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Affordance Based Approach to Automatic Program Generation for Industrial Robots in Manufacturing

Procedia CIRP 2018年 76卷 133-137页

作者： Oliver Heimann Jörg Krüger Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Pascalstr 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Due to the increasing demand for flexible and low-cost production, manufacturing solutions involving human robot interaction have become much sought-after. Robotic manufacturers meet the demand with a rising number of low cost robots specifically designed around safety and usability. However, the programming is still based on a tool centric teach-in. This paper discusses an affordance based approach for process programming in industrial manufacturing. Using low level feature detection and a consecutive evaluation, a fast programming method for industrial applications is presented. The paper presents the concept and a prototypic implementation for a welding process. Using the affordance detection, the system is able to identify relevant seams based on an image of the work space. The identified seams are then presented to the user for review with the means of augmented reality. Lastly, the system derives a welding program based on the detected seams. First experiments show promising results concerning programming speed and path accuracy for different work piece shapes and task definitions. Finally, based on the experience gained with the prototype, the outlook discusses the possibilities and further fields for future work.

关键词： Robot Welding Programming

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Precision enhancement technologies for multi-axis ultra precision machining of freeform optical elements with variable micro/nano structures

Precision enhancement technologies for multi-axis ultra prec...

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ASPEN/ASPE 2017 Spring Topical Meeting on Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications

作者： Uhlmann, E. Kühne, S. Jagodzinski, M. Widemann, R. Haskic, K. Institute for Machine Tools Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany LT ULTRA-PRECISION TECHNOLOGY GmbH Herdwangen-Schönach Germany

Aspherical and freeform optics receive uprising attention, due to their advantages in terms of aberrations and reduction of system volume, for example in spectroscopic applications. An additional surface structuring e... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781510853546

关键词： Enhancement Technologies Optical Component precision machining aberrations MULTIAXIAL surface structure reduction Precision

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Study on sustainability developments in industrial practice

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Procedia Manufacturing 2018年 21卷 345-352页

作者： Kai Lindow Andrea Kaluza Rainer Stark Fraunhofer-Institute Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 Office PTZ4 10587 Berlin Germany

Traditionally, manufacturing companies focus on the value-adding processes at production sites but during the last decades, life-cycle thinking is emphasized. The principle of Sustainable Development contributes as a significant driver for this way of thinking. It demands manufacturing companies to implement sustainable aspects into their engineering actions. The state of the art shows that theoretical solutions to integrate sustainability into a company exist at all corporate levels (normative, strategic and operational). Against this background, the question arises how companies are actually implementing sustainability. Within this study, the company’s internal implementations were examined. Eventually, the need for action is identified and future recommendations are described.

关键词： Life-cycle thinking Sustainability Sustainable Development Responsibility

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Enabling Human-Robot-Interaction via Virtual and Augmented Reality in Distributed Control systems

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 76卷 167-170页

作者： Jan Guhl Johannes Hügle Jörg Krüger Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

production and assembly lines are nowadays transforming into flexible and interconnected cells due to rapidly changing production demands. Changes are, for example, varying locations and poses for the processed work pieces and tools as well as the involved machinery like industrial robots. Even a variation in the combination or sequence of different production steps is possible. In case of older involved machines the task of reconfiguration and calibration can be time consuming. This may lead, in addition with the expected upcoming shortage of highly skilled workers, to future challenges, especially for small and medium sized enterprises. One possibility to address these challenges is to use distributed or cloud-based control for the participating machines. These approaches allow the use of more sophisticated and therefore in most cases computationally heavier algorithms than offered by classic monolithic controls. Those algorithms range from simple visual servoing applications to more complex scenarios, like sampling-based path planning in a previously 3D-reconstructed robot cell. Moving the computation of the machine’s reactions physically and logically away from the machine control complicates the supervision and verification of the computed robot paths and trajectories. This poses a potential threat to the machine’s operator since he/she is hardly capable of predicting or controlling the robot’s movements. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents a system which allows the user to interact with industrial robot and other cyber physical systems via augmented and virtual reality. Captured topics in this paper are the architecture and concept for the distributed system, first implementation details and promising results obtained by using a Microsoft HoloLens and other visualization devices.

关键词： Augmented reality Robot Human-machine interaction

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Utilization of Product Lifecycle Data from PLM systems in Platforms for Industrial Symbiosis

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Procedia Manufacturing 2017年 8卷 369-376页

作者： Halstenberg, Friedrich A. Lindow, Kai Stark, Rainer Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Germany Department for Virtual Product Creation Fraunhofer Institute Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

Industrial Symbiosis represents a promising approach to foster the transformation towards a circular economy. To involve businesses in Industrial Symbiosis, online platforms and input-output matching tools for facilitating the exchange of by-products have been provided by industry organizations and facilitators. Regarding the discrete parts and product manufacturing industry (DPPM), little success is being reported for such platforms and tools. Within the scope of this research, a list of Input-Output matching tools was analysed regarding data sources which are currently used for input-output Matching. Specifications of by-products in the DPPM industry were reviewed in order to identify a list of requirements for data sources. Shortcomings of the currently existing input-output matching tools were identified and suggestions for additional data sources used for input-output matching in IS in DPPM were given. Results show that datasets currently used do not include organisational data sources such as Product Data Management (PDM) systems, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems, and or Manufacturing Execution systems (MES). © 2017 The Authors

关键词： Industrial Ecology Industrial Symbiosis Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

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Enterprise Interoperability VII 1st ed. 2016

