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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yan, Yijun Ren, Jinchang Zhao, Huan Windmill, James F.C. Ijomah, Winifred de Wit, Jesper von Freeden, Justus National Subsea Centre Robert Gordon University Aberdeen United Kingdom Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom Dept of Design Manufacturing & Engineering Management University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom INVENT GmbH Christian-Pommer-Straße 47 Braunschweig38112 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Hermann-Münch-Str. 1 Wolfsburg38440 Germany

Through capturing spectral data from a wide frequency range along with the spatial information, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can detect minor differences in terms of temperature, moisture and chemical composition. Therefore, HSI has been successfully applied in various applications, including remote sensing for security and defense, precision agriculture for vegetation and crop monitoring, food/drink, and pharmaceuticals quality control. However, for condition monitoring and damage detection in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), the use of HSI is a relatively untouched area, as existing non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques focus mainly on delivering information about physical integrity of structures but not on material composition. To this end, HSI can provide a unique way to tackle this challenge. In this paper, with the use of a near-infrared HSI camera, applications of HSI for the non-destructive inspection of CFRP products are introduced, taking the EU H2020 FibreEUse project as the background. Technical challenges and solutions on three case studies are presented in detail, including adhesive residues detection, surface damage detection and Cobot based automated inspection. Experimental results have fully demonstrated the great potential of HSI and related vision techniques for NDT of CFRP, especially the potential to satisfy the industrial manufacturing environment. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Minimally-invasive lag screw fixation technique for posterior malleolus fractures: A cadaveric study

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Foot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases 2024年第2期4卷 100385-100385页

作者： Fullarton, M., MSc Vidakovic, H., FRACS Kieser, D.C., PhD, FRACS Hammer, N., PhD Wyatt, M.C., MD, FRACS University of Otago Department of Anatomy Dunedin New Zealand University of Otago Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine Christchurch New Zealand Medical University of Graz Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center Graz Austria Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Plastic Surgery University Hospital of Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Division of Biomechatronics Dresden Germany College of Health Massey University New Zealand

AbstractAnatomical reduction and lag screw fixation of posterior malleolar (PM) ankle fractures typically involves an open posterolateral approach. The aim of this anatomical study was to assess whether a minimally-invasive, percutaneous posterior-to-anterior lag screw fixation technique is safe to perform. Eighteen cadaveric ankle specimens were used. A transverse incision was made at the lateral border of the Tendo Achilles (TA). Windows were made lateral to and through the substance of the TA and simulated reduction and placement of a single lag screw performed. Specimens were then fully dissected to ascertain proximity and damage to anatomical structures. Lag screw fixation was placed appropriately in all ankles. No injury to the neurovascular structures, ankle joint or syndesmotic ligaments was observed. The mean distance from the soft tissue window to sural nerve was 10.0 mm (range 5–16), and 9.5 mm to short saphenous vein (4–14). Whilst the muscle belly of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) was pierced in six specimens, no injuries to the FHL tendon were observed. The mean distance from screw to syndesmosis was 9.3 mm (range 3–15) and 12.7 mm to the ankle joint (7–17). This study demonstrates that posterior percutaneous lag screw fixation is both safe and accurate. Further work is required to evaluate the precision of reduction and the biomechanical stability of this fixation technique. This novel minimally-invasive technique may be beneficial in avoiding the wound complications associated with open posterolateral ankle approaches and also offer a functional advantage due to minimal soft tissue disruption.

关键词： Ankle joint Approach Fixation Posterior malleolus fracture Trauma V

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Modelling of surface formation mechanism during burnishing of aluminium

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 82卷 450-454页

作者： Rico Stöckmann Matthias Putz Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Burnishing is a finishing process which levels the roughness of machined surfaces and increases the hardness by micro-forming. In this paper, a novel two-dimensional finite element model for the diamond ball burnishing process on aluminium is presented, which allows a prediction of the surface structure. The force, step over distance, and tool geometry during the burnishing process are taken into account by the model and the results are verified by experimental investigations. The verification shows that the model is able to predict all geometrical surface aspects like roughness, sinking-in and bulge formation for reasonable process parameters.

