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A case study on the use of open source hardware in mechanical engineering

Procedia CIRP 2024年 128卷 680-685页

作者： Cäcilia Veliu Valentin Petzold Dirk Reichelt Maximilian Stange Steffen Ihlenfeldt Dresden University of Applied Sciences Friedrich-List-Platz 1 01069 Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technical University Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a 01069 Dresden Germany

Open Source Hardware (OSH) enables innovative developments and business models. The OSH approach creates new forms of cross-company product development and community-based innovation processes. Open source has been state of the art in software industry for years. When it comes to OSH projects, however, the focus is primarily on the consumer sector. The use of OSH for industrial products, especially in mechanical engineering, is still in its early stages. The paper presents a case study on the development of an application module based on OSH components in a R&D testbed. The developed module is intended to enable electronic functional testing. For this purpose, the development process involved, among other things, creating solutions for a tool changing system. Using the case study, we analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the open source licenses used and derive implications for the R&D process. Building on this, various concepts for the use, adaptation and expansion of OSH components and the resulting implications for development processes and business models are presented. The case study is used to analyse which established open source software concepts can be transferred to material assets, but also which additional requirements arise from OSH components, e.g. in the area of safety.

关键词： Open Source Hardware Open Innovation Design: challenges & innovation

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Experimental validation of characteristic diagram- parameterization for environment-induced thermal interactions on machine tools in a climate chamber

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 63-68页

作者： Tharun Suresh Kumar Janine Glänzel Robert Tehel Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany

Thermal gradients created by environmental influences on machine tools cause considerable non-linear thermo-elastic deformations whether the machine is in operation or in idle mode. When a machine tool is subjected to changes in environmental influences such as ambient air temperature, velocity or direction, then flow (CFD) simulations are necessary to effectively quantify the thermal behavior between the machine tool surface and the surrounding air. The conventional two-step simulation procedure consisting of coupled CFD and thermo-elastic simulation is highly time-consuming especially when complex geometries are considered. Decoupling of CFD and thermo-elastic simulation can be achieved by introducing a Clustering Algorithm (CA) and Characteristic Diagrams (CDs) within the simulation workflow. Using training data obtained from a limited number of CFD simulations, the CDs can predict the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) based on the parameterized environmental influences. This paper attempts to validate the experimental temperature and displacement readings obtained at selected positions on a machine tool using a wide range of metrological equipment such thermography camera, temperature and displacement sensors with the decoupling approach based on parameterized CDs. For investigation, the machine tool is positioned in a climate chamber, which facilitates the variation of environmental influences such as ambient temperature, flow velocity and flow direction. Initially, a precise coupled simulation model is created which is later on converted to a decoupled system using parameterized CDs.

关键词： Decoupling approach CFD-FE simulation Experimental validation Clustering Genetic algorithm

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Exposure to industrial noise: Impacts on cognitive performance 50

Exposure to industrial noise: Impacts on cognitive performan...

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50th International Congress and Exposition of Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2021

作者： Pereira, Luiz Henrique Mesa Casa Knöfel, Björn Troge, Jan Drossel, Welf-Guntram Klein, Marcel Hübelt, Jörn Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01087 Germany Mittweida University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 Mittweida09648 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781732598652

Research on the relation between exposure to noise and cognitive performance inside industrial environments is not as broad as on office environments. For a better understanding of the specific industrial noise problems, 23 participants performed arithmetic tests inside a hemi anechoic room while they were exposed to a sequence of sound from five typical industrial noise sources. The subjects also classified how annoying they perceived the noise signals. The effects of noise on the arithmetic test's performance of the 23 participants was found on accuracy and on velocity, although the p-values of a Student t-test are comparable high. Dividing the subjects into a group of more noise annoyed resp. a group of less noise annoyed participants revealed significant influences of the presence of noise compared to an initial test without noise. The more annoyed subjects exhibit a drop of accuracy (-4%, p=0.017) while the less annoyed subjects increase significantly their velocity in the test (+15%, p=0.001). Subjects that evaluated noise as more annoying performed worse in a final arithmetic test (under silence) after being exposed to the noises, indicating a possible cumulative effect of noise on performance. The findings provide a better insight in the cognitive behavior of people who are exposed to industrial noise. Hence, the study will proceed with the specific noise analysis of single industrial workplaces. © INTER-NOISE 2021 .All right reserved.

关键词： Testing

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Software assisted clamping point classification and position optimization for the efficient flexibilization of carbody fixtures using mathematical geometry-based search algorithms

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 466-471页

作者： Rayk Fritzsche Robert Schaffrath Marcel Todtermuschke Head of group Assembly systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany Scientific employee at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany Head of dep. Assembly systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany

The fraunhofer iwu has been developed specialized clamping robots for production of different car-models on one fixture. One of the challenges with universal clamping of different components is the contact point between part and clamping device. For the optimization of the clamping contours, a software was developed with which the geometries of the clamping points can be automatically analyzed and classified. With target search criteria, the clamping position on the component can be changed so that the clamping contours are geometrically simplified. Thus, a huge reduction in the complexity of the flexible clamping device is possible.

