna cum laude)from Wabash College and an M.S. in mathematics an M.S. in statistics and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wisconsin. From November 1973 until February 1999 he was president and principal statistician at Desmatics Inc. where he participated in a number of studies involving the application of statistical methods to various technical problems in the Navy's environmental-protection and auxiliary-machinery programs. Dr. Smith was instrumental in developing the statistical procedures underlying the Navy's ODS reserve monitoring plan. DAVID A. BRESLIN P.E. is the director of technical operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and chairs the ASNE/SNAME Joint Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech a master of engineering administration in industrial and systems engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC and Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. GREGORY S. TOMS P.E. is the CFC &Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center)where he worked on the development of advanced cent

The domestic production of the most powerful ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained Fleet operations into the middle of the century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may face similar challenges. This is the third of three papers that cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. Breslin (1999) documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support Fleet operations until the middle of the century. Breslin, Smith, and Toms (2000) addressed in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. This paper discusses the Navy's plan for monitoring the Navy's strategic reserves of ODSs and describes the methods used in the monitoring process. In particular it discusses the underlying assumptions and statistical techniques associated with the Navy's prediction of the expected drawdown of the reserves. A comparison of actual data, collected since the strategic reserves began operations in 1995, with the predicted reserve drawdown, is included in the paper.

关键词： Marine engineering

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Navy's CFC & Halon elimination program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第1期112卷 91-112页

作者： Toms, GS Breslin, DA Brunner, GP Thill, JC Gregory S. Toms RE:is the CFC & Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center) where he worked on the development of advanced centrifugal compressor air conditioning plants for shipboard applications. He received the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1998 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of his exceptional leadership and technical achievements in eliminating ozone-depleting substances from Navy ships. He is licensed as a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Texas. David A. Breslin P.E.:is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of the ASNE Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 a master of engineering administration in industrial & systems engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1985. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC & Halon Elimination Program. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. Gregory P. Brunner:was employed by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center and Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) from 1983 until 1997. From 1993 to 1997 he served as the R&D program manager for the NAVSEA CFC & Halon Elimination Program Office. Program efforts resulted in the development of new refrigerants for backfit into existing shipboard air-conditioning

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of inexpensive refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy's original strategy of conserving ODSs, converting systems and processes where feasible, relying on strategic reserves where necessary, and developing "ozone-friendly" equip ment for new-design surface ships and submarines is succeeding. The purpose of this paper is to document the Navy's efforts to date relative to combating the threat to uninterrupted Fleet operations posed by the cessation of ODS production. Specifically, this paper addresses the Navy's shipboard conversion programs for air-conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems, the development of next-generation AC&R systems, the selection of halon substitutes for new-construction fire-fighting systems, and the Navy's alternative to CFC-113 in the cleaning of critical oxygen systems.

关键词： conversion program Ozone depleting substances trichlorotrifluoroethane GRANTS fire fighting strategic reserves Solvents oxygen systems Submarine Halons

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