关键词： Finite element method (FEM) Surface modification Burnishing

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Miniaturized parallel kinematic machine tool for the machining of small workpieces 18

Miniaturized parallel kinematic machine tool for the machini...

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18th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2018

作者： Georgi, Oliver Rentzsch, Hendrik Blau, Peter Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775121

Machining small workpieces with large scale machine tools has several disadvantages such as high costs, low efficiency and higher sensitivity to errors. Miniaturizing the machine to workpiece scale is a suitable approach to overcome certain limitations. However, this measure also leads to significant changes in machine properties even if the kinematic structure remains unchanged. On the basis of a parallel kinematic machine tool the paper investigates size effects and machine characteristics during dimensioning and design process. Static stiffness of joint bearings and overall dynamic behaviour are analysed to derive and prove certain design measures. Furthermore the influence of miniaturization on structure synthesis and feed drive dimensioning is shown. The paper concludes with final design and specifications of the developed parallel kinematic machine tool. © 2018 CURRAN-CONFERENCE. All rights reserved.

关键词： machine tools

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Automatic bead position calculation for hem flange bonding

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Procedia Manufacturing 2019年 27卷 138-143页

作者： M. Eckert J. Weber B. Hecht W.-G. Drossel M. Rössinger Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Brieffach 011/1326 38436 Wolfsburg Germany

This article deals with improving the planning of hem flange bonding in the car body manufacturing process. Particularly during the ramp-up of the plant, great effort is put into ensuring that the generated adhesive bond meets the quality requirements. Here, several challenges occur in parallel. This ranges from the specific adhesive design, a result of multi-dimensional and individually curved car body parts, to the multi-stage process chain, where the associated manufacturing equipment is complex. This intricacy is countered by a discrete analysis of the adhesive continuum. Based on an established method, the location where the adhesive must be applied is computed under consideration of contiguous contours, disturbance variables and applicability by the projected dispensing system. For this reason the performance of the involved machines is examined. The results of this new method comprise a robot path along which an application system is guided, and control commands for the latter. Finally, a validation proves that this way, the adhesive application can be designed in a shorter period of time and in high quality at an early stage of plant design.

关键词： Computer automated process planning (CAPP) Robot Hem flange bonding

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Investigating the influence of bending parameters on the springback behavior of ultra-high strength spring strips 26th

Investigating the influence of bending parameters on the spr...

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26th MEFORM Conference on Resource Efficient Materials and forming Technologies, 2018

作者： Richter, Karsten Reuther, Franz Müller, Roland Landgrebe, Dirk Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783035712971

The spring industry has to process ultra-high strength spring strips of the steel grade 1.4310 (X10CrNi18-8). Springback during bending is a limiting factor for resource-efficient production processes in the so-called stamping bending technology. This paper reports a mainly experimental investigation on the influence of bending parameters on the evolving springback of spring strips of the grade 1.4310 with tensile strengths TS = 1500-1800 MPa. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Stamping

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Detection of the Force Distribution Close to the Effective Site in forming machines for a Force Control

Detection of the Force Distribution Close to the Effective S...

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International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)

作者： A. Schleinitz A. Sewohl H. Schlegel M. Putz Department of Control and Feedback Control Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

Ever higher demands are placed on the quality and complexity of formed sheet metal parts, whereby the efficiency of the processes may not be affected. Thus it becomes more difficult to ensure process stability. In order to reduce rejected parts it is necessary to improve forming technologies and processes. Closed loop control of process variables with an influence to the quality of a part is a promising approach. Therefor the reliable metrological acquisition of such a parameter is a basic requirement. forming force respectively force distribution has an influence on component quality and seems to be a suited value. In this paper, a measurement setup and its implementation in a demonstrator is described. First metrological examinations show occurring effects during eccentric load cases and the derivation of spindle forces via additional load paths in the machine frame. This knowledge will be used for the development of a force control.