关键词： Body in white Automated device design Analysis software Optimization Product flexibility

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Generative design in factory layout planning

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 9-14页

作者： Marian Süße Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Planning and optimization of facility layouts have been investigated for decades and manifold approaches are applied for structuring and design of production layouts. However, results heavily depend on the experience and creativity of involved planning experts. Currently, complexity of planning processes constantly increases, e.g. due to further requirements of energy and media supply. Generative Design, hitherto mainly applied in component development, provides opportunities to cope with a much larger solution space and develop creative layout concepts. Thus, based on a structured overview on established planning methods, a concept and first results of factory layout planning with Generative Design are described.

关键词： Generative design Computational design Evolutionary design Factory planning Layout planning Literature search

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Comparative analysis of topology optimization versus material substitution: Is there a best method for vehicle weight reduction?

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 128卷 132-137页

作者： Gibson P. Chirinda Stephen Matope Philani Zincume Whisper Maisiri Andreas Sterzing University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa North West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2531 11 Hoffman Street South Africa Fraunhofer Institute of Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 13 focuses on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Resource efficient production and strict emission regulations have made vehicle weight reduction a subject of great interest. Common lightweighting techniques include topology optimization and material substitution. The benefits include reduced raw material usage, low fuel consumption, and low carbon emissions. There is a gap in the complex balance of decision-making. If an engineer is faced with the option of topologically optimizing or materially substituting, is one method better than the other? This paper comparatively analyses these lightweight design strategies.

关键词： topology optimization material substitution lightweighting automotive industry

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Usage-based leasing of complex manufacturing systems: A method to transform current ownership-based into pay-per-use business models 55

Usage-based leasing of complex manufacturing systems: A meth...

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55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2022

作者： Alaluss, Mohaned Drechsler, Chris Kurth, Robin Mauersberger, Anton Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Marré, Michael Labs, Rainer Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a Dresden01069 Germany South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences Frauenstuhlweg 31 Iserlohn58644 Germany

Manufacturing technology with its cost- and resource-intensive manufacturing machines like machine tools, whose amortization often takes several years, is characterized by a high degree of individualization. Here, the need for increasingly complex as well as individualized products leads to the demand for high flexibility and resilience in complex manufacturing systems. The increasing uncertainty and volatility in the markets pose high economic risks for machine operators with ownership-based business models to enter new technologies. Consequently, this restrains the innovative and creative power of manufacturing companies. Although leasing models exist in various industry sectors like printing industry or compressed air supply, their implementation is still challenging due to the high degree of complexity regarding machine system, process, and services of the leasing product. In this paper, a novel method, with increased consideration of technical-technological aspects, to transform current ownership-based into usage-based business models like pay-per-use, is proposed. The resulting method also considers the pay-per-use readiness through an initial assessment of the existing manufacturing system. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： agile production business models industry 4.0 machine tools manufacturing machines method pay-per-use perfomance-based contracting

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Examination of the variance in human pathways in HRC with heavy duty-robots for safe process planning 13

Examination of the variance in human pathways in HRC with he...

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13th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2019

作者： Bdiwi, Mohamad Harsch, Ann-Kathrin Reindel, Paul Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainerstr. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Compared to robots, human pathways are individually changeable. Particularly the human-robot-collaboration (HRC) with heavy-duty robots carry high risk potentials. To ensure safety and efficiency, the human variance in pathways should be determined in the planning of HRC. Hence this paper presents a method to investigate human pathway variations in a real study. In systematically selected tasks, human pathways are examined for 100 participants in manual and human-robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios. As a result, the variations of pathways are presented depending on various features: in nearly all cases the variance of women's walking pathways is smaller than that of men. © 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Robot programming

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Automated design of product-flexible car body fixtures with software-supported part alignment using particle swarm optimization 13

Automated design of product-flexible car body fixtures with ...

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13th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2019

作者： Fritzsche, Rayk Voigt, Eric Schaffrath, Robert Todtermuschke, Marcel Röber, Marcel Group Assembly systems Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany Dep. Assembly Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

The fraunhofer iwu has been developed specialized clamping robots for production of different car-models on one fixture. As a base for the fixture design, a method for optimal part alignment has been developed. For handling multitude of possibilities regarding the alignment of parts from different car-models, a specific software tool using particle swarm optimization has been created. The objective was to achieve similar travels for all clamping robots in this fixture. To facilitate the integration of the automated part alignment into fixture design, a further software. © 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Comparison of abrasive water jet technologies in terms of performance and kerf geometry accuracy for cutting ceramics

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International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 2020年第2-4期4卷 201-215页

作者： Morczinek, Florian Putz, Matthias Dix, Martin Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Hard machining of brittle materials such as ceramics is a process-oriented challenge. For the machining of such materials, abrasive water jet cutting is an appropriate alternative to the commonly used diamond grinding and laser cutting processes. In abrasive water jet machining the injection technology is currently used almost exclusively. Due to the realisation of the suspension jet technology a higher cutting performance can be achieved. In this article, the known injection technology and the suspension technology are compared. To do so, the influences on the quality were examined for trimming technical ceramics. The investigation illustrates that suspension technology trims with a higher accuracy than injection technology in matters of kerf geometry but with a lower material removal rate. © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Jets

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