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Digital innovation hubs for robotics – TRINITY approach for distributing knowledge via modular use case demonstrations

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 45-50页

作者： Minna Lanz Jan Reimann Aleš Ude Niki Kousi Roel Pieters Morteza Dianatfar Sotiris Makris Tampere University Tampere Finland Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia University of Patras Patras Greece

Robots are no longer stand-alone systems on the factory floor. The demand for industrial robots (market) is anticipated to be growing to 65 billion euros by the year 2023. Within all areas of robotics, the demand for collaborative and more flexible systems is rising as well. The level of desired collaboration and increased flexibility will only be reached if the systems are developed as a whole, e.g. perception, reasoning and physical manipulation. The rising need for collaborative robots in the automation industry is acting as a driver for this market and is expected to serve as a market opportunity for future growth. However, at the same time especially smaller companies have difficulties to formulate a concrete vision and strategies for the uptake of robotics, finding skilled workforce to develop and deploy the robot systems and/or work in the manufacturing industry. A number of Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) have been developed to enhance the knowledge and technology transfer from laboratories to factory floors, mitigating the skills gap and supporting the formulation of innovation ecosystems with the specific focus on small and medium-sized companies around Europe. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the concept and approach taken in H2020 TRINITY-project that aims to develop a Robotics Innovation Hub focused on Agile Production. The paper will introduce the concept and technical approach of the project, and discusses the preliminary results, challenges and opportunities of these kind of DIHs.

关键词： Digital innovation hub Modular Robotics ICT IIoT

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VariPath: A Database for Modelling the Variance of Human Pathways in Manual and HRC Processes with Heavy-Duty Robots

VariPath: A Database for Modelling the Variance of Human Pat...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Mohamad Bdiwi Ann-Kathrin Harsch Paul Reindel Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz

ISBN: (数字)9781728173955

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173962

Unlike robots, humans do not have constant movements. Their pathways are individually changeable and influenced by circumstances. This paper presents a method to investigate human pathway variations in a real study. In systematically selected tasks, human pathways are examined for 100 participants in manual and human-robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios. As a result, the variations of pathways are presented depending on various features: e.g. in nearly all cases the variance of women's walking pathways is smaller than that of men. VariPath database can be used in any planning process of manual or HRC scenarios to ensure safety and efficiency.

关键词： Legged locomotion Service robots Task analysis Planning Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements

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Measuring the Amount of Plume During Laser Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using Digital Image Processing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jacob, Adrian Kersting, Lisa Bardenhagen, Andreas Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Additive Manufacturing Materials and Technology Siemens Energy Huttenstr. 12 Berlin10553 Germany Institute of Aerospace Institute of Technology Berlin Marchstr. 12-14 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Str. 7a Dresden01189 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a Dresden01069 Germany

Recent publications have put a focus on metal vaporization during the PBF-LB/M process. It is intimately connected with component defects and process by-products such as plume. Our study purposes an in-situ image processing system that aims to determine the amount of plume present in the build chamber. An algorithm isolates the plume in the images and uses a probabilistic approach to eliminate the influence of image noise and determine the amount of plume. The system is employed in the analysis of an experiment in which the scan speeds, laser power, and hatch angle were varied. In addition, the experiment includes repeated parameter sets to evaluate process stability over time. The resultant data shows a slight increase of plume generation over time, indicating a fume buildup within the AM machine’s closed build chamber. Increased laser power and scan speed result in significantly increased plume generation. The effect that the hatch angle has on plume correlates with both laser power and scan speed. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image processing

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Usage-based leasing of complex manufacturing systems: A method to transform current ownership-based into pay-per-use business models

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 107卷 1238-1244页

作者： Mohaned Alaluss Chris Drechsler Robin Kurth Anton Mauersberger Steffen Ihlenfeldt Michael Marré Rainer Labs Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strafβ 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a 01069 Dresden Germany South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences Frauenstuhlweg 31 58644 Iserlohn Germany

Manufacturing technology with its cost- and resource-intensive manufacturing machines like machine tools, whose amortization often takes several years, is characterized by a high degree of individualization. Here, the need for increasingly complex as well as individualized products leads to the demand for high flexibility and resilience in complex manufacturing systems. The increasing uncertainty and volatility in the markets pose high economic risks for machine operators with ownership-based business models to enter new technologies. Consequently, this restrains the innovative and creative power of manufacturing companies. Although leasing models exist in various industry sectors like printing industry or compressed air supply, their implementation is still challenging due to the high degree of complexity regarding machine system, process, and services of the leasing product. In this paper, a novel method, with increased consideration of technical-technological aspects, to transform current ownership-based into usage-based business models like pay-per-use, is proposed. The resulting method also considers the pay-per-use readiness through an initial assessment of the existing manufacturing system.