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丛书名： Proceedings of the I-ESA Conferences

2016年

作者： Kai Mertins Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves Keith Popplewell João P. Mendonça

ISBN: (数字)9783319309576

ISBN: (纸本)9783319309569

A concise reference to the state of the art in systems interoperability, Enterprise Interoperability VII will be of great value to engineers and computer scientists working in manufacturing and other process industries and to software engineers and electronic and manufacturing engineers working in the academic environment. Furthermore, it shows how knowledge of the meaning within information and the use to which it will be put have to be held in common between enterprises for consistent and efficient inter-enterprise networks. Over 30 papers, ranging from academic research through case studies to industrial and administrative experience of interoperability show how, in a scenario of globalised markets, where the capacity to cooperate with other organizations efficiently is essential in order to remain economically, socially and environmentally cost-effective, the most innovative digitized and networkedenterprises ensure that their systems and applications are able to interoperate across heterogeneous collaborative networks of independent organizations. This goal of interoperability is essential, not only from the perspective of the individual enterprise but also in the business structures that are now emerging, such as complex collaborating networks of suppliers and customers, virtual enterprises, interconnected organisations or extended enterprises, as well as in mergers and acquisitions. Establishing efficient and relevant collaborative situations requires the management of interoperability from a dynamic point of view: a relevant and efficient collaboration of organizations may require adaptation to remain in line with changing objectives, evolving resources, unexpected events, etc. Many of the papers contained in this, the eighth volume of Proceedings of the I-ESA Conferences have examples and illustrations calculated to deepen understanding and generate new ideas. The I-ESA16 Conference from which this book is drawn was organized by the Escola de Engenharia da

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Influence of heat input and preheating on the cooling rate, microstructure and mechanical properties at the hybrid laser-arc welding of API 5L X80 steel

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 74卷 748-751页

作者： G. Turichin M. Kuznetsov A. Pozdnyakov S. Gook A. Gumenyuk M. Rethmeier Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University Lotsmanskaya str. 3 Saint Petersburg 190121 Russian Federation Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Polytechnicheskaya str. 29 Saint Petersburg 195251 Russian Federation Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM Berlin Germany

This study investigates the influence of hybrid laser-arc welding parameters: heat input and preheating on the cooling rates, microstructure and mechanical properties of the welding joint. Samples from API 5L X80 steel with root thickness 14 mm were welded using welding wire MF 940 M. Decreasing cooling rate of welds from 588 °C/sec up to 152 °C/sec, weld metal hardness from 343±12 HV up to 276±6 HV and ultimate tensile strength from 1019.5±14 MPa up to 828±10 MPa and increasing bainite phase term of the weld metal was detected at the increasing preheating temperature up to 180 °C and maximal heat input. The mathematical relations of the input and output parameters were created using linear regression equations. Preheating temperature 180 °C allows increasing maximal welding speed up to more than 3.0 m/min with acceptable welding joint quality.

关键词： Hybrid laser-arc welding API 5L X80 steel cooling rate microstructure mechanical properties regression equations

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Concept and architecture for programming industrial robots using augmented reality with mobile devices like microsoft holoLens 22

Concept and architecture for programming industrial robots u...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2017

作者： Guhl, Jan Nguyen, Son Tung Krüger, Jörg Department of Industrial Automation Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509065059

This paper proposes a concept for human-robot interaction using techniques of virtual and augmented reality on mobile devices like cell phones and tablets or mixed reality devices like the HoloLens. By combining data received from real robots together with the perception and abilities of a human operator innovative applications are imaginable. Visualizing not only the current robot state but also the robots environment captured with different sensors and processed with both machine and human vision can lead to a rising percentage of robot assisted workplaces or robot installations. Since the visualization of and the interaction with the robotic application is not locally restricted new or improved use cases like remote maintenance or faster startup of industrial robots can be realized. Therefore, an architecture split into three functional units and an overview of our implementation is presented. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Surgical navigation with QR codes

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Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2016年第1期2卷 355-358页

作者： Katanacho, Manuel De la Cadena, Wladimir Engel, Sebastian Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8 – 9 Berlin 10587 Germany

The presented work is an alternative to established measurement systems in surgical navigation. The system is based on camera based tracking of QR code markers. The application uses a single video camera, integrated in a surgical lamp, that captures the QR markers attached to surgical instruments and to the patient. ©' 2016 Manuel Katanacho et al., licensee De Gruyter.

关键词： Gesture recognition

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An Efficiency-Oriented Batch Reduction Procedure for Hazardous Material

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Procedia Manufacturing 2018年 21卷 822-829页

作者： Friedrich A. Halstenberg Eleanor Y. Chen Guido Rumpel Ralph Schneider Rainer Stark Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr. 8-9 10707 Berlin Germany Technical University Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Siemens AG Mobility Division Ackerstraße 22 38126 Braunschweig Germany

Human activities generate more hazard wastes (HWs) than can be handled by the technologies available. Due to the rapid growth of industrial and commercial activities in past decades, the products as well as the wastes containing Hazardous Materials (HMs) have increased drastically in both volume and type. Avoiding and treating HMs thus represents a crucial task for the industry on the pathway to a sustainable future. In the present paper, an Efficiency-Oriented Batch Reduction Procedure (EO-BRP) is introduced, which aims at supporting plants in reducing the use of HMs. EO-BRP has been validated by reducing the HMs in three different production sites. The results show an increase of efficiency by allowing the analysis of a large number of different materials in a shorter processing time.

关键词： hazardous materials batch reduction reduction schemes efficiency

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