关键词： Force Force measurement tools Presses Process control Sensor systems

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Media Based forming and Injection Molding Based on Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tubes

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Procedia Manufacturing 2019年 27卷 166-171页

作者： A. Albert M. Werner D. Landgrebe W.-G. Drossel M. Layer U. Engelmann L. Kroll Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Department of Lightweight Structures and Polymer Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany

Research and development for industrial applications forces fraunhofer IWU to explore new fields of technology. The combination of Media Based forming and Injection Molding (MBF-IM) in a single process is such a new development to meet the requirements on lightweight design and resource efficiency. Based on over 20 years of fraunhofer IWU experience in hydroforming, this technology development started with the usage of metal tubes and PA6 with glass fiber to produce metal-plastic-hybrid-components the structural strength of the component is realized by the formed metal tube while the molded attachment allows for easy functionalization. Cockpit cross beams (CQB) are known state of the art components produced this way. In a first development step the conventional hydroforming process was replaced by media based forming (MBF) using nitrogen as a pressure medium. With this process the tool can always be kept dry for the injection molding (IM) process without any additional effort, and no subsequent part cleaning is necessary. Together with TU Chemnitz and industrial partners further developments are continuously carried out and still under research. The focus of this strategic cooperation is the development and the usage of plastic tubes for the structural function of the component. The paper shows the development path from the state of the art for the MBF-IM from metal-plastic hybrid components to the replacement of the liquid active medium for the MBF by gaseous nitrogen, the use of endless fiber-reinforced plastic tubes as semi-finished products to the MBF-IM of short-fiber-reinforced plastic tubes.

关键词： Hydroforming Injection molding Fiber reinforced plastics manufacturing process

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Modeling elastic behavior of forming machine components to reduce tool manufacturing time

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Procedia Manufacturing 2019年 27卷 177-184页

作者： R. Tehel T. Päßler M. Mihm Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany ALLGAIER Automotive GmbH Ulmer Straße 75 73066 Uhingen Germany

In the domain of sheet metal forming for car bodywork the deep drawing process is one of the essential operations and finishes with the calibration of the final contour in the bottom dead center. At this point the demand for great accuracy is opposed to the highest press force inducing large deformations of the tool and the machine itself. The tool deformation is known from CAD and FEM, whereas the compensation of the machine elasticity is currently carried out only in a global and general way. This paper describes a workflow for the measurement and analysis of the individual elastic behavior of a forming machine’s most relevant components and their conversion into a FE model which is capable to be used in a simulation together with the tool geometry for determining the individual compensational camber of the tool. This workflow targets the enhancement of the current general empirical values with an individual deterministic approach for each machine and tool combination to reduce the overall time for tool manufacturing.

关键词： forming Tool geometry Finite element method (FEM)

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Methodology for the design of recursively axially formed rotor shafts made of two or more combined segments

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Procedia Manufacturing 2019年 27卷 13-20页

作者： R. Kurth R. Tehel T. Päßler H. Wagner D. Beihofer Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Felss Systems GmbH Dieselstraße 2 75203 Königsbach-Stein Germany

Electric drives are used in all industrial fields in a growing number. Whereas the rotor shafts used in the area of machinery and plant engineering are designed as solids, the shafts mainly used in the field of automotive industry are hollow shafts focusing on the lightweight potential and the improvement of motor characteristics. This paper describes a shaft design consisting of two or more segments manufactured by a new combination of certain cold forming processes before joining. This design enables higher flexibility of variants as well as optimization of production efficiency and logistic chains. Thus, the joint zone design is a special serration with a helix angle in order to reach a high robustness of the shaft. A detailed FEM simulation of the elastoplastic behavior of the joint zone and the mechanical characteristics of the complete shaft leads to an evaluation of possible applications of this joint geometry and the corresponding manufacturing process. Based on experimental investigations, the simulations have been validated successfully. An empirical model designed by regression analysis of further simulation results is used to propose a design methodology for the identification of design parameters of the assembled shaft and the joint zone as well. These parameters can be used for planning the forming processes and the blank geometry.

关键词： forming rotor shaft finite element method (FEM) axial forming rotary swaging joining serration

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