关键词： perfomance-based contracting pay-per-use method business models manufacturing machines machine tools industry 4.0 agile production

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Comparison of Resistive and Optical Strain Measurement for Early Fracture Detection

Comparison of Resistive and Optical Strain Measurement for E...

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作者： Carabello, Alina Neupetsch, Constanze Werner, Michael Rotsch, Christian Drossel, Welf-Guntram Zajonz, Dirk Chemnitz University of Technology Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Iwu Chemnitz/ Dresden Germany Zeisigwaldkliniken Bethanien Chemnitz Germany

To increase learning success in surgical training, physical simulators are supplemented by measurement technology to generate and record objective feedback and error detection. An opportunity to detect fractures following hip stem implantation early can be measurement of occurring strains on bone surface. These strains can be determined while using strain gauges, digital image correlation (DIC) or photoelasticity. In this research strain gauges and DIC were compared regarding their suitability as strain measurement tools for use in physical simulators. Therefore a testing method was described to replicate the implantation of a hip stem. Testing devices modelled on a realistic prosthesis were pressed into prepared porcine femora in a two-step procedure with a material testing machine. The local strains occurring on bone surface were determined using an optical measurement system for DIC and strain gauges. The initial fractures in the tested femora are located medial-anterior in most cases (73,6%). With increasing indentation depth of the test device, the strains on bone surface increase. Comparing the local strains determined by DIC and strain gauges consistencies in curves are noticeable. Maximal determined strains before fracturing amount to 0,69% with strain gauges and 0,75% with DIC. In the range of the fracture gap, strain gradients are determined by using DIC. However the detected surfaces are of low quality caused by gaps and motion artefacts. The results show strains on bone surfaces for early fracture detection are measurable with strain gauges and DIC. DIC is assessed as less suitable compared to strain gauges. Furthermore strain gauges have greater level of integration and economic efficiency, so they are preferred the use in surgical training simulators. © 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston 2020.

关键词： Image correlation

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machine learning for material characterization with an application for predicting mechanical properties

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GAMM Mitteilungen 2021年第1期44卷 e202100003-e202100003页

作者： Stoll, Anke Benner, Peter Data-Mining and Machine Learning Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany

Currently, the growth of material data from experiments and simulations is expanding beyond processable amounts. This makes the development of new data-driven methods for the discovery of patterns among multiple lengthscales and time-scales and structure-property relationships essential. These data-driven approaches show enormous promise within materials science. The following review covers machine learning (ML) applications for metallic material characterization. Many parameters associated with the processing and the structure of materials affect the properties and the performance of manufactured components. Thus, this study is an attempt to investigate the usefulness of ML methods for material property prediction. Material characteristics such as strength, toughness, hardness, brittleness, or ductility are relevant to categorize a material or component according to their quality. In industry, material tests like tensile tests, compression tests, or creep tests are often time consuming and expensive to perform. Therefore, the application of ML approaches is considered helpful for an easier generation of material property information. This study also gives an application of ML methods on small punch test (SPT) data for the determination of the property ultimate tensile strength for various materials. A strong correlation between SPT data and tensile test data was found which ultimately allows to replace more costly tests by simple and fast tests in combination with ML. © 2021 The Authors. GAMM - Mitteilungen published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： machine learning

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Examination of the variance in human pathways in HRC with heavy duty-robots for safe process planning

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 88卷 234-239页

作者： Mohamad Bdiwi Ann-Kathrin Harsch Paul Reindel Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainerstr. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Compared to robots, human pathways are individually changeable. Particularly the human-robot-collaboration (HRC) with heavy-duty robots carry high risk potentials. To ensure safety and efficiency, the human variance in pathways should be determined in the planning of HRC. Hence this paper presents a method to investigate human pathway variations in a real study. In systematically selected tasks, human pathways are examined for 100 participants in manual and human-robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios. As a result, the variations of pathways are presented depending on various features: in nearly all cases the variance of women’s walking pathways is smaller than that of men.

