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Effects of abrasive waterjet cutting on surface properties of hardened steel

Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 620-625页

作者： Nermin Redžić Philipp Kieweg Joachim Regel Martin Dix Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Franke GmbH Obere Bahnstraße 64 73431 Aalen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

The importance of cutting hardened materials without influencing their structural properties makes abrasive waterjet machining a favorable choice in certain applications in comparison with other manufacturing technologies. Using this technology, faulty surface structures and errors caused by high thermal loads such as burrs, burns and cracks, can be avoided. In this paper, the results of applying the abrasive waterjet technology for cutting of hardened steel and its advantageous properties in comparison with cut-off grinding will be presented. The influence of process parameters on surface properties and burr formation has been determined by experimental analysis.

关键词： abrasive waterjet machining hardened steel cut-off grinding burr formation

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A survey on sustainability approaches in manufacturing

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 101-106页

作者： Bastian Prell Heiner Reinhardt Anton Mauersberger Alexander Rauscher Jörg Reiff-Stephan Steffen Ihlenfeldt Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Awareness about climate change has led to policies and regulations but also customer preferences favoring sustainable production. Thus, producing businesses are confronted by this, as they consume a large share of resources. Therefore, when producing, additional dimensions beyond commercial feasibility ought to be considered. Here, literature on sustainability from the field of engineering science is systematically searched and analyzed for approaches leading to actual recommendations for action. Hence, this bottom-up approach, incorporating the production engineers’ point of view, represents an inside view of how the topic of sustainability has arrived at production companies. The focus on commercial feasibility ensures high relevance to practice, as production needs to become both sustainable and competitive. Even though exemplary collections of different approaches addressing the topic of sustainability in production can be found in literature, novelty is provided by the structured manner literature was collected and the special focus on approaches leading to practice-relevant recommendations for action. Thus, a comprehensive overview of approaches applicable to the manufacturing domain is presented.

关键词： Eco-design methodology Economics Environment(al) Innovation management Manufacturing Production Sustainable development

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Identifying efficiency and flexibility measures for energy-oriented factory management

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 105卷 302-307页

作者： Marc Münnich David Rein Heiner Reinhardt Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Recent efforts in climate politics increase the ecological pressure of manufacturing companies in terms of intelligent and efficient usage of resources during operations. Rising energy prices lead to further economic pressure. Especially companies with a high share of energy cost on total costs are forced to continuously improve processes regarding the energy usage. Existing guidelines and methodologies are usually concerned with either of the two dimensions energy efficiency (EnEff), or energy flexibility (EnFlex). While EnEff addresses the reduction of the energy consumption for a defined manufacturing output, EnFlex addresses the advantageous shift, increase, and decrease of energy demand. Although both dimensions address the total reduction of cost, they are usually considered separately in literature. Here, we examine both dimensions while focusing on the provision and usage of electric energy due to its manifold conversion and usability opportunities in factory processes. Therefore, we developed an overview of measures of both dimensions as well as their application characteristics within the factory. To identify EnEff and EnFlex measures, a practicable methodology is introduced. This aims to enable especially companies with few experiences in EnEff and EnFlex measure application to improve energy aware operations. We illustrate our examination by means of an industrial application example.

关键词： Energy Energy efficiency Flexibility Factory

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Study on flushing condition for improving silver deposition in silver nano-powder mixed EDM 22

Study on flushing condition for improving silver deposition ...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Bui, Viet D. Meinshausen, Ann-Kathrin Berger, Thomas Martin, André Harnisch, Karsten Bertrand, Jessica Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg39120 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

Silver nano-powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) has demonstrated its applicability for antibacterial surface modification. However, previous PMEDM studies indicated that jet flushing leads to a low powder concentration in the spark gap, which was the main reason for a low deposited silver content. Internal flushing with different dielectric pressures was therefore proposed and will be investigated in this study. To do so, Ti-6Al-4V hollow tool electrodes with an outer diameter of 3 mm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm are selected to machine Ti-6Al-4V samples. Silver nano-powders with a size of 50 nm to 60 nm are suspended in the hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid at a 5 g/l powder concentration. Surface roughness and resulting silver content and distribution on the modified surface are analysed and discussed. Results show that internal flushing significantly increases the deposited silver content when high pressure of the dielectric fluid was applied. In addition, with careful control, the internal flushing is a promising strategy for improving the uniformity of the deposited silver distribution. © European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface roughness

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Surface modification of tungsten carbide cobalt tool electrodes by heat treatment under nitrogen atmosphere for electro-discharge drilling 23

Surface modification of tungsten carbide cobalt tool electro...

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23rd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2023

作者： Uhlmann, E. Camin, B. Polte, J. Polte, M. Streckenbach, J. Dinh, N.C. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Faculty I Materials Engineering Hochschule Bremerhaven Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999132

The requirements for high-precision components for tool and mould-making, automotive and aerospace industries are constantly increasing. Due to the strong mechanical properties of the used materials, such as tool steels and nickel-based alloys, conventional cutting processes are not always suitable. Instead, electrical discharge machining is used for cutting electrically conductive materials. One challenge even today is debris formation, causing arcs and short-circuits in the lateral working gap. This applies particularly to electro-discharge drilling with high aspect ratios and increased difficulties of debris removal. This leads to increased process instability, tool wear and conicity as well as decreased material removal rates. To reduce the effects of arcing and short-circuits in the lateral working gap, tungsten carbide-cobalt tool electrodes with an outer diameter of dO = 1.5 mm were heat-treated to increase the electrical resistivity of the electrode's surface. For this purpose, two different ambient atmospheres were selected, a nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum in comparison. Subsequently, the modified tool electrodes were used to produce boreholes in tool steel of the type Elmax Superclean with a depth of et = 6.75 mm by electrodischarge drilling. The surface modification in the nitrogen atmosphere led to a slightly higher material removal rate and a decrease in the linear tool wear of the tool electrode by up to 6.67 % compared to an untreated reference electrode. © 2023 Euspen Headquarters.