关键词： Human factors Production planning Human-Robot-Collaboration (HRC)

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Local Microscopic and Integral Macroscopic Analysis of Magnetic Pulse Welds and Deformations for Dissimilar Metal Joints 13th

Local Microscopic and Integral Macroscopic Analysis of Magne...

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13th International Conference on the technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2021

作者： Huberth, Frank Ragupathi, Balaji Scheffler, Christian Psyk, Verena Preußner, Johannes Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Woehlerstrasse 11 Freiburg79108 Germany Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering EFM University of Freiburg Faculty of Engineering Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 Solar Info Center 4 Freiburg79110 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030753801

Magnetic pulse technology is used for high-speed forming as well as for joining. Joining by magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is the combination of high-speed forming, impact, and a resulting weld in the collision zone of the accelerated flyer and the impacted target. This MPW process allows the welding of dissimilar metals, like aluminum and steel for lightweight construction or aluminum and copper for E-mobility applications. Investigations showed up scattering in binding strength and failure for comparable welds. The effects leading to the bond formation and the reasons for the quality variation are not fully understood until now. For further understanding, a combined experimental investigation of integral and local mechanical weld properties supported by simulations and microstructure analysis was performed considering dissimilar metal joints of aluminum EN AW1050 H14/24 and copper Cu DHP R240 for different configurations and impact energies. Lap shear tests served for quantifying integral mechanical properties, while local mechanical properties were determined by microtensile tests on samples prepared in the thickness direction of the welded metal sheets and microstructural analysis. These local microscopic testing and analysis results provide information about the weld strength distribution. These investigations give new hints on the bond-forming mechanisms and local process depending on material effects. © 2021, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Welds

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An investigation of abrasive waterjet machining of cubic boron nitride (CBN) with a softer abrasive material

An investigation of abrasive waterjet machining of cubic bor...

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20th CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining, ISEM 2020

作者： Morczinek, F. Putz, M. Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools an Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

For an effective machining of high-performance materials, high-strength cutting materials, e.g. cubic boron nitride (CBN), with high resistance to any kind of wear are used. However, these materials must also be able to be machined in order to produce geometric elements such as chip breakers or chip grooves. According to the current state of the art, grinding and laser beam technology are used for this purpose. In this paper, an attempt was made to use the erosive removal mechanism of abrasive water jet technology to cut a harder material with a softer abrasive. Within the framework of a full factorial test plan, the removal rate, the macroscopic kerf geometry on CBN were investigated by means of abrasive water jet machining. It could be proven that it is possible to remove a harder material with a softer abrasive by means of abrasive water jet technology. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Abrasion

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Metal Foams with Ceramic Inserts for Security Applications 11th

Metal Foams with Ceramic Inserts for Security Applications

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11th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams, MetFoam 2019

作者： Vogel, René Drebenstedt, Claudia Szyniszewski, Stefan Bittner, Florian Fras, Teresa Blanc, Ludovic Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany University of Surrey Guildford United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI Hannover Germany Saint-Louis France

ISBN: (纸本)9783030427979

Protective performance and a low weight of armour plates are the most important objective in security applications. Metallic foams can provide a high level of protection without an extensive mass and were used as a part of various laminated armour systems in the past. Embedding small ceramic parts in metallic foam combines the hardness of ceramics with the flexibility of the lightweight cellular matrix. The material has an extreme cutting resistance against mechanical tools such as angle grinder, drill bits, or other cutting devices. In several testing campaigns, aluminium foams were combined with different internal layouts of stacked or integrated ceramics. The cellular core was foamed directly to steel cover sheets or was bonded to different steel alloy faceplates. In additional tests, blast wave propagation of the metallic foam ceramic composite (MFCC) panels was evaluated. Furthermore, several ballistic tests were performed and compared to state-of-the-art armour materials. It was possible to achieve better performance in this comparison to standard armoured steel at a lower overall weight. © 2020, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Metals

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