关键词： Heat treatment

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Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Silver Integration by Powder Mixed EDM for Antibacterial Surfaces 7

Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Silver Integration by Powder M...

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7th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2024

作者： Bui, Viet D. Martin, André Berger, Thomas Harnisch, Karsten Döring, Joachim Bertrand, Jessica Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Universitätsplatz 2 Magdeburg39106 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg39120 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) with silver nano-powder has demonstrated its potential capability in antibacterial surface modification. Analyses in the cross-sectional layer showed that silver was mainly integrated near the topmost surface layer, and its content is reduced within the layer towards the substrate. However, to achieve a long-term antibacterial efficacy, silver needs to be deeply integrated in the modified layer. Previous studies indicated that ultrasonic vibration (UV) assisted PMEDM can homogenize the silver content in the deposited layer. In this study, the effect of UV on the silver distribution within the modified layer is investigated. Ti6Al4V workpieces were stimulated by UV with a frequency of 22.3 kHz and an amplitude of 2.5 µm. Hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid, mixed with silver nano-powder with concentrations up to 15 g/L, were internally flushed through a hollow tool with a pressure of 4 bar. PMEDM without UV was investigated for comparison. The layer thickness, micro-cracks and the cross-sectional distribution of deposited silver were analysed by confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicate that applying UV leads to the highest silver content in the middle region of the layer, a significant decrease of micro-cracks and a slight reduction of the layer thickness. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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causalgraph: A PYTHON PACKAGE FOR MODELING, PERSISTING AND VISUALIZING CAUSAL GRAPHS EMBEDDED IN KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pieper, D. Sven Mehling, D. Carl Willy Hirsch, Dominik Lüke, D. Tobias Ihlenfeldt, D. Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

This paper describes a novel Python package, named causalgraph, for modeling and saving causal graphs embedded in knowledge graphs. The package has been designed to provide an interface between causal disciplines such as causal discovery and causal inference. With this package, users can create and save causal graphs and export the generated graphs for use in other graph-based packages. The main advantage of the proposed package is its ability to facilitate the linking of additional information and metadata to causal structures. In addition, the package offers a variety of functions for graph modeling and plotting, such as editing, adding, and deleting nodes and edges. It is also compatible with widely used graph data science libraries such as NetworkX and Tigramite and incorporates a specially developed causalgraph ontology in the background. This paper provides an overview of the package’s main features, functionality, and usage examples, enabling the reader to use the package effectively in practice. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Python

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Further Developments in the Production of an Innovative Motor Concept with Radially Laminated Stator Sheets and Flux Barriers

Further Developments in the Production of an Innovative Moto...

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International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)

作者： Alena Babl Mirko Bach Dieter Gerling Martin Dix Chair of Electrical Drives and Actuators Bundeswehr University Munich Neubiberg Germany Department hydroforming and tool concepts Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454056

In the course of saving resources and energy caused by factors such as environmental protection and the climate crisis, various motor topologies are being developed and investigated continuously. One of these developments is being promoted by researchers at the EAA and IWU and concerns the implementation of an innovative motor concept with radially laminated stator steel sheets and flux barriers. Various new developments in design and manufacturing technology have to be implemented as well as analyzed for this new development. This paper provides an insight into the electromagnetic relationships within the newly arranged grain-oriented laminations as well as findings from the production of the first prototypes. Furthermore measurement results on the electromagnetic behavior of the stator are given as well as subsequent findings and derived decisions are presented.

关键词： Lamination Prototypes Production Stators Topology Manufacturing Steel

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NextLens—The Next Generation of Surgical Navigation: Proof of Concept of an Augmented Reality System for Surgical Navigation

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Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 2023年第4期85卷 363-369页

作者： Ronny Grunert Carl-Henry Snyderman Paul Gardner Michel Busse Lukas Ahner Fabian Kropla Robert Möbius Svenja Jung Sebastian Scholz Erdem Güresir Dirk Winkler Department of Neurosurgery University Leipzig Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Plastics Technology Center Oberlausitz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Zittau Germany Center for Skull Base Surgery University Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States

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ML-Pipeline for the Quality Assessment of Screwdriving Processes

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 126卷 951-956页

作者： Martin Wende Marcel Bender Maik Frye Dennis Grunert Robert H. Schmitt Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Current quality assessment methods of screwdriving processes evaluate the final torque-angle combination only. Consequently, anomalies and errors during the screwdriving process may remain unnoticed. Furthermore, the cause of an error cannot always be determined. We present an ML-pipeline for the assessment of screwing operations based on time series data of the entire process. The analysis is performed using the publicly available AURSAD dataset. The transfer onto screwdriving processes of the commercial vehicle production is likewise discussed. We find that the ML-pipeline performance is highly dependent on the combined consideration of preprocessing methods and model training.

关键词： ML-Pipeline Production Quality Time Series Data Screwdriving Process Anomaly Detection

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